Matthew Toohey
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View article: Using reduced-complexity volcanic aerosol and climate models to produce large ensemble simulations of Holocene temperature
Using reduced-complexity volcanic aerosol and climate models to produce large ensemble simulations of Holocene temperature Open
Volcanic eruptions are one of the most important drivers of climate variability, but climate model simulations typically show stronger surface cooling than proxy-based reconstructions. Uncertainties associated with eruption source paramete…
View article: The role of submarine volcanism in atmospheric chemistry
The role of submarine volcanism in atmospheric chemistry Open
View article: Stratospheric aerosol forcing for CMIP7 (part 1): Optical properties for pre-industrial, historical, and scenario simulations (version 2.2.1)
Stratospheric aerosol forcing for CMIP7 (part 1): Optical properties for pre-industrial, historical, and scenario simulations (version 2.2.1) Open
Stratospheric aerosols, most of which originate from explosive volcanic sulfur emissions into the stratosphere, are a key natural driver of climate variability. They are thus a forcing provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project …
View article: The sensitivity of EC-Earth3 decadal predictions to the choice of volcanic forcing dataset: insights for the next major eruption
The sensitivity of EC-Earth3 decadal predictions to the choice of volcanic forcing dataset: insights for the next major eruption Open
Large volcanic eruptions can have significant impacts on climate. Due to their unpredictable nature, when a major volcanic eruption occurs, decadal forecasts issued prior to the eruption will be inaccurate. Consequently, new decadal foreca…
View article: Stratospheric Injection Lifetimes
Stratospheric Injection Lifetimes Open
Material injected to the stratosphere by volcanoes and pyrocumulonimbus clouds (pyroCbs) is observed to have different lifetimes depending on the altitude, latitude, season of the injection, and removal processes. We adopt a framework that…
View article: Reply on CC1
Reply on CC1 Open
View article: Reply on RC1
Reply on RC1 Open
View article: The High-Altitude Aerosols, Water Vapor, and Clouds Mission: Concept, Scientific Objectives, and Data Products
The High-Altitude Aerosols, Water Vapor, and Clouds Mission: Concept, Scientific Objectives, and Data Products Open
The High-Altitude Aerosols, Water Vapor, and Clouds (HAWC) mission is an observing system, with a planned launch around 2031, that is being developed by the Canadian Space Agency to provide collocated global measurements of aerosols, water…
View article: Indirect climate impacts of the Hunga eruption
Indirect climate impacts of the Hunga eruption Open
Injection of sulfur and water vapour by the Hunga volcanic eruption significantly altered chemical composition and radiative budget of the stratosphere. Yet, whether the eruption could also affect surface climate, especially via indirect p…
View article: Supplementary material to "Indirect climate impacts of the Hunga eruption"
Supplementary material to "Indirect climate impacts of the Hunga eruption" Open
View article: Stratospheric residence time and the lifetime of volcanic stratospheric aerosols
Stratospheric residence time and the lifetime of volcanic stratospheric aerosols Open
The amount of time that volcanic aerosols spend in the stratosphere is one of the primary factors influencing the climate impact of volcanic eruptions. Stratospheric aerosol persistence has been described in different ways, with many works…
View article: The sensitivity of EC-Earth3 decadal predictions to the choice of volcanic forcing dataset: Insights for the next major eruption
The sensitivity of EC-Earth3 decadal predictions to the choice of volcanic forcing dataset: Insights for the next major eruption Open
Large volcanic eruptions can have significant climatic impacts. Due to their unpredictable nature, such eruptions can render operational decadal forecasts inaccurate. To benefit from the strong climate signals they exert, which enhance cli…
View article: Dynamic treeline and cryosphere response to pronounced mid-Holocene climatic variability in the US Rocky Mountains
Dynamic treeline and cryosphere response to pronounced mid-Holocene climatic variability in the US Rocky Mountains Open
Climate-driven changes in high-elevation forest distribution and reductions in snow and ice cover have major implications for ecosystems and global water security. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem of the Rocky Mountains (United States)…
View article: Preliminary Editor Comment on egusphere-2024-3525
Preliminary Editor Comment on egusphere-2024-3525 Open
View article: Using reduced-complexity volcanic aerosol and climate models to produce large ensemble simulations of Holocene temperature
Using reduced-complexity volcanic aerosol and climate models to produce large ensemble simulations of Holocene temperature Open
Volcanic eruptions are one of the most important drivers of climate variability, but climate model simulations typically show stronger surface cooling than proxy-based reconstructions. Uncertainties associated with eruption source paramete…
View article: Supplementary material to "Using reduced-complexity volcanic aerosol and climate models to produce large ensemble simulations of Holocene temperature"
Supplementary material to "Using reduced-complexity volcanic aerosol and climate models to produce large ensemble simulations of Holocene temperature" Open
View article: Comment on egusphere-2024-2400
Comment on egusphere-2024-2400 Open
View article: Assessment of ACE-MAESTRO v3.13 multi-wavelength stratospheric aerosol extinction measurements
Assessment of ACE-MAESTRO v3.13 multi-wavelength stratospheric aerosol extinction measurements Open
The Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (MAESTRO) instrument on the SCISAT satellite provides aerosol extinction measurements in multiple solar wavelength bands. In this study, we …
View article: Stratospheric residence time and the lifetime of volcanic stratospheric aerosols
Stratospheric residence time and the lifetime of volcanic stratospheric aerosols Open
The amount of time that volcanic aerosols spend in the stratosphere is one of the primary factors influencing the climate impact of volcanic eruptions. Stratospheric aerosol persistence has been described in different ways, with many works…
View article: Decadal Prediction Centers Prepare for a Major Volcanic Eruption
Decadal Prediction Centers Prepare for a Major Volcanic Eruption Open
The World Meteorological Organization’s Lead Centre for Annual-to-Decadal Climate Prediction issues operational forecasts annually as guidance for regional climate centers, climate outlook forums, and national meteorological and hydrologic…
View article: Why does stratospheric aerosol forcing strongly cool the warm pool?
Why does stratospheric aerosol forcing strongly cool the warm pool? Open
Previous research has shown that stratospheric aerosol causes only a small temperature change per unit forcing because they produce stronger cooling in the tropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean than in the global mean. The en…
View article: Initial atmospheric conditions control transport of volcanic volatiles, forcing and impacts
Initial atmospheric conditions control transport of volcanic volatiles, forcing and impacts Open
Volcanic eruptions impact the climate and environment. The volcanic forcing is determined by eruption source parameters, including the mass and composition of volcanic volatiles, eruption season, eruption latitude, and injection altitude. …
View article: Comment on egusphere-2024-335
Comment on egusphere-2024-335 Open
Abstract. A new set of standalone parameterizations is presented for simulating the injection, evolution, and radiative forcing by stratospheric volcanic aerosols against an idealized Held-Suarez-Williamson atmospheric bac…
View article: Why do sun-blocking drops high up in the air cool down the world less than we would expect?
Why do sun-blocking drops high up in the air cool down the world less than we would expect? Open
Some large rocks can burst out and put fire and smoke into the air, and I will call them fire rocks. Sometimes, the fire rocks also give off little drops in the higher part of the air, which stay there for a few years. Sun light has a hard…
View article: Stratospheric residence time and the lifetime of volcanic stratospheric aerosols
Stratospheric residence time and the lifetime of volcanic stratospheric aerosols Open
The amount of time that volcanic aerosols spend in the stratosphere is one of the primary factors influencing the climate impact of volcanic eruptions. Descriptions of stratospheric aerosol persistence vary, with many works quoting an appr…
View article: Exact timing, sulfur spread and global climate footprint of the caldera-forming Mt. Mazama eruption, the largest volcanic eruption of the Holocene.
Exact timing, sulfur spread and global climate footprint of the caldera-forming Mt. Mazama eruption, the largest volcanic eruption of the Holocene. Open
Large volcanic eruptions are key time markers in paleoclimatology because they inject large quantities of volcanic fallout (such as sulfuric acids and tephra) into the atmosphere which is then widely distributed and deposited in environmen…
View article: Why does stratospheric aerosol forcing strongly cool the warm pool?
Why does stratospheric aerosol forcing strongly cool the warm pool? Open
Stratospheric aerosol forcing causes only a small global-mean temperature change compared to CO2 forcing of equal magnitude. It has been shown that the dampened temperature response to aerosol forcing originates from enhanced surface tempe…
View article: Easy Volcanic Aerosol version 2: progress toward an updated volcanic aerosol forcing generator
Easy Volcanic Aerosol version 2: progress toward an updated volcanic aerosol forcing generator Open
The Easy Volcanic Aerosol (EVA) family of simple models offers an approach to the generation of stratospheric aerosol fields from estimates of volcanic emissions. EVA takes as input a time series of volcanic eruption data, including the ma…
View article: Historical volcanic sulfur emissions and stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical properties for CMIP7
Historical volcanic sulfur emissions and stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical properties for CMIP7 Open
Explosive volcanic eruptions injecting gases and aerosols into the stratosphere are a key natural driver of climate variability at annual to centennial timescales. They are thus one of the forcings considered by the Coupled Model Intercomp…
View article: PalVol v1: a proxy-based semi-stochastic ensemble reconstruction of volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection for the last glacial cycle (140 000–50 BP)
PalVol v1: a proxy-based semi-stochastic ensemble reconstruction of volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection for the last glacial cycle (140 000–50 BP) Open
Perturbations in stratospheric aerosol due to explosive volcanic eruptions are a primary contributor to natural climate variability. Observations of stratospheric aerosol are available for the past decades, and information from ice cores h…