Peter M Abbott
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View article: 28. Geochronological Methods
28. Geochronological Methods Open
Geochronological methods provide information on the timing, rates and frequency of environmental processes and events that occur over timescales that exceed laboratory measurements and/or human observation. This chapter discusses the princ…
View article: Ice core evidence for the Los Chocoyos supereruption disputes millennial-scale climate impact
Ice core evidence for the Los Chocoyos supereruption disputes millennial-scale climate impact Open
Volcanic supereruptions are considered among the few drivers of global and existential catastrophes, with recent hypotheses suggesting massive volcanic stratospheric sulfate injection could instigate major shifts in global climate. The abs…
View article: The 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils)
The 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils) Open
Polar ice cores and historical records evidence a large-magnitude volcanic eruption in 1831 CE. This event was estimated to have injected ~13 Tg of sulfur (S) into the stratosphere which produced various atmospheric optical phenomena and l…
View article: Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period
Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period Open
Existing global volcanic radiative aerosol forcing estimates portray the period 700 to 1000 as volcanically quiescent, void of major volcanic eruptions. However, this disagrees with proximal Icelandic geological records and regional Greenl…
View article: Exact timing, sulfur spread and global climate footprint of the caldera-forming Mt. Mazama eruption, the largest volcanic eruption of the Holocene.
Exact timing, sulfur spread and global climate footprint of the caldera-forming Mt. Mazama eruption, the largest volcanic eruption of the Holocene. Open
Large volcanic eruptions are key time markers in paleoclimatology because they inject large quantities of volcanic fallout (such as sulfuric acids and tephra) into the atmosphere which is then widely distributed and deposited in environmen…
View article: Mid-to Late Holocene East Antarctic ice-core tephrochronology: Implications for reconstructing volcanic eruptions and assessing their climatic impacts over the last 5,500 years
Mid-to Late Holocene East Antarctic ice-core tephrochronology: Implications for reconstructing volcanic eruptions and assessing their climatic impacts over the last 5,500 years Open
Ice cores are powerful archives for reconstructing volcanism as they contain both soluble (i.e. aerosols) and insoluble (i.e. tephra) products of volcanic eruptions and for more recent periods have high-precision annually resolved chronolo…
View article: Changes in Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone frequency following volcanic eruptions
Changes in Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone frequency following volcanic eruptions Open
Explosive volcanic eruptions are well known to influence Earth’s temperature. Changes in Earth’s temperature can affect temperature gradients which in turn could affect the isentropic slope and hence Northern Hemisphere high and mid-latitu…
View article: Los Chocoyos supereruption did not trigger millennial scale cooling
Los Chocoyos supereruption did not trigger millennial scale cooling Open
Stratospheric sulfate aerosols from explosive volcanic eruptions reflect incoming solar radiation and cool the planet, leading to the hypothesis that the largest volcanic events triggered millennial-scale cold periods over the last ice age…
View article: Bipolar ice-core records constrain possible dates and global radiative forcing following the ∼74 ka Toba eruption
Bipolar ice-core records constrain possible dates and global radiative forcing following the ∼74 ka Toba eruption Open
The Younger Toba Tuff eruption ∼74 ka ago in Indonesia, is among the largest known supereruptions in the Quaternary and its potential impact on the climate system and human evolution remains controversially debated. The eruption is dated r…
View article: Volcanically induced increase in extra-tropical cyclone frequency
Volcanically induced increase in extra-tropical cyclone frequency Open
Volcanic eruptions are well known to influence Earth's temperature, however, how eruptions influence the atmosphere's circulation pattern, especially on the scale of everyday weather is poorly understood. Changing Earth's temperature can a…
View article: Solar radiation management from Icelandic volcanoes during the Medieval Quiet Period
Solar radiation management from Icelandic volcanoes during the Medieval Quiet Period Open
“Solar Radiation Management” aims to mitigate global warming by either seeding aerosols into clouds to change their radiative properties and occurrence frequency, or injecting sulfur into the atmosphere to shield the Earth̵…
View article: Volcanism and the Greenland ice cores: A new tephrochronological framework for the last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT) based on cryptotephra deposits in three ice cores
Volcanism and the Greenland ice cores: A new tephrochronological framework for the last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT) based on cryptotephra deposits in three ice cores Open
Chemical profiles from Greenland ice cores show that the frequency of volcanism was higher during the last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT) and early Holocene, (17–9 ka b2k) than in any other period during the last 110 kyr. This incr…
View article: Community Established Best Practice Recommendations for Tephra Studies-from Collection through Analysis
Community Established Best Practice Recommendations for Tephra Studies-from Collection through Analysis Open
Tephra is a unique volcanic product with an unparalleled role in understanding past eruptions, long-term behavior of volcanoes, and the effects of volcanism on climate and the environment. Tephra deposits also provide spatially widespread,…
View article: Community Established Best Practice Recommendations for Tephra Studies-from Collection through Analysis
Community Established Best Practice Recommendations for Tephra Studies-from Collection through Analysis Open
Tephra is a unique volcanic product with an unparalleled role in understanding past eruptions, long-term behavior of volcanoes, and the effects of volcanism on climate and the environment. Tephra deposits also provide spatially widespread,…
View article: Global tephra studies: role and importance of the international tephra research group “Commission on Tephrochronology” in its first 60 years
Global tephra studies: role and importance of the international tephra research group “Commission on Tephrochronology” in its first 60 years Open
Tephrochronology is a correlational and age-equivalent dating method whereby practitioners characterize, map, and date tephra (or volcanic ash) layers and use them stratigraphically as connecting and dating tools in the geosciences (includ…
View article: Comment on hgss-2021-22
Comment on hgss-2021-22 Open
Abstract. Tephrochronology is a correlational and age-equivalent dating method whereby practitioners characterize, map, and date tephra (or volcanic ash) layers and use them stratigraphically as connecting and dating tools in the geoscienc…
View article: Mid to Late Holocene East Antarctic ice-core tephrochronology: Implications for reconstructing volcanic eruptions and their impacts over the last 5,500 years
Mid to Late Holocene East Antarctic ice-core tephrochronology: Implications for reconstructing volcanic eruptions and their impacts over the last 5,500 years Open
<p>Ice cores are powerful archives for reconstructing volcanism and developing tephrochronological frameworks, as they can preserve both the soluble, i.e. aerosols, and non-soluble, i.e. tephra, products of volcanic eruptions. In add…
View article: The international tephra research group ‘Commission on Tephrochronology’ and its activities – the first 60 years
The international tephra research group ‘Commission on Tephrochronology’ and its activities – the first 60 years Open
Modern tephra studies per se began almost 100 years ago (in the late 1920s) but the first collective of tephrochronologists, with a common purpose and nascent global outlook, was not formed until 7 September, 1961, in Warsaw, Poland. On th…
View article: Community Established Best Practice Recommendations for Tephra Studies-from Collection through Analysis
Community Established Best Practice Recommendations for Tephra Studies-from Collection through Analysis Open
Tephra is a unique volcanic product that plays an unparalleled role in understanding past eruptions, long-term behavior of volcanoes, and the effects of volcanism on climate and the environment. Tephra deposits also provide spatially wides…
View article: Tephra in the Greenland Ice cores: Insights into Icelandic volcano-climate impacts
Tephra in the Greenland Ice cores: Insights into Icelandic volcano-climate impacts Open
<p>Volcanic eruptions are considered as one of the primary natural drivers for changes in the global climate system and understanding the impact of past eruptions on the climate is integral to adopt appropriate responses towards futu…
View article: Cryptotephra from the Icelandic Veiðivötn 1477 CE eruption in a Greenland ice core: confirming the dating of volcanic events in the 1450s CE and assessing the eruption's climatic impact
Cryptotephra from the Icelandic Veiðivötn 1477 CE eruption in a Greenland ice core: confirming the dating of volcanic events in the 1450s CE and assessing the eruption's climatic impact Open
Volcanic eruptions are a key source of climatic variability, and reconstructing their past impact can improve our understanding of the operation of the climate system and increase the accuracy of future climate projections. Two annually re…
View article: Community Established Best Practice Recommendations for Tephra Studies-from Collection through Analysis
Community Established Best Practice Recommendations for Tephra Studies-from Collection through Analysis Open
Tephra is a unique volcanic product that plays an unparalleled role in understanding past eruptions, long-term behavior of volcanoes, and the effects of volcanism on climate and the environment. Tephra deposits also provide spatially wides…
View article: Cryptotephra from the Icelandic Veiðivötn 1477 CE eruption in a Greenland ice core: confirming the dating of 1450s CE volcanic events and assessing the eruption's climatic impact
Cryptotephra from the Icelandic Veiðivötn 1477 CE eruption in a Greenland ice core: confirming the dating of 1450s CE volcanic events and assessing the eruption's climatic impact Open
Volcanic eruptions are a key source of climatic variability and reconstructing their past impact can improve our understanding of the operation of the climate system and increase the accuracy of future climate projections. Two annually res…
View article: Best practice templates for tephra collection, analysis, and correlation
Best practice templates for tephra collection, analysis, and correlation Open
Tephra is a unique volcanic product that has played an unparalleled role in the understanding of past eruptions, long-term behavior of volcanoes, effects of volcanism on climate and the environment. It provides spatially widespread, extrem…
View article: Consistently dated Atlantic sediment cores over the last 40 thousand years
Consistently dated Atlantic sediment cores over the last 40 thousand years Open
Rapid changes in ocean circulation and climate have been observed in marine-sediment and ice cores over the last glacial period and deglaciation, highlighting the non-linear character of the climate system and underlining the possibility o…
View article: Widespread tephra dispersal and ignimbrite emplacement from a subglacial volcano (Torfajökull, Iceland)
Widespread tephra dispersal and ignimbrite emplacement from a subglacial volcano (Torfajökull, Iceland) Open
The tephra dispersal mechanisms of rhyolitic glaciovolcanic eruptions are little known, but can be investigated through the correlation of eruptive products across multiple depositional settings. Using geochemistry and geochronology, we co…