Explanipedia

Replication is Possible, Can Be Relevant, and is Useful in Qualitative Research Open

Matthew C. Makel, Melanie S. Meyer, Mary A. Pei · 2025

In 2022, we argued that replication is relevant to qualitative research. In this manuscript, we update and clarify that idea to make three more specific claims about replication in qualitative research: (1) it is possible, (2) it can be re…

Making a List Requires Checking it Twice: A Call for Empirical Evidence in Characteristics Lists Open

Matthew C. Makel · 2025

Countless characteristics lists have been made to describe gifted children. But what evidence do they have to support them? If such lists are to be useful, they must be appropriately contextualized and grounded in empirical support. Many e…

Qualitative Analysis of Open-ended Responses from Education Researchers on Questionable and Open Research Practices Open

Matthew C. Makel, Sarah A. Caroleo, Melanie S. Meyer, Mary A. Pei, Jesse Irvan Fleming , et al. · 2025

Both questionable (e.g., p-hacking) and open research practices (e.g., preregistration) are prevalent in education research. We sought to understand the explanations given by educational researchers for why either should or should not be u…

Beyond individual studies: A case for team science through systematic replications Open

Matthew C. Makel, Bryan G. Cook, Nan Mu, Sondra M. Stegenga, Vivian C. Wong , et al. · 2024

Making policy decisions based solely on independent studies has limitations. Previous calls for replication and acknowledging effect heterogeneity have generally been unsuccessful. In this essay, we propose team science through systematic …

Millions of Students are (Still) Above Grade Level: Achievement and Achievement Variability in Mathematics and Reading Before and During COVID-19 in the United States Open

Karen Rambo‐Hernandez, Matthew C. Makel, Noah Koehler · 2024

According to Peters et al. (2017), millions of students have already demonstrated they know the material slated to be taught that year. Consequently, grade-level standards are unlikely to be appropriately challenging for these students. In…

Who’s Got Talent for Identifying Talent?: Predictors of Equitable Gifted Identification for Black and Hispanic Students Open

Scott J. Peters, Angela Johnson, Matthew C. Makel, James Carter · 2023

Students who are Black or Hispanic have long been disproportionately underrepresented in K-12 gifted and talented services. However, there are schools that have diverged from this trend by identifying atypically high numbers of Black and H…

Teaching open and reproducible scholarship: a critical review of the evidence base for current pedagogical methods and their outcomes Open

Madeleine Pownall, Flávio Azevedo, Laura M König, Hannah Rachael Slack, Thomas Rhys Evans , et al. · 2023

In recent years, the scientific community has called for improvements in the credibility, robustness and reproducibility of research, characterized by increased interest and promotion of open and transparent research practices. While progr…

The CASA Criteria for Evaluating Gifted and Talented Identification Systems: Cost, Alignment, Sensitivity, and Access Open

Scott J. Peters, Tamra Stambaugh, Matthew C. Makel, Lindsay Ellis Lee, Matthew T. McBee , et al. · 2022

Debates over identification procedures for gifted and talented students dominate the field and serve as the topic of many of its internal and external debates. We believe this is due to a lack of commonly accepted criteria for how to evalu…

Teaching Open and Reproducible Scholarship: A Critical Review of the Evidence Base for Current Pedagogical Methods and their Outcomes Open

Madeleine Pownall, Flávio Azevedo, Laura M König, Hannah Rachael Slack, Thomas Rhys Evans , et al. · 2022

In recent years, the scientific community has called for improvements in the credibility, robustness, and reproducibility of research, characterized by increased interest and promotion of open and transparent research practices. While prog…

Embedding open and reproducible science into teaching: A bank of lesson plans and resources. Open

Madeleine Pownall, Flávio Azevedo, Alaa Aldoh, Mahmoud Medhat Elsherif, Martin R. Vasilev , et al. · 2021

Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on embedding open and reproducible approaches into research. One essential step in accomplishing this larger goal is to embed such practices into undergraduate and postgraduate research training.…

Decision letter for "That's a Lot to Process! Pitfalls of Popular Path Models" Open

William E. Davis, Roger Giner‐Sorolla, David Lindsay, Jessica P. Lougheed, Matthew C. Makel , et al. · 2021

More and more psychological researchers have come to appreciate the perils of common but poorly justified research practices, and are rethinking commonly held standards for evaluating research.As this methodological reform expresses itself…

Review for "That's a Lot to Process! Pitfalls of Popular Path Models" Open

William E. Davis, Roger Giner‐Sorolla, David Lindsay, Jessica P. Lougheed, Matthew C. Makel , et al. · 2021

More and more psychological researchers have come to appreciate the perils of common but poorly justified research practices, and are rethinking commonly held standards for evaluating research.As this methodological reform expresses itself…

Most Mathematics Classrooms Contain Wide-Ranging Achievement Levels Open

Blaine Pedersen, Matthew C. Makel, Karen Rambo‐Hernandez, Scott J. Peters, Jonathan A. Plucker · 2021

Using TIMSS 2019 mathematics data, we investigated the variance in achievement within U.S. fourth and eighth-grade classrooms. Approximately 23% of students in a typical grade four classroom are expected to score at or below the low benchm…

Embedding open and reproducible science into teaching: A bank of lesson plans and resources Open

Madeleine Pownall, Flávio Azevedo, Alaa Aldoh, Mahmoud Medhat Elsherif, Martin R. Vasilev , et al. · 2021

[Note: This paper is in press at Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology]. Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on embedding open and reproducible approaches into research. One essential step in accomplishing this larger …

Assessment of Creativity Open

Jonathan A. Plucker, Matthew C. Makel, Meihua Qian · 2021

This textbook is a systematic and straightforward introduction to the interdisciplinary study of creativity. Each chapter is written by one or more of the world's experts and features the latest research developments, alongside foundationa…

Replication is important for educational psychology: Recent developments and key issues Open

Jonathan A. Plucker, Matthew C. Makel · 2021

Replication is a key activity in scientific endeavors. Yet explicit replications are rare in many fields, including education and psychology. In this article, we discuss the relevance and value of replication in educational psychology and …

Reflections on the Registered Report Process for “Effect of Local Norms on Racial and Ethnic Representation in Gifted Education” Open

Scott J. Peters, Karen Rambo‐Hernandez, Matthew C. Makel, Michael S. Matthews, Jonathan A. Plucker · 2020

Local Norms for Gifted and Talented Student Identification: Everything you Need to Know Open

Scott J. Peters, Matthew C. Makel, Karen Rambo‐Hernandez · 2020

Conversations over who should be identified as “gifted” continue perpetually both within the field and in the popular media. In this paper, we focus on the use of local norms as one approach to gifted identification that can increase the e…

Both Questionable and Open Research Practices are Prevalent in Education Research Open

Matthew C. Makel, Jaret Hodges, Bryan G. Cook, Jonathan A. Plucker · 2019

Concerns about the conduct of research are pervasive in many fields, including education. In this preregistered study, we replicated and extended previous studies from other fields by asking education researchers about 10 questionable rese…

Seven Easy Steps to Open Science Open

Sophia Crüwell, Johnny van Doorn, Alexander Etz, Matthew C. Makel, Hannah Moshontz , et al. · 2019

The open science movement is rapidly changing the scientific landscape. Because exact definitions are often lacking and reforms are constantly evolving, accessible guides to open science are needed. This paper provides an introduction to o…

A Path to Greater Credibility: Large-Scale Collaborative Education Research Open

Matthew C. Makel, Kendal N. Smith, Matthew T. McBee, Scott J. Peters, Erin Miller · 2019

Concerns about the replication crisis and unreliable findings have spread through several fields, including education and psychological research. In some areas of education, researchers have begun to adopt reforms that have proven useful i…

Proposal to NSF 19-565 to Create a STEM Education Research Hub Open

Brian A. Nosek, Lucy Ofiesh, Fielding L. Grasty, Nicole Pfeiffer, David Thomas Mellor , et al. · 2019

The Center for Open Science (COS) will create an ECR Data Resource Hub to facilitate rigorous and reproducible research practices such as data sharing and study registration. The Hub will integrate training materials, infrastructure, commu…

Effect of Local Norms on Racial and Ethnic Representation in Gifted Education Open

Scott J. Peters, Karen Rambo‐Hernandez, Matthew C. Makel, Michael S. Matthews, Jonathan A. Plucker · 2019

Educators have sought to understand and address the disproportional representation of students from certain student subgroups in gifted education. Most gifted identification decisions are made with national comparisons where students must …

8 Easy Steps to Open Science: An Annotated Reading List (To Give to your busy Supervisor/Office Mate) Open

Sophia Crüwell, Johnny van Doorn, Alexander Etz, Matthew C. Makel, Hannah Moshontz , et al. · 2019

Background: “Open Science” is an umbrella term used to refer to the concepts of openness, transparency, rigour, reproducibility, replicability, and accumulation of knowledge, which are considered fundamental features of science. In recent …

A Roadmap for Transparent Research in Special Education and Related Disciplines Open

Jill L. Adelson, Erin E. Barton, Catherine P. Bradshaw, Brian R. Bryant, Diane Pedrotty Bryant , et al. · 2019

In this manuscript, we (a) briefly describe proposed open-science practices to increase transparency of research in special education and related disciplines, and (b) provide recommendations for research funders, professional societies, jo…

A Roadmap for Transparent Research in Special Education and Related Disciplines Open

Jill L. Adelson, Erin E. Barton, Catherine P. Bradshaw, Brian R. Bryant, Diane Pedrotty Bryant , et al. · 2019

In this manuscript, we (a) briefly describe proposed open-science practices to increase transparency of research in special education and related disciplines, and (b) provide recommendations for research funders, professional societies, jo…

Improving Research in Educational Psychology, Psychology, and the Social Sciences Open

Kendal N. Smith, Matthew C. Makel, Jonathan A. Plucker · 2019

The past half-decade has seen the applied sciences in the throes of acute growing pains. In what has become known as the replication crisis, widespread failures to replicate prior findings have shaken several fields, including medicine, ps…

Open Science: A Candid Conversation Open

Kendal N. Smith, Matthew C. Makel · 2019

In response to concerns about the credibility of many published research findings, open science reforms such as preregistration, data sharing, and alternative forms of publication are being increasingly adopted across scientific communitie…

The Quantitative Implications of Definitions of Giftedness Open

Matthew T. McBee, Matthew C. Makel · 2019

Educational psychology is replete with verbal or qualitative definitions through which students can be considered members of categories, such as learning disabled, autistic, or gifted. These conceptions carry quantitative implications rega…

7 Easy Steps to Open Science: An Annotated Reading List Open

Sophia Crüwell, Johnny van Doorn, Alexander Etz, Matthew C. Makel, Hannah Moshontz , et al. · 2018

The Open Science movement is rapidly changing the scientific landscape. Because exact definitions are often lacking and reforms are constantly evolving, accessible guides to open science are needed. This paper provides an introduction to o…

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