Michäel Ablain
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View article: Deep Ocean Steric Sea Level Change in the Subtropical Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Deep Ocean Steric Sea Level Change in the Subtropical Northwest Atlantic Ocean Open
The non‐closure of the global sea level budget, detected since 2017, stimulates the need to better understand limitations of satellite altimetry and gravimetry measurements, and breakdown in situ measurement contributions and gaps. Here, t…
View article: Benefits of a second tandem flight phase between two successive satellite altimetry missions for assessing instrumental stability
Benefits of a second tandem flight phase between two successive satellite altimetry missions for assessing instrumental stability Open
Five successive reference missions, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, Jason-3, and more recently Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, have ensured the continuity and stability of the satellite altimetry data record. Tandem flight phases have playe…
View article: Reply on RC1
Reply on RC1 Open
View article: Benefits of a second tandem flight phase between two successive satellite altimetry missions for assessing the instrumental stability
Benefits of a second tandem flight phase between two successive satellite altimetry missions for assessing the instrumental stability Open
The five successive reference missions, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, Jason-3, and more recently Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, have ensured the continuity and stability of the altimetry data record. Tandem flight phases have played a ke…
View article: Improvement of global and regional mean sea level estimation from satellite altimetry
Improvement of global and regional mean sea level estimation from satellite altimetry Open
The accurate measurement of the global mean sea level (GMSL) record and of the estimation of GMSL’s trend and acceleration are key goals of high precision satellite altimetry. These measurements are indeed crucial to tackle important…
View article: Estimate of the global and regional Ocean Heat Content changes from space gravimetry and altimetry observations to assess the Earth Energy Imbalance variations and trend
Estimate of the global and regional Ocean Heat Content changes from space gravimetry and altimetry observations to assess the Earth Energy Imbalance variations and trend Open
The Earth energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is the cause of the energy accumulation in the climate system. Measuring the EEI is challenging because it is a globally integrated variable whose variations are small (0.…
View article: High-frequency sea level temporal variability estimate from SWOT KaRIn and Sentinel-3A/B crossovers
High-frequency sea level temporal variability estimate from SWOT KaRIn and Sentinel-3A/B crossovers Open
The observation of sea level variability on very small time scales ranging from less than an hour to a few days is currently very limited with the constellation of nadir altimeter satellites. Calculating sea surface height at crossovers be…
View article: Monitoring the global ocean heat content from space geodetic observations to estimate the Earth energy imbalance
Monitoring the global ocean heat content from space geodetic observations to estimate the Earth energy imbalance Open
An improved spatial geodetic approach is presented for estimating the global ocean heat content (GOHC) change and the Earth energy imbalance (EEI) over 1993–2022. The geodetic estimate of the EEI shows a significant positive trend of 0.75 …
View article: How accurate is accurate enough for measuring sea-level rise and variability
How accurate is accurate enough for measuring sea-level rise and variability Open
View article: Monitoring the regional Ocean Heat Content change over the Atlantic Ocean with the space geodetic approach
Monitoring the regional Ocean Heat Content change over the Atlantic Ocean with the space geodetic approach Open
The estimation of the regional Ocean Heat Content (OHC) is essential for climate analysis and future climate predictions. In this study, we propose a method to estimate and propagate uncertainties in regional OHC changes. The OHC is estima…
View article: Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go?
Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go? Open
The Earth climate system is out of energy balance, and heat has accumulated continuously over the past decades, warming the ocean, the land, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. According to the Sixth Assessment Report by Working Group I of…
View article: Current observed global mean sea level rise and acceleration estimated from satellite altimetry and the associated measurement uncertainty
Current observed global mean sea level rise and acceleration estimated from satellite altimetry and the associated measurement uncertainty Open
We present the latest release of the global mean sea level (GMSL) record produced by the French space agency Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and distributed on the AVISO+ website. This dataset is based on reprocessed along-track …
View article: Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005–2020
Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005–2020 Open
We investigate the performances of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) satellite gravimetry missions in assessing the ocean mass budget at the global scale over 2005–2020. For that purpose, we foc…
View article: New improvements for monitoring the Ocean Heat Content and the Earth Energy imbalance (MOHeaCAN).
New improvements for monitoring the Ocean Heat Content and the Earth Energy imbalance (MOHeaCAN). Open
The Earth energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the atmosphere is responsible for the accumulation of energy in the climate system. While necessary to better understand the Earth’s warming climate, measuring the EEI is challenging as …
View article: Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005-202
Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005-202 Open
We investigate the performances of GRACE and GRACE Follow-On satellite gravimetry missions in assessing the ocean mass budget at global scale over 2005-2020. For that purpose, we focus on the last years of the record (2015-2020) when GRACE…
View article: Reducing the Uncertainty in the Satellite Altimetry Estimates of Global Mean Sea Level Trends Using Highly Stable Water Vapor Climate Data Records
Reducing the Uncertainty in the Satellite Altimetry Estimates of Global Mean Sea Level Trends Using Highly Stable Water Vapor Climate Data Records Open
The global mean sea level (GMSL) has risen by 3.3 ± 0.2 mm.yr −1 (68% confidence level) over 1993–2021. The wet troposphere correction (WTC) used to compute the altimetry‐based mean sea level data is known to be a large source of error in …
View article: A mass conserving filter based on diffusion for gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) spherical harmonics solutions
A mass conserving filter based on diffusion for gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) spherical harmonics solutions Open
SUMMARY Over the past two decades, the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and GRACE Follow-On mission (GRACE-FO) have provided monthly measurements of the gravity field as sets of Stokes coefficients, referred to as spherical …
View article:  Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005-2020
 Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005-2020 Open
<p> We investigate the continuity and stability of GRACE and GRACE Follow-On satellite gravimetric missions by assessing the ocean mass budget at global scale over 2005–2020, focusing on the last years of the recor…
View article: On the uncertainty associated with detecting global and local mean sea level drifts on Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B altimetry missions
On the uncertainty associated with detecting global and local mean sea level drifts on Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B altimetry missions Open
An instrumental drift in the point target response (PTR) parameters has been detected on the Copernicus Sentinel-3A altimetry mission. It will affect the accuracy of sea level sensing, which could result in errors in sea level change estim…
View article: Supplementary material to "Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005–2020"
Supplementary material to "Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005–2020" Open
Table S1 with the linear trends of all individual datasets, ensemble means, sum of contributions andbudget residuals used in the study; • Figure S1 showing the geographical mask applied to compute the global mean time series from gridded d…
View article: Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005–2020
Revisiting the global mean ocean mass budget over 2005–2020 Open
We investigate the continuity and stability of GRACE and GRACE Follow-On satellite gravimetric missions by assessing the ocean mass budget at global scale over 2005–2020, focusing on the last years of the record (2015–2020) when GRACE and …
View article: Current observed global mean sea level rise and acceleration estimated from satellite altimetry and the associated uncertainty
Current observed global mean sea level rise and acceleration estimated from satellite altimetry and the associated uncertainty Open
We present the latest released of the Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) record produced by the French space agency CNES and distributed on the AVISO+ website. This dataset is based on reprocessed along-track data, so-called L2P 21, of the refer…
View article: Gap-filled snow cover fraction from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 constellations&#160;
Gap-filled snow cover fraction from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 constellations  Open
<div> <p><span>Copernicus Land Monitoring Service has recently launched a group of high-resolution snow cover products which are derived from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 constellations. High- Resolution Snow and Ic…
View article: Monitoring the local heat content change over the Atlantic Ocean with the space geodetic approach: the 4DATLANTIC-OHC Project
Monitoring the local heat content change over the Atlantic Ocean with the space geodetic approach: the 4DATLANTIC-OHC Project Open
<p>Given the major role of the Atlantic Ocean in the climate system, it is essential to characterize the temporal and spatial variations of its heat content. The 4DATLANTIC-OHC Project (https://eo4society.esa.int/projects/4datlantic-…
View article: Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry
Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry Open
The Earth energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the atmosphere is responsible for the accumulation of heat in the climate system. Monitoring the EEI is therefore necessary to better understand the Earth's warming climate. Measuring the EEI …
View article: Copernicus Sea Level Space Observations: A Basis for Assessing Mitigation and Developing Adaptation Strategies to Sea Level Rise
Copernicus Sea Level Space Observations: A Basis for Assessing Mitigation and Developing Adaptation Strategies to Sea Level Rise Open
It is essential to monitor accurately current sea level changes to better understand and project future sea level rise (SLR). This is the basis to support the design of adaptation strategies to climate change. Altimeter sea level products …
View article: On the uncertainty associated with detecting global and local mean sea level drifts on Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B altimetry missions
On the uncertainty associated with detecting global and local mean sea level drifts on Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B altimetry missions Open
An instrumental drift in the Point Target Response (PTR) parameters has been detected on the Copernicus Sentinel-3A (S3A) altimetry mission. It could have an impact on sea level rise of a few tenths of mm yr−1. In order to accurately evalu…
View article: Brief communication: Evaluation of the snow cover detection in the Copernicus High Resolution Snow & Ice Monitoring Service
Brief communication: Evaluation of the snow cover detection in the Copernicus High Resolution Snow & Ice Monitoring Service Open
The High Resolution Snow & Ice Monitoring Service was launched in 2020 to provide near-real-time, pan-European snow and ice information at 20 m resolution from Sentinel-2 observations. Here we present an evaluation of the snow detectio…
View article: Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry
Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry Open
The Earth energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the atmosphere is responsible for the accumulation of heat in the climate system. Monitoring the EEI is therefore necessary to better understand the Earth’s warming climate. Measuring the EEI …
View article: Contributions of Altimetry and Argo to Non‐Closure of the Global Mean Sea Level Budget Since 2016
Contributions of Altimetry and Argo to Non‐Closure of the Global Mean Sea Level Budget Since 2016 Open
Over 1993–2016, studies have shown that the observed global mean sea level (GMSL) budget is closed within the current data uncertainties. However, non‐closure of the budget was recently reported when using Jason‐3, Argo and GRACE/GRACE Fol…