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View article: Polymerase trapping as mechanism of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus genesis
Polymerase trapping as mechanism of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus genesis Open
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) derive from H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs). Although insertion of a furin-cleavable multibasic cleavage site (MBCS) in the hemagglutinin gene was identified deca…
View article: A vaccine central in A(H5) influenza antigenic space confers broad immunity
A vaccine central in A(H5) influenza antigenic space confers broad immunity Open
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses globally impact wild and domestic birds, and have caused severe infections in mammals, including humans, underscoring their pandemic potential 1–5 . The antigenic evolution of the A(H5) haema…
View article: Isolation of Human Metapneumovirus from clinical specimen in human organoid-derived bronchial cell cultures is superior to isolation in monolayer cell line cultures
Isolation of Human Metapneumovirus from clinical specimen in human organoid-derived bronchial cell cultures is superior to isolation in monolayer cell line cultures Open
Overall, the isolation efficiency of serotype A HMPV was comparable in both models, while isolation of serotype B viruses was profoundly more efficient in the ODB cultures than in Vero-118 cells, suggesting that primary cultures expressing…
View article: The receptor binding properties of H5Nx influenza A viruses have evolved to promiscuously bind to avian-type mucin-like O-glycans
The receptor binding properties of H5Nx influenza A viruses have evolved to promiscuously bind to avian-type mucin-like O-glycans Open
Highly pathogenic H5Nx influenza A viruses are causing unprecedented, season-independent outbreaks across avian and mammalian species, including dairy cattle, a novel reservoir. The sialoside-binding properties of influenza A hemagglutinin…
View article: The role of M2 proteins of pneumoviruses in transcription regulation, prevention of hypermutation, and activation of the type I interferon pathway
The role of M2 proteins of pneumoviruses in transcription regulation, prevention of hypermutation, and activation of the type I interferon pathway Open
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important causative agent of respiratory tract disease. Fundamental knowledge of the interaction between HMPV and the innate immune system could lead to the design of novel antiviral therapies. Previously…
View article: A 2022 avian H5N1 influenza A virus from clade 2.3.4.4b attaches to and replicates better in human respiratory epithelium than a 2005 H5N1 virus from clade 2.3.2.1
A 2022 avian H5N1 influenza A virus from clade 2.3.4.4b attaches to and replicates better in human respiratory epithelium than a 2005 H5N1 virus from clade 2.3.2.1 Open
Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (GsGd) lineage pose significant global risks to wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. Recent cross-species transmission events to mammals, inc…
View article: A vaccine antigen central in influenza A(H5) virus antigenic space confers subtype-wide immunity
A vaccine antigen central in influenza A(H5) virus antigenic space confers subtype-wide immunity Open
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses globally impact wild and domestic birds, and mammals, including humans, underscoring their pandemic potential. The antigenic evolution of the A(H5) hemagglutinin (HA) poses challenges for pan…
View article: Species-specific emergence of H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus is driven by intrahost selection differences between chickens and ducks
Species-specific emergence of H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus is driven by intrahost selection differences between chickens and ducks Open
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause severe hemorrhagic disease in terrestrial poultry and are a threat to the poultry industry, wild life, and human health. HPAIVs arise from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPA…
View article: Transient RNA structures underlie highly pathogenic avian influenza virus genesis
Transient RNA structures underlie highly pathogenic avian influenza virus genesis Open
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause severe disease and high fatality in poultry 1 . They emerge exclusively from H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) 2 . Although insertion of a furin-cleavable mul…
View article: Hemagglutinin Subtype Specificity and Mechanisms of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Genesis
Hemagglutinin Subtype Specificity and Mechanisms of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Genesis Open
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (HPAIVs) arise from low pathogenic precursors following spillover from wild waterfowl into poultry populations. The main virulence determinant of HPAIVs is the presence of a multi-basic cleavage si…
View article: In Silico Analyses of the Role of Codon Usage at the Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site in Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Genesis
In Silico Analyses of the Role of Codon Usage at the Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site in Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Genesis Open
A vast diversity of 16 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes are found in birds. Interestingly, viruses from only two subtypes, H5 and H7, have so far evolved into highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) following insertions or …
View article: Insertions of codons encoding basic amino acids in H7 hemagglutinins of influenza A viruses occur by recombination with RNA at hotspots near snoRNA binding sites
Insertions of codons encoding basic amino acids in H7 hemagglutinins of influenza A viruses occur by recombination with RNA at hotspots near snoRNA binding sites Open
The presence of multiple basic amino acids in the protease cleavage site of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein is the main molecular determinant of virulence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. Recombination of HA RNA with oth…
View article: Insertions of codons encoding basic amino acids in H7 hemagglutinins of influenza A viruses occur by recombination with RNA at hotspots near snoRNA binding sites
Insertions of codons encoding basic amino acids in H7 hemagglutinins of influenza A viruses occur by recombination with RNA at hotspots near snoRNA binding sites Open
The presence of multiple basic amino acids in the protease cleavage site of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein is the main molecular determinant of virulence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. Recombination of HA RNA with oth…
View article: Capture of a Hyena-Specific Retroviral Envelope Gene with Placental Expression Associated in Evolution with the Unique Emergence among Carnivorans of Hemochorial Placentation in Hyaenidae
Capture of a Hyena-Specific Retroviral Envelope Gene with Placental Expression Associated in Evolution with the Unique Emergence among Carnivorans of Hemochorial Placentation in Hyaenidae Open
The placenta is the most diverse organ among mammals, due in part to stochastic capture of retroviral envelope genes. In carnivorans, capture of syncytin-Car1 took place 80 Mya. It is fusogenic, expressed at the syncytialized placental mat…
View article: Identification and Characterization of Two Novel Syncytin-Like Retroviral Envelope Genes, Captured for a Possible role in the Atypical Structure of the Hyena Placenta and in the Emergence of the Non-Mammalian Mabuya Lizard Placenta a
Identification and Characterization of Two Novel Syncytin-Like Retroviral Envelope Genes, Captured for a Possible role in the Atypical Structure of the Hyena Placenta and in the Emergence of the Non-Mammalian Mabuya Lizard Placenta a Open
Syncytins are captured retroviral envelope genes (env) that are essential for the establishment of placental structures in mammals. The syncytins present in different mammalian families are highly diverse, resulting from distinct capture e…