Martin P. Paulus
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View article: Decomposing genetic effects of social connectedness and depression on youth behaviors and long-term clinical outcomes
Decomposing genetic effects of social connectedness and depression on youth behaviors and long-term clinical outcomes Open
Importance Lacking social connectedness is associated with broad morbidity. Yet the underlying mechanisms remain obscures, especially given its entanglement with depressive symptoms. Clarifying whether social connectedness confers unique r…
View article: Mindbench.ai: an actionable platform to evaluate the profile and performance of large language models in a mental healthcare context
Mindbench.ai: an actionable platform to evaluate the profile and performance of large language models in a mental healthcare context Open
View article: Pavlovian bias is associated with symptom severity but not diagnostic status in individuals with both anxious and non-anxious depression
Pavlovian bias is associated with symptom severity but not diagnostic status in individuals with both anxious and non-anxious depression Open
Human decision-making favors approach behavior to gain reward and avoidance behavior to prevent punishment. While adaptive in some cases, this Pavlovian bias can also interfere with instrumental motivation, leading to suboptimal decisions.…
View article: Effectiveness of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Protocols on Drug Craving and Consumption/Relapse in Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 208 Clinical Trials and 36 Protocols
Effectiveness of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Protocols on Drug Craving and Consumption/Relapse in Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 208 Clinical Trials and 36 Protocols Open
Background Transcranial Magnetic, Electrical, and Focused-Ultrasound Stimulation (TMS/tES/tFUS) are major noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques used to treat various psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders (SUDs)…
View article: Altered Gastrointestinal Interoception in Anorexia Nervosa Predicts Relapse
Altered Gastrointestinal Interoception in Anorexia Nervosa Predicts Relapse Open
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a deadly psychiatric disorder, yet relapse remains common after weight restoration and no objective tools exist to track recovery. AN involves profound disturbances of gastrointestinal interoception, but no clinica…
View article: Identifying Neural Signatures from fMRI using Hybrid Principal Components Regression
Identifying Neural Signatures from fMRI using Hybrid Principal Components Regression Open
Recent advances in neuroimaging analysis have enabled accurate decoding of mental state from brain activation patterns during functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. A commonly applied tool for this purpose is principal components reg…
View article: Computational Mechanisms of Approach-Avoidance Conflict Predictively Differentiate Between Affective and Substance Use Disorders
Computational Mechanisms of Approach-Avoidance Conflict Predictively Differentiate Between Affective and Substance Use Disorders Open
Psychiatric disorders are highly heterogeneous and often co-morbid, posing specific challenges for effective treatment. Recently, computational modeling has emerged as a promising approach for characterizing sources of this heterogeneity, …
View article: Archived natural DNA samplers reveal four decades of biodiversity change across the tree of life
Archived natural DNA samplers reveal four decades of biodiversity change across the tree of life Open
View article: Longitudinal impacts of family conflict and school environment on youth mental health: An ABCD study
Longitudinal impacts of family conflict and school environment on youth mental health: An ABCD study Open
Background: Adolescence is a critical period for social and emotional development during which these dynamics start to shift, placing them at an increased risk for poor mental health outcomes. Bioecological theory posits that various level…
View article: Posterior cingulate cortex downregulation training using fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with early life adversity exposure: a randomized, single-blind trial
Posterior cingulate cortex downregulation training using fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with early life adversity exposure: a randomized, single-blind trial Open
Early life adversity (ELA) disrupts default mode network (DMN) integrity subserving self-referential processes involved in emotional awareness and regulation. Mindfulness training (MT) reduces self-referential processing and down-regulates…
View article: Prediction of generalized anxiety disorder treatment outcomes with neurobehavioral responses to approach-avoidance conflict: a randomized clinical trial
Prediction of generalized anxiety disorder treatment outcomes with neurobehavioral responses to approach-avoidance conflict: a randomized clinical trial Open
View article: Brain Age Prediction in Generalized Anxiety Disorder using a Convolutional Neural Network
Brain Age Prediction in Generalized Anxiety Disorder using a Convolutional Neural Network Open
Higher predicted brain age difference has been associated with several psychiatric disorders. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with markers of accelerated aging. In this study, we determined brain predicted age difference (…
View article: Polygenic score for C-reactive protein is associated with accelerated cortical thinning and increased psychopathology in adolescents: a population-based longitudinal cohort study.
Polygenic score for C-reactive protein is associated with accelerated cortical thinning and increased psychopathology in adolescents: a population-based longitudinal cohort study. Open
Adolescence is a critical neurodevelopmental window characterized by rapid cortical thinning, during which vulnerability to psychiatric disorders significantly increases. Although increased rates of cortical thinning have been associated w…
View article: Reliability and clinical utility of heroin craving questionnaire factors in treatment-enrolled individuals with opioid use disorder
Reliability and clinical utility of heroin craving questionnaire factors in treatment-enrolled individuals with opioid use disorder Open
Psychometric properties of opioid craving assessments are underexamined, limiting their potential utility for treatment studies of opioid use disorder (OUD). To address this gap, the current study aimed to evaluate the predictive utility o…
View article: Individuals with methamphetamine use disorder show reduced directed exploration and learning rates independent of an aversive interoceptive state induction
Individuals with methamphetamine use disorder show reduced directed exploration and learning rates independent of an aversive interoceptive state induction Open
Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is associated with substantially reduced quality of life. Yet, decisions to use persist, due in part to avoidance of anticipated withdrawal states. However, the specific cognitive mechanisms underlying th…
View article: Computational mechanisms underlying multi-step planning deficits in methamphetamine use disorder
Computational mechanisms underlying multi-step planning deficits in methamphetamine use disorder Open
Current theories suggest individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (iMUDs) have difficulty considering long-term outcomes in decision-making, which could contribute to risk of relapse. Aversive interoceptive states (e.g., stress, withd…
View article: Neurophysiological correlates of neuroanatomical dimensions in major depressive disorder: EEG markers of brain function and treatment outcome
Neurophysiological correlates of neuroanatomical dimensions in major depressive disorder: EEG markers of brain function and treatment outcome Open
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder with variable treatment responses and no established biomarkers for identification or predictors of treatment response. In the COORDINATE-MDD consortium, a data-driven classificat…
View article: Examining measurement discrepancies in adolescent screen media activity with insights from the ABCD study
Examining measurement discrepancies in adolescent screen media activity with insights from the ABCD study Open
View article: Directed exploration is reduced by an aversive interoceptive state induction in healthy individuals but not in those with affective disorders
Directed exploration is reduced by an aversive interoceptive state induction in healthy individuals but not in those with affective disorders Open
Elevated anxiety and uncertainty avoidance are known to exacerbate maladaptive choice in individuals with affective disorders. However, the differential roles of state vs. trait anxiety remain unclear, and underlying computational mechanis…
View article: Encoding of pretrained large language models mirrors the genetic architectures of human psychological traits.
Encoding of pretrained large language models mirrors the genetic architectures of human psychological traits. Open
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have prompted a frenzy in utilizing them as universal translators for biomedical terms. However, the black box nature of LLMs has forced researchers to rely on artificially designed benchmark…
View article: Neuroanatomical dimensions in major depression: external validation and links with cognition, adverse life events, self-harm, metabolomics and genetics
Neuroanatomical dimensions in major depression: external validation and links with cognition, adverse life events, self-harm, metabolomics and genetics Open
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet its diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms alone. Using machine learning applied to deeply phenotyped, medication-free participants with MDD, we identified two …
View article: SARS-CoV-2 infectivity can be modulated through bacterial grooming of the glycocalyx
SARS-CoV-2 infectivity can be modulated through bacterial grooming of the glycocalyx Open
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a site of replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and GI symptoms are often reported by patients. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends upon heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans,…
View article: Reduced neural activation during positive social approach is associated with better response to approach avoidance training for social anxiety disorder
Reduced neural activation during positive social approach is associated with better response to approach avoidance training for social anxiety disorder Open
NCT02136212.
View article: Return on Investment of Enhanced Behavioral Health Services
Return on Investment of Enhanced Behavioral Health Services Open
Importance Employer-sponsored benefit programs aim to increase access to behavioral health care, which may help contain health care costs. However, research has either focused solely on clinical outcomes or demonstrated reductions in medic…
View article: Comparison of Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Total and Astrocyte‐Enriched Extracellular Vesicles From Human Serum and Plasma
Comparison of Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Total and Astrocyte‐Enriched Extracellular Vesicles From Human Serum and Plasma Open
Extracellular vesicles (EV) which play critical roles in intercellular communication, have garnered interest as biomarkers with researchers studying brain‐related disease processes due to their ability to be isolated from various biofluids…
View article: Medication use is associated with distinct microbial features in anxiety and depression
Medication use is associated with distinct microbial features in anxiety and depression Open
This study investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs), specifically anxiety disorder (ANXD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD), as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental D…
View article: Neural activity to reward and loss predicting treatment outcomes for adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial
Neural activity to reward and loss predicting treatment outcomes for adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial Open
Aberrant reward processing has been predominantly associated with depressive disorders, with evidence that pre-treatment abnormalities in striatal reward responsiveness relates to treatment outcomes. Emerging research also implicates rewar…
View article: Increased insular functional connectivity during repetitive negative thinking in major depression and healthy volunteers
Increased insular functional connectivity during repetitive negative thinking in major depression and healthy volunteers Open
Background Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in major depressive disorder (MDD) involves a persistent focus on negative self-related experiences. Resting-state fMRI shows that the functional connectivity (FC) between the anterior insula a…
View article: Computational markers of gastrointestinal interoception predict relapse and symptom severity in anorexia nervosa
Computational markers of gastrointestinal interoception predict relapse and symptom severity in anorexia nervosa Open
View article: Designing Innovative Interventions for Metabolic Neuropsychiatry
Designing Innovative Interventions for Metabolic Neuropsychiatry Open