Explanipedia

High-throughput numerical exploration of preheating and sintering in electron beam powder bed fusion Open

Jonas Böhm, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2025

Spot Melting Strategy for Contour Melting in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Open

T. Kupfer, Lukas Spano, S. POHL, Carolin Körner, Matthias Markl · 2025

Spot melting is an emerging alternative to traditional line melting in electron beam powder bed fusion, dividing a layer into thousands of individual spots. This method allows for an almost infinite number of spot arrangements and spot mel…

Spot melting sequences for complex geometries in electron beam powder bed fusion Open

T. Kupfer, Stefan Leimbach, Lukas Spano, S. POHL, Carolin Körner , et al. · 2025

Spot melting in electron beam powder bed fusion is a current research focus. This method exploits the ability of the electron beam to jump almost instantaneously between individual spots. This leads to an immense freedom in scan strategy d…

Simulation-driven development of in-situ alloying Cu-25Cr by electron beam powder bed fusion Open

Robert Scherr, Tobias Hirschfelder, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2025

Processing Strategies for Electron Beam Based Powder Bed Fusion Open

Christoph Breuning, Jakob Renner, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2025

Electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) is an additive manufacturing process that uses a high-energy electron beam for the local consolidation of metal powder.

Mesoscopic Modeling and Simulation of Properties of Additively Manufactured Metallic Parts Open

Zerong Yang, Ludwig Herrnböck, Matthias Markl, Julia Mergheim, Paul Steinmann , et al. · 2025

The conventional process development for powder bed fusion (PBF) processes targets the manufacturing of defect-free parts, e.g., with low porosity, no layer binding faults and cracks, or high dimensional accuracy. These topics are addresse…

Introduction to Powder and Beam Based Additive Manufacturing Open

Andreas Jaksch, Simon Cholewa, Dominic Bartels, Matthias Markl, Dietmar Drummer · 2025

This chapter briefly describes the field of Additive Manufacturing, its benefits, and its applications. Furthermore, the used processes are introduced and explained.

Correction: A Scan Strategy Based Compensation of Cumulative Heating Effects in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Open

Christoph Breuning, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2024

A Scan Strategy Based Compensation of Cumulative Heating Effects in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Open

Christoph Breuning, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2024

The fabrication of complex geometries with uniform material properties in electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) remains a major challenge. Local material properties in PBF-EB are determined by the local thermal conditions and the spatio…

Effect of Scanning Strategies on Grain Structure and Texture of Additively Manufactured Lattice Struts: A Numerical Exploration Open

Zerong Yang, Johannes A. Koepf, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2024

Effect of Scanning Strategies on Grain Structure and Texture of Additively Manufactured Lattice Struts: A Numerical Exploration Open

Zerong Yang, Johannes A. Koepf, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2024

Electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF‐EB) is a promising technology for fabricating complex parts with near‐net‐shape precision. Moreover, PBF‐EB offers a unique opportunity to tailor the microstructure, thereby tuning local mechanical prop…

Progress in electron beam additive manufacturing Open

Matthias Markl, Bianca Maria Colosimo, Carolin Körner · 2024

Graph-based spot melting sequence for electron beam powder bed fusion Open

T. Kupfer, Christoph Breuning, Matthias Markl · 2024

Powder bed fusion processes are nowadays able to manufacture parts with a high geometric complexity. However, it is still challenging to realize these complex geometries defect-free as well as with homogeneous properties using classic line…

A new approach of preheating and powder sintering in electron beam powder bed fusion Open

Jonas Böhm, Christoph Breuning, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2024

Preheating is an essential process step in electron beam powder bed fusion. It has the purpose of establishing a sintered powder bed and maintaining an elevated temperature. The sintered powder bed reduces the risk of smoke and in combinat…

In situ build surface topography determination in electron beam powder bed fusion Open

Jakob Renner, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2024

Electron optical imaging is the most promising process monitoring method in electron beam powder bed fusion. State of the art in modern machines is the installation of a single detector in the top center of the build chamber. Exemplary app…

Extracting powder bed features via electron optical images during electron beam powder bed fusion Open

Matthias Markl, Mohammad Reza Azadi Tinat, Timo Berger, Jakob Renner, Carolin Körner · 2024

Electron beam powder bed fusion offers the unique opportunity to observe the process by measuring scattered electrons on a metal detector. This technique is the state of the art in generating electron optical images of the build area after…

A CALPHAD-Informed Enthalpy Method for Multicomponent Alloy Systems with Phase Transitions Open

Robert Scherr, Philipp Liepold, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2024

Solid–liquid phase transitions of metals and alloys play an important role in many technical processes. Therefore, corresponding numerical process simulations need adequate models. The enthalpy method is the current state-of-the-art approa…

Comprehensive numerical investigation of laser powder bed fusion process conditions for bulk metallic glasses Open

Zerong Yang, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2024

The successful application of laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) for fabricating bulk metallic glass (BMG) parts heavily relies on the development of effective process strategies. An optimal process strategy for BMGs is required to go beyo…

Numerical Microstructure Prediction for Lattice Structures Manufactured by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Open

Johannes A. Koepf, Julian Pistor, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2024

The latest advances in additive manufacturing have given rise to an increasing interest in additively built lattice structures due to their superior properties compared to foams and honeycombs. The foundation of these superior properties i…

A thermo-mechanical model for hot cracking susceptibility in electron beam powder bed fusion of Ni-base superalloys Open

Benjamin Wahlmann, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2023

Hot cracking is a major challenge in the additive manufacturing of Ni-base superalloys. Most cracking indicators only consider the alloy composition and its effects on solidification behavior, strength, and ductility. We propose a new mode…

A return time compensation scheme for complex geometries in electron beam powder bed fusion Open

Christoph Breuning, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2023

The defect-free fabrication of complex geometries with homogeneous properties using line-based hatching strategies remains a major challenge in electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB). Open PBF-EB machines enable the development of new sc…

High-Throughput Numerical Investigation of Process Parameter-Melt Pool Relationships in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Open

Christoph Breuning, Jonas Böhm, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2023

The reliable and repeatable fabrication of complex geometries with predetermined homogeneous properties is still a major challenge in electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB). Although previous research identified a variety of process para…

Evaluation of Additively-Manufactured Internal Geometrical Features Using X-ray-Computed Tomography Open

Benjamin Baumgärtner, Richard Rothfelder, Sandra Greiner, Christoph Breuning, Jakob Renner , et al. · 2023

X-ray-computed tomography (CT) is today’s gold standard for the non-destructive evaluation of internal component defects such as cracks and porosity. Using automated standardized evaluation algorithms, an analysis can be performed without …

A Ray Tracing Model for Electron Optical Imaging in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Open

Jakob Renner, Julian Grund, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2023

The recent success of the process monitoring method Electron Optical Imaging, applied in the additive manufacturing process Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion, necessitates a clear understanding of the underlying image formation process. Newl…

Geometrical Influence on Material Properties for Ti6Al4V Parts in Powder Bed Fusion Open

Florian Nahr, Michael Rasch, Christian Burkhardt, Jakob Renner, Benjamin Baumgärtner , et al. · 2023

One major advantage of additive manufacturing is the high freedom of design, which supports the fabrication of complex structures. However, geometrical features such as combined massive volumes and cellular structures in such parts can lea…

A Thermo-Mechanical Model for Hot Cracking Susceptibility in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion of Ni-Base Superalloys Open

Benjamin Wahlmann, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2023

SAMPLE3D: A Versatile Numerical Tool for Investigating Texture and Grain Structure of Materials Processed by PBF Processes Open

Zhijun Yang, Y. Kuesters, Ruslan Logvinov, Matthias Markl, C. Kömer · 2023

Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) not only enables the fabrication of metal parts with complex geometries in near-net-shape, but also offers the potential to tailor the microstructure and, consequently, the mechanical properties of the final product…

Numerical Design of CoNi-Base Superalloys With Improved Casting Structure Open

Benjamin Wahlmann, Jakob Bandorf, Nicklas Volz, Andreas Förner, Johannes Pröbstle , et al. · 2022

Numerical methods can accelerate the design of alloys with improved material properties. One approach is the coupling of multi-criteria optimization with CALPHAD-based models of alloy properties. While this technique has already yielded pr…

Modeling Laser Beam Absorption of Metal Alloys at High Temperatures for Selective Laser Melting Open

Zerong Yang, A. Bauereiß, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2022

Adv. Eng. Mater. 2021, 23, 2100137 10.1002/adem.202100137 After publication of the original article it came to the authors’ attention that there is a mistake in Equation (9), the “cos” should be “sin”.

Surface topographies from electron optical images in electron beam powder bed fusion for process monitoring and control Open

Jakob Renner, Christoph Breuning, Matthias Markl, Carolin Körner · 2022

Electron optical imaging is a process monitoring method in electron beam powder bed fusion, which enables porosity detection in situ for every layer of a part. The two main defect types occurring in a build process are porosity, due to ins…

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