Melanie J. Scott
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View article: Caspase-11 regulates systemic inflammation and cell death in a cell-specific manner after trauma with shock
Caspase-11 regulates systemic inflammation and cell death in a cell-specific manner after trauma with shock Open
Severe trauma releases damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which activate the immune system via pattern recognition receptors. This triggers inflammatory cascades that can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome, immunosu…
View article: Does compulsory community treatment for discharged forensic hospital patients work? The recent evidence base
Does compulsory community treatment for discharged forensic hospital patients work? The recent evidence base Open
Objective Over the decades, research has demonstrated that Conditional Release Programs (CONREP) and Compulsory community treatment can reduce recidivism among forensic patients discharged from inpatient commitment. This study synthesizes …
View article: Mechanism of lactic acidemia-promoted pulmonary endothelial cells death in sepsis: role for CIRP-ZBP1-PANoptosis pathway
Mechanism of lactic acidemia-promoted pulmonary endothelial cells death in sepsis: role for CIRP-ZBP1-PANoptosis pathway Open
Background Sepsis is often accompanied by lactic acidemia and acute lung injury (ALI). Clinical studies have established that high serum lactate levels are associated with increased mortality rates in septic patients. We further observed a…
View article: Duration of morning hyperinsulinemia determines hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen storage later in the day
Duration of morning hyperinsulinemia determines hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen storage later in the day Open
Morning insulin exposure primes the liver for increased hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen storage during a subsequent hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic clamp. This study addressed whether the pattern and/or duration of insulin delivery in t…
View article: IRG1/ACOD1 promotes neutrophil reverse migration and alleviates local inflammation
IRG1/ACOD1 promotes neutrophil reverse migration and alleviates local inflammation Open
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration at inflammatory site plays a critical role in inflammation. PMN reverse migration (rM) describes the phenomenon that PMNs migrate away from inflammatory site back into the vasculature, and it…
View article: The Role of Gasdermin-D-Mediated Pyroptosis in Organ Injury and Its Therapeutic Implications
The Role of Gasdermin-D-Mediated Pyroptosis in Organ Injury and Its Therapeutic Implications Open
Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) belongs to the Gasdermin family (GSDM), which are pore-forming effector proteins that facilitate inflammatory cell death, also known as pyroptosis. This type of programmed cell death is dependent on inflammatory caspase…
View article: MACROPHAGE SWITCHING: POLARIZATION AND MOBILIZATION AFTER TRAUMA
MACROPHAGE SWITCHING: POLARIZATION AND MOBILIZATION AFTER TRAUMA Open
Introduction: Trauma alters the immune response in numerous ways, affecting both the innate and adaptive responses. Macrophages play an important role in inflammation and wound healing following injury. We hypothesize that macrophages mobi…
View article: EFFECT OF IRRIGATION FLUID COMPOSITION ON HEMOSTASIS IN MOUSE BLEEDING MODELS
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION FLUID COMPOSITION ON HEMOSTASIS IN MOUSE BLEEDING MODELS Open
Introduction: Intraoperative irrigation, usually with normal saline (NS), aids in bleeding identification and management. We investigated the effect of different irrigation fluids, with additives, on hemostasis using two bleeding models. M…
View article: Profound sensitivity of the liver to the direct effect of insulin allows peripheral insulin delivery to normalize hepatic but not muscle glucose uptake in the healthy dog
Profound sensitivity of the liver to the direct effect of insulin allows peripheral insulin delivery to normalize hepatic but not muscle glucose uptake in the healthy dog Open
Endogenous insulin secretion is a key regulator of postprandial hepatic glucose metabolism, but this process is dysregulated in diabetes. Subcutaneous insulin delivery alters normal insulin distribution, causing relative hepatic insulin de…
View article: Profound sensitivity of the liver to the direct effect of insulin allows peripheral insulin delivery to normalize hepatic but not muscle glucose uptake in the healthy dog
Profound sensitivity of the liver to the direct effect of insulin allows peripheral insulin delivery to normalize hepatic but not muscle glucose uptake in the healthy dog Open
Endogenous insulin secretion is a key regulator of postprandial hepatic glucose metabolism, but this process is dysregulated in diabetes. Subcutaneous insulin delivery alters normal insulin distribution, causing relative hepatic insulin de…
View article: Educating and advocating: A professional responsibility for school leaders and school counselors
Educating and advocating: A professional responsibility for school leaders and school counselors Open
While educators are tasked with many competing professional responsibilities, it is necessary that the focus of advocacy for student well-being stay at the forefront. In particular, for school counselors and school leaders, advocating has …
View article: Inflammatory Caspase Activity Mediates HMGB1 Release and Differentiation in Myoblasts Affected by Peripheral Arterial Disease
Inflammatory Caspase Activity Mediates HMGB1 Release and Differentiation in Myoblasts Affected by Peripheral Arterial Disease Open
Introduction: We previously showed that caspase-1 and -11, which are activated by inflammasomes, mediate recovery from muscle ischemia in mice. We hypothesized that similar to murine models, inflammatory caspases modulate myogenicity and i…
View article: Hepatocytes Are Resistant to Cell Death From Canonical and Non-Canonical Inflammasome-Activated Pyroptosis
Hepatocytes Are Resistant to Cell Death From Canonical and Non-Canonical Inflammasome-Activated Pyroptosis Open
Our novel findings characterize hepatocyte morphology in pyroptosis and suggest alternative use for canonical/non-canonical inflammasome activation/signaling and subsequent GSDMD cleavage because there is no rapid cell death as in macropha…
View article: Role of autophagy in intervertebral disc degeneration
Role of autophagy in intervertebral disc degeneration Open
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading contributor to low back pain. The intervertebral disc (IVD) is composed of three tissue types: the central gelatinous nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue, the surrounding annulus fibrosus (AF) t…
View article: The emerging therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in trauma
The emerging therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in trauma Open
Traumatic injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite significant advances in treatments. Most deaths occur either very early, through massive head trauma/CNS injury or exsanguination (despite advances in transfus…
View article: The Importance of the Mechanisms by which Insulin Regulates Meal-Associated Liver Glucose Uptake in the Dog
The Importance of the Mechanisms by which Insulin Regulates Meal-Associated Liver Glucose Uptake in the Dog Open
Hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) is critical for maintaining normal postprandial glucose metabolism. Insulin is clearly a key regulator of HGU, but the physiologic mechanisms by which it acts have yet to be established. This study sought to de…
View article: The Importance of the Mechanisms by which Insulin Regulates Meal-Associated Liver Glucose Uptake in the Dog
The Importance of the Mechanisms by which Insulin Regulates Meal-Associated Liver Glucose Uptake in the Dog Open
Hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) is critical for maintaining normal postprandial glucose metabolism. Insulin is clearly a key regulator of HGU, but the physiologic mechanisms by which it acts have yet to be established. This study sought to de…
View article: Maresin 1 protects the liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury via the ALXR/Akt signaling pathway
Maresin 1 protects the liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury via the ALXR/Akt signaling pathway Open
Background Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can be a major complication following liver surgery contributing to post-operative liver dysfunction. Maresin 1 (MaR1), a pro-resolving lipid mediator, has been shown to suppress I/R inj…
View article: Maresin 1 Protects the Liver Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the ALXR/Akt Signaling Pathway
Maresin 1 Protects the Liver Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the ALXR/Akt Signaling Pathway Open
Background Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can be a major complication following liver surgery contributing to post-operative liver dysfunction. Maresin 1 (MaR1), a pro-resolving lipid mediator, has been shown to suppress I/R inj…
View article: Hepatocyte high-mobility group box 1 protects against steatosis and cellular stress during high fat diet feeding
Hepatocyte high-mobility group box 1 protects against steatosis and cellular stress during high fat diet feeding Open
Background: Circulating high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Intracellular HMGB1 is critical for the biology of hepatocytes. However, the intracellular rol…
View article: Interferon Type I Regulates Inflammasome Activation and High Mobility Group Box 1 Translocation in Hepatocytes During Ehrlichia -Induced Acute Liver Injury
Interferon Type I Regulates Inflammasome Activation and High Mobility Group Box 1 Translocation in Hepatocytes During Ehrlichia -Induced Acute Liver Injury Open
IFN-I signaling exacerbate liver pathology and contribute to sepsis following fatal Ehrlichia infection by promoting Ehrlichia replication and mediating detrimental inflammasome activation. Inflammasomes are an important innate immune host…
View article: Notch signaling protects CD4 T cells from STING-mediated apoptosis during acute systemic inflammation
Notch signaling protects CD4 T cells from STING-mediated apoptosis during acute systemic inflammation Open
Notch or STING, which is in charge of CD4 T cell fate?
View article: TBK1/IKKε Negatively Regulate LPS-Induced Neutrophil Necroptosis and Lung Inflammation
TBK1/IKKε Negatively Regulate LPS-Induced Neutrophil Necroptosis and Lung Inflammation Open
Cell necroptosis, a form of regulated inflammatory cell death, is one of the mechanisms that controls cell release of inflammatory mediators from innate immune cells, such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and critically regulates t…
View article: Hepatocyte high-mobility group box 1 protects against steatosis and cellular stress during high fat diet feeding
Hepatocyte high-mobility group box 1 protects against steatosis and cellular stress during high fat diet feeding Open
Background: Circulating high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Intracellular HMGB1 is critical for the biology of hepatocytes. However, the intracellular rol…
View article: Platelet–Monocyte Aggregates: Understanding Mechanisms and Functions in Sepsis
Platelet–Monocyte Aggregates: Understanding Mechanisms and Functions in Sepsis Open
Platelets have been shown to play an important immunomodulatory role in the pathogenesis of various diseases through their interactions with other immune and nonimmune cells. Sepsis is a major cause of death in the United States, and many …