Explanipedia

The Economics of Childbearing: Trends, Progress, and Challenges Open

Martha Bailey · 2025

The neoclassical economics of childbearing turns 65 this year, marking the anniversary of Gary Becker's foundational article on the subject in 1960. This review article begins with a study of how childbearing has evolved in the United Stat…

Who Is Financially Constrained in Their Choice of Contraceptive Method? Lessons from M-CARES Open

Martha Bailey, Lea Bart, Alexa Prettyman, Vanessa Wanner Lang, Vanessa K. Dalton · 2024

The Michigan Contraceptive Access, Research, and Evaluation Study (M-CARES) is a randomized control trial that examines how financial constraints affect the choice of contraceptives among uninsured individuals. Although all M-CARES partici…

How the 1963 Equal Pay Act and 1964 Civil Rights Act Shaped the Gender Gap in Pay Open

Martha Bailey, Thomas Helgerman, Bryan A. Stuart · 2024

In the 1960s, two landmark statutes—the Equal Pay and Civil Rights Acts—targeted the long-standing practice of employment discrimination against U.S. women. For the next 15 years, the gender gap in median earnings among full-time, full-yea…

How the 1963 Equal Pay Act and 1964 Civil Rights Act Shaped the Gender Gap in Pay Open

Martha Bailey, Thomas Helgerman, Bryan A. Stuart · 2024

The Long-Run Effects of California's Paid Family Leave Act on Women's Careers and Childbearing: New Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design and U.S. Tax Data Open

Martha Bailey, Tanya Byker, Elena Patel, Shanthi Ramnath · 2024

The Effects of the Great Depression on Children’s Intergenerational Mobility Open

Martha Bailey, Peter Z. Lin, A. R. Shariq Mohammed, Alexa Prettyman · 2024

This article examines the role of the Great Depression in shaping the intergenerational mobility of some of the most upwardly mobile cohorts of the twentieth century. Using newly linked census and vital records from the Longitudinal, Inter…

The Long-Run Effects of California's Paid Family Leave Act on Women's Careers and Childbearing: New Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design and U.S. Tax Data Open

Martha Bailey, Tanya Byker, Elena Patel, Shanthi Ramnath · 2024

Effectiveness of Online Nutrition Education Modalities: A Narrative Review Open

Martha Bailey, Audrey Cosgrove, John R. Sedor, Johannah Gaitings-Harrod, Urshila Sriram · 2023

The COVID-19 baby bump in the United States Open

Martha Bailey, Janet Currie, Hannes Schwandt · 2023

We use natality microdata covering the universe of US. births for 2015 to 2021 and California births from 2015 through February 2023 to examine childbearing responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that 60% of the 2020 decline in US fer…

The creation of LIFE-M: The Longitudinal, Intergenerational Family Electronic Micro-Database project Open

Martha Bailey, Peter Z. Lin, A. R. Shariq Mohammed, Paul Mohnen, Jared S. Murray , et al. · 2023

This paper describes the creation of the Longitudinal, Intergenerational Family Electronic Micro-Database (LIFE-M), a new data resource linking vital records and decennial censuses for millions of individuals and families living in the lat…

Is the Social Safety Net a Long-Term Investment? Large-Scale Evidence From the Food Stamps Program Open

Martha Bailey, Hilary Hoynes, Maya Rossin‐Slater, Reed Walker · 2023

We use novel, large-scale data on 17.5 million Americans to study how a policy-driven increase in economic resources affects children's long-term outcomes. Using the 2000 Census and 2001–13 American Community Survey linked to the Social Se…

How Costs Limit Contraceptive Use among Low-Income Women in the U.S.: A Randomized Control Trial Open

Martha Bailey, Vanessa Wanner Lang, Alexa Prettyman, Iris Vrioni, Lea Bart , et al. · 2023

The Affordable Care Act eliminated cost-sharing for contraception for Americans with health insurance, but substantial cost sharing remains for uninsured individuals who seek care through Title X-a national family planning program that pro…

How the 1963 Equal Pay Act and 1964 Civil Rights Act Shaped the Gender Gap in Pay Open

Martha Bailey, Thomas Helgerman, Bryan A. Stuart · 2023

In the 1960s, two landmark statutes-the Equal Pay and Civil Rights Acts-targeted the longstanding practice of employment discrimination against U.S. women.For the next 15 years, the gender gap in median earnings among full-time, full-year …

How the 1963 Equal Pay Act and 1964 Civil Rights Act Shaped the Gender Gap in Pay Open

Martha Bailey, Thomas Helgerman, Bryan A. Stuart · 2023

The Covid-19 Baby Bump: The Unexpected Increase in U.S. Fertility Rates in Response to the Pandemic Open

Martha Bailey, Janet Currie, Hannes Schwandt · 2022

We use restricted natality microdata covering the universe of U.S. births for 2015-2021 and California births from 2015 to August 2022 to examine the childbearing response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Although fertility rates declined in 2020,…

Breathing new life into death certificates: Extracting handwritten cause of death in the LIFE-M project Open

Martha Bailey, Susan Leonard, Joseph Price, Evan Roberts, Logan G. Spector , et al. · 2022

Economic opportunity begins with contraception: Comment on “Intergenerational Mobility Begins Before Birth” by Ananth Seshadri, Anson Zhou Open

Martha Bailey · 2022

The Missing Baby Bust: The Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Contraceptive Use, Pregnancy, and Childbirth Among Low-Income Women Open

Martha Bailey, Lea Bart, Vanessa Wanner Lang · 2022

The Missing Baby Bust: The Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Contraceptive Use, Pregnancy, and Childbirth among Low-Income Women Open

Martha Bailey, Л В Барт, Vanessa Wanner Lang · 2022

Multiple episodes in U.S. history demonstrate that birth rates fall in response to recessions.However, the 2020 COVID-19 recession differed from earlier periods in that employment and access to contraception and abortion fell, as reproduct…

Breathing New Life into Death Certificates: Extracting Cause of Death from Handwritten Records Open

Martha Bailey, Susan Leonard, Joseph Price, Logan G. Spector, Evan Roberts , et al. · 2022

Prep School for Poor Kids: The Long-Run Impacts of Head Start on Human Capital and Economic Self-Sufficiency Open

Martha Bailey, Shuqiao Sun, Brenden Timpe · 2021

This paper evaluates the long-run effects of Head Start using large-scale, restricted administrative data. Using the county roll-out of Head Start between 1965 and 1980 and age-eligibility cutoffs for school entry, we find that Head Start …

Changes in the US Gender Gap in Wages in the 1960s Open

Martha Bailey, Thomas Helgerman, Bryan A. Stuart · 2021

The 1960s witnessed landmark legislation that aimed to increase women's wages, including the Equal Pay Act of 1963, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, and the 1966 amendments to the Fair Labor Standards Act. Although the gender gap in pay …

The Economic Impact of a High National Minimum Wage: Evidence from the 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act Open

Martha Bailey, John DiNardo, Bryan A. Stuart · 2021

This paper examines the short and longer-term economic effects of the 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) which increased the national minimum wage to its highest level of the 20th Century and extended coverage to an additional 9.1 millio…

Does younger age at marriage affect divorce? Evidence from Johnson's Executive Order 11241 Open

Martha Bailey, Emily Beam, Anna E. Wentz · 2021

Before President Johnson's Executive Order 11241 in August 1965, married men received lower draft priority for military service. As the Vietnam War escalated in the summer of 1965, anecdotal evidence suggests draft‐eligible men sought marr…

Prep School for Poor Kids: The Long-Run Impacts of Head Start on Human Capital and Economic Self-Sufficiency Open

Martha Bailey, Shuqiao Sun, Brenden Timpe · 2020

This paper evaluates the long-run effects of Head Start using large-scale, restricted 2000-2018 Census-ACS data linked to the SSA's Numident file, which contains exact date and county of birth.Using the county rollout of Head Start between…

How Well Do Automated Linking Methods Perform? Lessons from US Historical Data Open

Martha Bailey, Connor Cole, Morgan Henderson, Catherine Massey · 2020

This paper reviews the literature in historical record linkage in the United States and examines the performance of widely used record-linking algorithms and common variations in their assumptions. We use two high-quality, hand-linked data…

Trends in Birth Rates After Elimination of Cost Sharing for Contraception by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Open

Vanessa K. Dalton, Michelle H. Moniz, Martha Bailey, Lindsay K. Admon, Giselle E. Kolenic , et al. · 2020

In this cross-sectional study, the elimination of cost sharing for contraception under the ACA was associated with improvements in contraceptive method prescription fills and a decrease in births among commercially insured women. Women wit…

The Demographic Effects of Dodging the Vietnam Draft Open

Martha Bailey, Eric Chyn · 2020

This paper quantifies the impact of the Vietnam War on fertility rates in the late 1960s and early 1970s. For draft-eligible men wishing to avoid military service, the hardship deferment (III-A) for paternity created a powerful incentive t…

Is the Social Safety Net a Long-Term Investment? Large-Scale Evidence from the Food Stamps Program Open

Martha Bailey, Hilary Hoynes, Maya Rossin‐Slater, Reed Walker · 2020

We use novel, large-scale data on 43 million Americans from the 2000 Census and the 2001 to 2013 American Communities Survey linked to the Social Security Administration's NUMIDENT to study how a policy-driven increase in economic resource…

The Economic Impact of a High National Minimum Wage: Evidence from the 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act Open

Martha Bailey, John DiNardo, Bryan A. Stuart · 2020

This paper examines the short and longer-term economic effects of the 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) which increased the national minimum wage to its highest level of the 20th Century and extended coverage to an additional 9.1 millio…

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