Markus Millinger
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View article: The Minimal Methanol Economy as a Gap-Filler for High Electrification Scenarios
The Minimal Methanol Economy as a Gap-Filler for High Electrification Scenarios Open
Electrifying sectors like land transport and building heating is a cost-effective strategy for decarbonisation. For harder-to-abate sectors that require fuels for their density or chemical properties, like long-haul aviation, shipping, bac…
View article: Accounting for carbon capture solvent cost and energy demand in the energy system
Accounting for carbon capture solvent cost and energy demand in the energy system Open
Technical carbon dioxide removal through bioenergy with carbon capture or direct air capture (DAC) plays a role in virtually all climate mitigation scenarios. Both of these technologies rely on the use of chemical solvents or sorbents in o…
View article: Accounting for carbon capture solvent cost and energy demand in the energy system
Accounting for carbon capture solvent cost and energy demand in the energy system Open
Technical carbon dioxide removal through bioenergy with carbon capture or direct air capture plays a role in virtually all climate mitigation scenarios. Both of these technologies rely on the use of chemical solvents or sorbents in order t…
View article: Modelling assessment of resource competition for renewable basic chemicals and the effect of recycling
Modelling assessment of resource competition for renewable basic chemicals and the effect of recycling Open
This work assesses pathways towards a net‐zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions chemical industry sector in Germany until 2050, focusing on the ammonia, methanol, ethylene and adipic acid subsectors and the effect of the recycling of C embed…
View article: Diversity of biomass usage pathways to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system
Diversity of biomass usage pathways to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system Open
Biomass is a versatile renewable energy source that can be used in all parts of the energy system, but it is a limited resource and usage needs prioritisation. Here we use a sector-coupled European energy system model to explore the range …
View article: A model for cost- and greenhouse gas optimal material and energy allocation of biomass and hydrogen
A model for cost- and greenhouse gas optimal material and energy allocation of biomass and hydrogen Open
BENOPT, an optimal material and energy allocation model is presented, which is used to assess cost-optimal and/or greenhouse gas abatement optimal allocation of renewable energy carriers across power, heat and transport sectors. A high lev…
View article: Are biofuel mandates cost-effective? - An analysis of transport fuels and biomass usage to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system
Are biofuel mandates cost-effective? - An analysis of transport fuels and biomass usage to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system Open
Abatement options for the hard-to-electrify parts of the transport sector are needed to achieve ambitious emissions targets. Biofuels based on biomass, electrofuels based on renewable hydrogen and a carbon source, as well as fossil fuels c…
View article: How diet portfolio shifts combined with land-based climate change mitigation strategies could reduce climate burdens in Germany
How diet portfolio shifts combined with land-based climate change mitigation strategies could reduce climate burdens in Germany Open
Many studies have analysed the environmental impact of vegan, vegetarian, or reduced meat diets. To date, literature has not evaluated how diet shifts affect environmental impacts by utilising portfolios which reflect personal nutrition pr…
View article: The Crucial Role of Bioenergy in a Climate‐Neutral Energy System in Germany
The Crucial Role of Bioenergy in a Climate‐Neutral Energy System in Germany Open
Greenhous gas mitigation requires urgent action, especially in transforming the energy system. Bioenergy is expected to counterbalance the variable power from wind and solar energy, but also for the de‐fossilization of the heat and transpo…
View article: Electrofuels from excess renewable electricity at high variable renewable shares: cost, greenhouse gas abatement, carbon use and competition
Electrofuels from excess renewable electricity at high variable renewable shares: cost, greenhouse gas abatement, carbon use and competition Open
Renewable transport fuels stem either from renewable electricity or biomass. We perform a model-based systems analysis of the usage of electricity, biomass and carbon for fuel production, focusing on greenhouse gas abatement and cost.
View article: Incorporating Consumer Choice into an Optimization Model for the German Heat Sector: Effects on the Projected Bioenergy Use
Incorporating Consumer Choice into an Optimization Model for the German Heat Sector: Effects on the Projected Bioenergy Use Open
Energy system optimization models (ESOM) are widely used to inform about energy transition strategies. The heterogeneity of consumers, especially in the heat sector, is rarely considered in these model types. Integrating consumer heterogen…
View article: Electrofuels from Excess Renewable Electricity at High Variable Renewable Shares: Cost, Greenhouse Gas Abatement, Carbon Use and Competition
Electrofuels from Excess Renewable Electricity at High Variable Renewable Shares: Cost, Greenhouse Gas Abatement, Carbon Use and Competition Open
Increasing shares of variable renewable electricity (VRE) generation are necessary for achieving high renewable shares in all energy sectors. This results in increased excess renewable electricity (ERE) at times when supply exceeds demand.…
View article: Electrofuels from Excess Renewable Electricity at High Variable Renewable Shares: Cost, Greenhouse Gas Abatement, Carbon Use and Competition
Electrofuels from Excess Renewable Electricity at High Variable Renewable Shares: Cost, Greenhouse Gas Abatement, Carbon Use and Competition Open
Increasing shares of variable renewable electricity (VRE) generation are necessary for achieving high renewable shares in all energy sectors. This results in increased excess renewable electricity (ERE) at times when supply exceeds demand.…
View article: Future Renewable Fuel Mixes in Transport in Germany under RED II and Climate Protection Targets
Future Renewable Fuel Mixes in Transport in Germany under RED II and Climate Protection Targets Open
With the Renewable Energy Directive 2018/2001 (RED II), adopted in December 2018, the EU is continuing the political framework for the use of renewable energy sources in the transport sector for the period from 2021 to 2030. At the same ti…
View article: Greenhouse Gas Abatement Potentials and Economics of Selected Biochemicals in Germany
Greenhouse Gas Abatement Potentials and Economics of Selected Biochemicals in Germany Open
In this paper, biochemicals with the potential to substitute fossil reference chemicals in Germany were identified using technological readiness and substitution potential criteria. Their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were quantified by u…
View article: Power usage in the transport sector – potential, costs and greenhouse gas abatement of different well-to-wheel pathways
Power usage in the transport sector – potential, costs and greenhouse gas abatement of different well-to-wheel pathways Open
<p>The increase of variable renewable energy sources (VRE), i.e. wind and solar power, may lead to a certain mismatch between power demand and supply. At the same time, in order to decarbonise the heat and transport sectors, power-ba…
View article: Interaction of Electrical Energy Storage, Flexible Bioenergy Plants and System-friendly Renewables in Wind- or Solar PV-dominated Regions
Interaction of Electrical Energy Storage, Flexible Bioenergy Plants and System-friendly Renewables in Wind- or Solar PV-dominated Regions Open
Wind and solar PV have become the lowest-cost alternatives for power generation in many countries and are expected to dominate the renewable power supply in many regions of the world. The temporal volatility in power production from these …
View article: Future competitive bioenergy technologies in the German heat sector: Findings from an economic optimization approach
Future competitive bioenergy technologies in the German heat sector: Findings from an economic optimization approach Open
Meeting the defined greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets in Germany is only possible by switching to renewable technologies in the energy sector. A major share of that reduction needs to be covered by the heat sector, which accounts for …
View article: Competitive Biomass Key Applications to Fulfill Climate Targets in the German Heat Sector: Findings from Optimization Modelling
Competitive Biomass Key Applications to Fulfill Climate Targets in the German Heat Sector: Findings from Optimization Modelling Open
Fulfilling the ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets in Germany requires the use of renewable technologies in the heat sector. Biomass is the renewable key player in the heterogeneous German heat sector today, having many possib…
View article: The Potential Role of Biochemicals for German Climate Targets: Assessments Based on Environmental and Economic Perspectives
The Potential Role of Biochemicals for German Climate Targets: Assessments Based on Environmental and Economic Perspectives Open
The use of renewable resources has been increasing as efforts to mitigate climate change have been amplified. In the power, heat and transport fuels sectors, the use of biomass has experienced an upward trajectory owing to policies such as…
View article: Greenhouse Gas Abatement Optimal Crop Usage for Biofuels Across Transport Sectors in Germany
Greenhouse Gas Abatement Optimal Crop Usage for Biofuels Across Transport Sectors in Germany Open
A complete decarbonisation of the transport sector is widely expected to rely heavily on power based solutions. However, the deployment of these alternatives requires some time and some sectors, such as shipping, goods transport and aviati…
View article: Relative Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Competitiveness of Biofuels in Germany
Relative Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Competitiveness of Biofuels in Germany Open
Transport biofuels derived from biogenic material are used for substituting fossil fuels, thereby abating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Numerous competing conversion options exist to produce biofuels, with differing GHG emissions and cos…
View article: Relative Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Competitiveness of Biofuels in Germany
Relative Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Competitiveness of Biofuels in Germany Open
Transport biofuels derived from biogenic material are used for substituting fossil fuels, thereby abating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Numerous competing conversion options exist to produce biofuels, with differing GHG emissions and cos…
View article: Strategy Elements for a Sustainable Bioenergy Policy Based on Scenarios and Systems Modeling: Germany as Example
Strategy Elements for a Sustainable Bioenergy Policy Based on Scenarios and Systems Modeling: Germany as Example Open
Bioenergy is an important renewable energy carrier with uncertainties in future development due to sustainability issues. Its further development requires a robust bioenergy strategy on a national level. To provide these strategy elements,…
View article: The MILESTONES modeling framework: An integrated analysis of national bioenergy strategies and their global environmental impacts
The MILESTONES modeling framework: An integrated analysis of national bioenergy strategies and their global environmental impacts Open
Bioenergy policies affect both the environment and biomass availability for food, feed, and fiber on a national and international scale. To support policy makers, knowledge and methods from different scientific disciplines in the form of i…
View article: An Integrated Modelling Approach for Analyzing the Land-Use Effects of German Bioenergy Policies
An Integrated Modelling Approach for Analyzing the Land-Use Effects of German Bioenergy Policies Open
The use of energy carriers derived from biomass is an essential element of the German strategy for transforming its energy system towards renewable energy sources. In order to assess the sustainability of the related biomass production it …