Explanipedia

Economic evaluation of delaying the infant hepatitis B vaccination schedule Open

Eric W. Hall, Prabhu Gounder, Heather Bradley, Noele P. Nelson · 2025

Introduction Children who acquire hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in early childhood through perinatal, household or community exposures are at highest risk of all age groups for experiencing chronic infection and premature death. Univer…

Project HCV Connect: Using a County Surveillance Registry to Link Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Residents to Cure—Los Angeles County, April 2023 to March 2024 Open

Chrysovalantis Stafylis, Cassidy Hernandez-Tamayo, Lokesh Bhardwaj, Ravi V. Shah, Tatiana Becerra , et al. · 2025

Los Angeles County has a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but resources and infrastructure to notify and increase treatment uptake among county residents are absent. Through an innovative academic-public partne…

Notes from the Field: Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response — Los Angeles County, March 2024–June 2024 Open

Jordan B. Braunfeld, Bonnie L. Dao, Justin Rene Buendia, Raiza Amiling, Cierra LeBlanc , et al. · 2025

P-1955. Trends in Skilled Nursing Facility Outbreak Characteristics by Prevalent SARS-CoV-2 Variant - Los Angeles County, July 2020 - January 2024 Open

B O’Shea, Amanda Neikirk, Israa Khanqadri, Camellia Babaie, Zachary Rubin , et al. · 2025

Background Los Angeles County (LAC) skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) experienced recurrent COVID-19 surges coinciding with the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. The impact of new SARS-CoV-2 variants on SNF outbreaks relative to other …

Hepatitis C Treatment Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Primary Care Providers—Los Angeles County, 2023 Open

Kristin S. Loomis, Debika Bhattacharya, Raiza Amiling, Mirna Ponce-Jewel, Michael E. Lazarus , et al. · 2025

Expected vs Reported Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Cases in Persons with Active Tuberculosis – California, 2016-2020 Open

J Bradford Bertumen, Lisa Pascopella, Emily Han, Rosie Glenn-Finer, Robert J. Wong , et al. · 2024

Epidemiologic data regarding persons with active tuberculosis (TB) and chronic hepatitis B virus (cHBV) infection are limited because of lack of routine surveillance of cHBV in persons with TB. Potential underdiagnosis of cHBV in Californi…

Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection—California, 2016–2020 Open

J Bradford Bertumen, Lisa Pascopella, Emily Han, Rosie Glenn-Finer, Robert J. Wong , et al. · 2024

Background Improved epidemiologic and treatment data for active tuberculosis (TB) with chronic hepatitis B virus (cHBV) infection might inform and encourage screening and vaccination programs focused on persons at risk of having both condi…

Hepatitis C virus outbreak at a pain clinic in Los Angeles Open

Jemma Alarcón, Bonnie L. Dao, Marita Santos, Mirna Ponce Jewell, Christina Donabedian , et al. · 2024

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Upper airways colonisation of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults aged 60 years and older: A systematic review of prevalence and individual participant data meta-analysis of risk factors Open

Emma Smith, India Wheeler, Hugh Adler, Daniela M. Ferreira, Raquel Sá‐Leão , et al. · 2023

Background: Colonisation with Streptococcus pneumoniae can lead to invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia. Pneumococcal acquisition and prevalence of colonisation are high in children. In older adults, a population susceptible to pneu…

Notes from the Field: Influenza A(H3N2) Outbreak Following a School Event — Los Angeles, California, March 2022 Open

Lello Tesema, Dominique Sullivan, Marifi Pulido, Elizabeth Traub, J.M. Escobar , et al. · 2022

Declines in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Los Angeles county Open

Karinne M. Van Groningen, Bonnie L Dao, Prabhu Gounder · 2022

906. Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Severe Outcomes in a Large Integrated Healthcare System - 2008-2019 Open

Ana Florea, Prabhu Gounder, Amandeep Sahota, Katherine J Pak, Vennis Hong , et al. · 2021

Background It is estimated that there are 1.59 million cases of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB) in the United States. HBV infection is highest among men and non-Hispanic Asian adults. CHB can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis…

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak among vaccinated staff and residents at a skilled nursing facility in Los Angeles County Open

Prabhu Gounder, Mona R. Saint, Cesar A. Larios, Nicole J. Fountas, Patrick Tran , et al. · 2021

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SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Hospitalizations Among Persons Aged ≥16 Years, by Vaccination Status — Los Angeles County, California, May 1–July 25, 2021 Open

Jennifer Griffin, Meredith Haddix, Phoebe Danza, Rebecca Fisher, Tae Hee Koo , et al. · 2021

COVID-19 vaccines fully approved or currently authorized for use through Emergency Use Authorization from the Food and Drug Administration are critical tools for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic; however, even with highly effective vaccin…

Incidentally Detected SARS‐COV‐2 Among Hospitalized Patients in Los Angeles County, August to October 2020 Open

Jennifer Tsai, Elizabeth Traub, Kymberly Aoki, Kelsey OYong, Heidi Sato , et al. · 2021

We aimed to determine the percentage of COVID‐19–associated hospitalizations reported to Los Angeles County (LAC) Public Health that might have been misclassified because of incidentally detected SARS‐CoV‐2. We retrospectively reviewed med…

Hepatitis A Virus Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men — Eight U.S. States, 2017–2018 Open

Monique A. Foster, Megan G. Hofmeister, Justin Albertson, Kerri Brown, Alexis Burakoff , et al. · 2021

During 1995-2011, the overall incidence of hepatitis A decreased by 95% in the United States from 12 cases per 100,000 population during 1995 to 0.4 cases per 100,000 population during 2011, and then plateaued during 2012─2015. The inciden…

Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Skilled Nursing Facility Residents and Staff Members—Los Angeles County, August–September 2020 Open

Jason H. Malenfant, Michelle Eslami, Bonnie L Dao, Leo Moore, Nicole Green , et al. · 2021

Background The prevalence of current or past coronavirus disease 2019 in skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents is unknown because of asymptomatic infection and constrained testing capacity early in the pandemic. We conducted a seropreva…

Optimal uses of pooled testing for COVID‐19 incorporating imperfect test performance and pool dilution effect: An application to congregate settings in Los Angeles County Open

Roch A. Nianogo, I.O. Emeruwa, Prabhu Gounder, Vladimir Manuel, Nathaniel Anderson , et al. · 2021

Introduction Pooled testing is a potentially efficient alternative strategy for COVID‐19 testing in congregate settings. We evaluated the utility and cost‐savings of pooled testing based on imperfect test performance and potential dilution…

Investigation of a Suspect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and Influenza A Mixed Outbreak: Lessons Learned for Long-Term Care Facilities Nationwide Open

Caroline A. Schrodt, Jason H. Malenfant, Jennifer C. Hunter, Kara Jacobs Slifka, Angela P. Campbell , et al. · 2021

A suspected outbreak of influenza A and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at a long-term care facility in Los Angeles County was, months later, determined to not involve influenza. To prevent inadvertent transmis…

Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States Open

Rachel M. Burke, Sharon Balter, Emily Barnes, Vaughn Barry, Karri Bartlett , et al. · 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. In response to the first cases identif…

Vaccination Status of Alaska Native Persons With Hepatitis A Virus Infection—Alaska, 1996–2018 Open

Ian D. Plumb, Prabhu Gounder, Leisha D. Nolen, Stephanie Massay, Louisa Castrodale , et al. · 2020

Following increases in reported cases of hepatitis A, we assessed the impact of hepatitis A vaccine in Alaska Native persons. During 1996–2018, only 6 cases of hepatitis A were identified, all in unvaccinated adults. Populations can be pro…

Use of Molecular Epidemiology to Inform Response to a Hepatitis A Outbreak — Los Angeles County, California, October 2018–April 2019 Open

Meredith Haddix, Rachel Civen, Jill K. Hacker, Will Probert, Sarah New , et al. · 2020

Los Angeles County comprises 4,058 square miles and is home to approximately 10 million residents (1), an estimated 59,000 (0.6%) of whom experience homelessness on a given night (2). In late 2018, Los Angeles County Department of Public H…

Upper airways colonisation of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults aged 60 years and older: A systematic review of prevalence and individual participant data meta-analysis of risk factors Open

Emma Smith, India Wheeler, Hugh Adler, Daniela M. Ferreira, Raquel Sá‐Leão , et al. · 2020

No funding was required.

Enhanced Contact Investigations for Nine Early Travel-Related Cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States Open

Rachel M. Burke, Sharon Balter, Emily Barnes, Vaughn Barry, Karri Bartlett , et al. · 2020

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. As part of initial resp…

Community Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Patients With Influenzalike Illnesses Presenting to a Los Angeles Medical Center in March 2020 Open

Brad Spellberg, Meredith Haddix, Rebecca Lee, Susan M. Butler‐Wu, Paul Holtom , et al. · 2020

This study characterizes the prevalence of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among patients presenting with influenzalike illness who underwent…

First 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States Open

Stephanie Kujawski, Karen K. Wong, Jennifer P. Collins, Lauren Epstein, Marie E. Killerby , et al. · 2020

Introduction More than 93,000 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been reported worldwide. We describe the epidemiology, clinical course, and virologic characteristics of the first 12 U.S. patients with COVID-19. Methods We collec…

Noninterruptive Clinical Decision Support Decreases Ordering of Respiratory Viral Panels during Influenza Season Open

Cameron Escovedo, Douglas S. Bell, Eric M. Cheng, Omai B. Garner, Alyssa Ziman , et al. · 2020

Objective A growing body of evidence suggests that testing for influenza virus alone is more appropriate than multiplex respiratory viral panel (RVP) testing for general populations of patients with respiratory tract infections. We aimed t…

WITHDRAWN: The next frontier: universal hepatitis C virus screening in pregnant women Open

Sammy Saab, Ravina Kullar, Christina Amini, Prabhu Gounder · 2020

2317. Excess Influenza-Attributable Mortality in Los Angeles County (LAC) for the 2013–2014 Through 2017–2018 Seasons Open

Elizabeth Traub, Louise Rollin, Prabhu Gounder · 2019

Background Deaths caused by seasonal influenza are impossible to measure directly and are typically estimated using statistical models. We applied a previously developed model to Los Angeles County (LAC) data for the 2013–2014 through 2017…

284. Using Epidemiologic Investigation and Viral Sequencing to Describe and Provide Public Health Response to an Outbreak (OB) of Acute Hepatitis A Virus Infection (HAV) in the San Fernando Valley (SFV), California Open

Rachel Civen, Meridith Haddix, Shiarron Baker, Prabhu Gounder · 2019

Background California (CA) experienced a large hepatitis A OB in 2017–2018 associated with genotype IB strains, primarily among persons experiencing homelessness and/or using drugs. In October and November 2018, we identified a cluster of …

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