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View article: Eating disorder symptoms are associated with altered reinforcement learning in the general population
Eating disorder symptoms are associated with altered reinforcement learning in the general population Open
Eating disorders (EDs) are characterised by abnormal food intake, including energy restriction despite starvation or episodic binge-eating, which may reflect alterations in the reward value of food. Affected individuals show impaired learn…
View article: Trials for computational psychiatry
Trials for computational psychiatry Open
View article: Synaptic histamine shapes the neurocomputational dynamics of human learning
Synaptic histamine shapes the neurocomputational dynamics of human learning Open
Histamine was the first canonical monoamine identified in the mammalian brain 1-6, yet arguably remains the least understood in its mechanistic contributions to human behaviour. Using a first-in-class causal probe (H3R inverse agonist pito…
View article: Evaluating the ecological validity and mechanism of a generative model-based decomposition of affective variability
Evaluating the ecological validity and mechanism of a generative model-based decomposition of affective variability Open
Affective variability is a pervasive phenomenon with important implications for well-being and psychopathology. Yet, the broad concept of “variability” may conflate distinct processes, such as transient fluctuations versus more sustained s…
View article: Reduced striatal dopamine transmission as a transdiagnostic substrate of psychomotor retardation
Reduced striatal dopamine transmission as a transdiagnostic substrate of psychomotor retardation Open
Psychomotor retardation, defined as generalised slowing of movement and speech, is a feature of several neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss the hypothesis that reduced striatal dopaminergic transmission is a …
View article: Trials for Computational Psychiatry
Trials for Computational Psychiatry Open
Psychiatric disorders affect the higher functions of the brain. Motivation, inference, prediction, memoryand perception all fall prey to psychiatric illnesses. Our understanding of these higher functions has been substantially advanced by …
View article: Pramipexole augmentation for the acute phase of treatment-resistant, unipolar depression: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised trial in the UK
Pramipexole augmentation for the acute phase of treatment-resistant, unipolar depression: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised trial in the UK Open
National Institute of Health and Care Research, Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme.
View article: Author response: Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty
Author response: Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty Open
View article: Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty
Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty Open
Summary Efficient learning requires estimation of, and adaptation to, different forms of uncertainty. If uncertainty is caused by randomness in outcomes (noise), observed events should have less influence on beliefs, whereas if uncertainty…
View article: Differential Associations of Dopamine and Serotonin With Reward and Punishment Processes in Humans
Differential Associations of Dopamine and Serotonin With Reward and Punishment Processes in Humans Open
Importance Mechanistic biomarkers for guiding treatment selection require selective sensitivity to specific pharmacological interventions. Reinforcement learning processes show potential, but there have been conflicting and sometimes incon…
View article: Effective Discussions of Affective Cases: A Survey of Attenders of the Mood Disorders Grand Rounds
Effective Discussions of Affective Cases: A Survey of Attenders of the Mood Disorders Grand Rounds Open
Aims: Specialist mood disorder services in the UK are diverse in structure and spread over different clinical-academic centres in the UK. Relationships between these centres are strong but often based on academic projects, with limited opp…
View article: Effect of lithium on circadian activity level and flexibility in patients with bipolar disorder: results from the Oxford Lithium Trial
Effect of lithium on circadian activity level and flexibility in patients with bipolar disorder: results from the Oxford Lithium Trial Open
View article: Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty
Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty Open
Summary Efficient learning requires estimation of, and adaptation to, different forms of uncertainty. If uncertainty is caused by randomness in outcomes (noise), observed events should have less influence on beliefs, whereas if uncertainty…
View article: Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty
Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty Open
Efficient learning requires estimation of, and adaptation to, different forms of uncertainty. If uncertainty is caused by randomness in outcomes (noise), observed events should have less influence on beliefs, whereas if uncertainty is caus…
View article: Author response: Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty
Author response: Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty Open
View article: Dopamine and serotonin differentially associated with reward and punishment processes in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Dopamine and serotonin differentially associated with reward and punishment processes in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis Open
Importance To support treatment assignment, mechanistic biomarkers should be selectively sensitive to specific interventions. Here, we examine whether different components of reinforcement learning in humans satisfy this necessary precondi…
View article: Prefrontal cortex stimulation normalizes deficient adaptive learning from outcome contingencies in low mood
Prefrontal cortex stimulation normalizes deficient adaptive learning from outcome contingencies in low mood Open
View article: Noradrenaline causes a spread of association in the hippocampal cognitive map
Noradrenaline causes a spread of association in the hippocampal cognitive map Open
The mammalian brain stores relationships between items and events in the world as cognitive maps in the hippocampal system. However, the neural mechanisms that control cognitive map formation remain unclear. Here, using a double-blind stud…
View article: Direct serotonin release in humans shapes aversive learning and inhibition
Direct serotonin release in humans shapes aversive learning and inhibition Open
View article: Evaluating the efficacy and mechanisms of a ketogenic diet as adjunctive treatment for people with treatment-resistant depression: A protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Evaluating the efficacy and mechanisms of a ketogenic diet as adjunctive treatment for people with treatment-resistant depression: A protocol for a randomised controlled trial Open
This study will test whether a ketogenic diet is an effective intervention to reduce the severity of depression, anxiety and improve quality of life and functioning ability for people with treatment-resistant depression.
View article: The effects of pramipexole on motivational vigour during a saccade task: a placebo-controlled study in healthy adults
The effects of pramipexole on motivational vigour during a saccade task: a placebo-controlled study in healthy adults Open
Motivation allows us to energise actions when we expect reward and is reduced in depression. This effect, termed motivational vigour, has been proposed to rely on central dopamine, with dopaminergic agents showing promise in the treatment …
View article: When a test is more than just a test: Findings from patient interviews and survey in the trial of a technology to measure antidepressant medication response (the PReDicT Trial)
When a test is more than just a test: Findings from patient interviews and survey in the trial of a technology to measure antidepressant medication response (the PReDicT Trial) Open
View article: The computational structure of consummatory anhedonia
The computational structure of consummatory anhedonia Open
Anhedonia is a reduction in enjoyment, motivation, or interest. It is common across mental health disorders and a harbinger of poor treatment outcomes. The enjoyment aspect, termed 'consummatory anhedonia', in particular poses fundamental …
View article: Reduction of Aversive Learning Rates in Pavlovian Conditioning by Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Reduction of Aversive Learning Rates in Pavlovian Conditioning by Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan: A Randomized Controlled Trial Open
This study shows that losartan acutely reduces Pavlovian learning in aversive environments, thereby highlighting a potential role of the renin-angiotensin system in anxiety development.
View article: Lithium Stabilises Circadian Activity While Enhancing its Flexibility in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Results from the Oxford Lithium Trial
Lithium Stabilises Circadian Activity While Enhancing its Flexibility in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Results from the Oxford Lithium Trial Open
View article: Acute Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade Facilitates Parahippocampal Processing During Memory Encoding in High-Trait-Anxious Individuals
Acute Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade Facilitates Parahippocampal Processing During Memory Encoding in High-Trait-Anxious Individuals Open
Given that the hippocampus receives major input from the PHC, our findings suggest that ARBs may modulate higher-order visual processing through parahippocampal involvement, potentially preserving intact memory input. Future research needs…
View article: Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty
Humans adapt rationally to approximate estimates of uncertainty Open
Summary Efficient learning requires estimation of, and adaptation to, different forms of uncertainty. If uncertainty is caused by randomness in outcomes (noise), observed events should have less influence on beliefs, whereas if uncertainty…
View article: Depression is associated with reduced outcome sensitivity in a dual valence, magnitude learning task – ADDENDUM
Depression is associated with reduced outcome sensitivity in a dual valence, magnitude learning task – ADDENDUM Open
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View article: Cognitive Remediation in Bipolar (CRiB2): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial assessing efficacy and mechanisms of cognitive remediation therapy compared to treatment as usual
Cognitive Remediation in Bipolar (CRiB2): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial assessing efficacy and mechanisms of cognitive remediation therapy compared to treatment as usual Open
View article: Adaptive learning from outcome contingencies in eating-disorder risk groups
Adaptive learning from outcome contingencies in eating-disorder risk groups Open
Eating disorders are characterised by altered eating patterns alongside overvaluation of body weight or shape, and have relatively low rates of successful treatment and recovery. Notably, cognitive inflexibility has been implicated in both…