Explanipedia

Time to Full Enteral Feeds and Late-Onset Sepsis in Extremely Preterm Infants Open

Ariel A. Salas, Laura Elizabeth Wiener, Marissa Trotta, Mar Romero‐Lopez, Eric B. Ortigoza , et al. · 2025

Importance Recent studies suggest that early achievement of full enteral feeding improves clinical outcomes among preterm infants. Objective To examine the association between full enteral feeding and late-onset sepsis. Design, Setting, an…

Meconium obstruction of prematurity in tiny babies – towards developing an international consensus Open

Graeme Pitcher, Akio Kubota, Noelle Younge, Christoph Bührer, C. Michael Cotten , et al. · 2025

Intestinal perforation occurring in extremely low gestational age neonates is a devastating complication, associated with high mortality and morbidity. Multiple phenotypes of bowel perforation in premature infants have been described, with…

Data harmonization framework for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy studies Open

C. Hsiao, Anna N. Foster, Scott A. McDonald, Rutvi Vyas, Azra A. Ashraf , et al. · 2025

Objectives To develop a data harmonization framework for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) studies and demonstrate its suitability for prognostic biomarker development. Materials and Methods Variables were first categorized by…

Short Duration of Antenatal Corticosteroid Exposure and Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants Open

Sanjay Chawla, Myra H. Wyckoff, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Matthew A. Rysavy, Ravi M. Patel , et al. · 2025

Importance When preterm delivery is imminent, it remains unclear whether the timing from administration of antenatal betamethasone to birth may reduce mortality and morbidity among extremely preterm infants. Objective To evaluate the assoc…

Use and utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) in neonatal early-onset sepsis: a secondary analysis of a prospective surveillance study Open

Ryan Kilpatrick, Rachel G. Greenberg, Nellie I. Hansen, Seetha Shankaran, Waldemar A. Carlo , et al. · 2024

Timing of Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Occurrence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Open

Ariel A. Salas, Elizabeth Gunn, Waldemar A. Carlo, Edward F. Bell, Abhik Das , et al. · 2024

Importance Observational studies often report that anemia and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are associated with a higher risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants. Objective To evaluate whet…

Subventricular zone stem cell niche injury is associated with intestinal perforation in preterm infants and predicts future motor impairment Open

Adrian A. Epstein, Sara N. Janos, Luca Menozzi, Kelly Pegram, Vaibhav Jain , et al. · 2024

Social Determinants of Health and Redirection of Care for Infants Born Extremely Preterm Open

Jane E. Brumbaugh, Carla Bann, Edward F. Bell, Colm P. Travers, Betty R. Vohr , et al. · 2024

Importance Redirection of care refers to withdrawal, withholding, or limiting escalation of treatment. Whether maternal social determinants of health are associated with redirection of care discussions merits understanding. Objective To ex…

Association of maternal pre-pregnancy or first trimester body mass index with neurodevelopmental impairment or death in extremely low gestational age neonates Open

Sanjay Chawla, Abbot R. Laptook, Emily Smith, Sylvia Tan, Girija Natarajan , et al. · 2024

Social distancing and extremely preterm births in the initial COVID-19 pandemic period Open

Vivek V. Shukla, Benjamin Carper, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Matthew A. Rysavy, Edward F. Bell , et al. · 2024

Hypothesis Increased social distancing was associated with a lower incidence of extremely preterm live births (EPLB) during the initial COVID-19 pandemic period. Study design Prospective study at the NICHD Neonatal Research Network sites c…

Improving Compliance with State-Recommended Guidelines for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Newborn Screening (NBS) in the Intensive Care Nursery (ICN) Open

Geoffrey Hall, Wen Zhou, Julie J. Kim-Chang, Camille DiCarlo, Kathleen Bartlett , et al. · 2024

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Fed Donor Milk or Preterm Infant Formula Open

Tarah T. Colaizy, Brenda B. Poindexter, Scott A. McDonald, Edward F. Bell, Waldemar A. Carlo , et al. · 2024

Importance Maternal milk feeding of extremely preterm infants during the birth hospitalization has been associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with preterm formula. For infants receiving no or minimal maternal milk, it…

Late-Onset Sepsis Evaluation and Empiric Therapy in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns Open

Rebecca Speier, C. Michael Cotten, Daniel K. Benjamin, Kelsey Lewis, K D Keeler , et al. · 2023

Background Little is known about late-onset sepsis (LOS) evaluations in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs). We describe frequencies of LOS evaluation in ELGANs, infant characteristics, and empiric therapy choices during evalua…

Tissue Oxygenation Changes After Transfusion and Outcomes in Preterm Infants Open

Valerie Y. Chock, Haresh Kirpalani, Edward F. Bell, Sylvia Tan, Susan R. Hintz , et al. · 2023

Importance Preterm infants with varying degrees of anemia have different tissue oxygen saturation responses to red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, and low cerebral saturation may be associated with adverse outcomes. Objective To determine wh…

Genetic Predisposition to Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Open

Michael W. Varner, Elizabeth Thom, C. Michael Cotten, Susan R. Hintz, Grier P. Page , et al. · 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether there are genetic variants associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Study Design We conducted a candidate gene association study in two…

Use of term reference infants in assessing the developmental outcome of extremely preterm infants: lessons learned in a multicenter study Open

Charles E. Green, Jon E. Tyson, Roy J. Heyne, Susan R. Hintz, Betty R. Vohr , et al. · 2023

Longitudinal Choroidal Development in Preterm Infants Open

Suzanne M. Michalak, Shwetha Mangalesh, Yineng Chen, Liangbo L. Shen, Vincent Tai , et al. · 2023

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Can providing daily iron-fortified lunches to school-going children living in an impoverished Guatemalan community improve iron status? Open

Linda K. Massey, Steven L. McGeehan, Manichanh Ratts, Thomas Mitchell, C. Michael Cotten , et al. · 2023

Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains one of the most common diet-related micronutrient deficiency disorders in the world. Although iron supplementation can effectively improve iron status, it is often a short-term solution to th…

A Pilot Phase I Trial of Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Open

C. Michael Cotten, Kimberley A. Fisher, William Malcolm, Kathryn E. Gustafson, Lynn Cheatham , et al. · 2023

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates causes increased mortality and long-term morbidity in surviving babies. Hypothermia (HT) has improved outcomes, however, mortality remains high with ~half of surviving babies developing neu…

Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm Open

Jane E. Brumbaugh, Betty R. Vohr, Edward F. Bell, Carla Bann, Colm P. Travers , et al. · 2023

Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in term infants: present and future Open

Eleanor J. Molloy, Mohamed El‐Dib, Sandra E. Juul, Manon J.N.L. Benders, Fernando F. Gonzalez , et al. · 2022

Outcomes of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) have improved since the widespread implementation of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in high-resource settings. While TH for NE in term and near-term infants has proven beneficial, 30–50% of infants wi…

Association of Antenatal Steroid Exposure at 21 to 22 Weeks of Gestation With Neonatal Survival and Survival Without Morbidities Open

Sanjay Chawla, Myra H. Wyckoff, Matthew A. Rysavy, Ravi M. Patel, Dhuly Chowdhury , et al. · 2022

Importance The provision of antenatal corticosteroids to pregnant patients at gestational age (GA) 22 6/7 weeks or less remains controversial and lacks support from randomized clinical trials. Objective To compare rates of survival and sur…

Exposure-safety relationship for acyclovir in the treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus disease Open

Jessica E. Ericson, Daniel K. Benjamin, Felix Boakye‐Agyeman, Stephen J. Balevic, C. Michael Cotten , et al. · 2022

Online clinical tool to estimate risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants Open

Rachel G. Greenberg, Scott A. McDonald, Matthew M. Laughon, David Tanaka, Erik A. Jensen , et al. · 2022

Objective Develop an online estimator that accurately predicts bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity or death using readily-available demographic and clinical data. Design Retrospective analysis of data entered into a prospective regis…

Cortisol awakening response and developmental outcomes at 6–7 years in children born extremely preterm Open

Jean Lowe, Janell Fuller, Allison G. Dempsey, T. Barbara, Carla Bann , et al. · 2022

Contributions of the NICHD neonatal research network to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia Open

Erik A. Jensen, Matthew M. Laughon, Sara B. DeMauro, C. Michael Cotten, T. Barbara , et al. · 2022

Overview of the neonatal research network: History, contributions, challenges, and future Open

Kristi L. Watterberg, Waldemar A. Carlo, Luc P. Brion, C. Michael Cotten, Rosemary D. Higgins · 2022

Integrated Visualization Highlighting Retinal Changes in Retinopathy of Prematurity From 3-Dimensional Optical Coherence Tomography Data Open

Shwetha Mangalesh, Kai R. Seely, Du Tran-Viet, Vincent Tai, Xi Chen , et al. · 2022

In 2 preterm infants in BabySTEPS, 3-D visualization of OCT findings during the ongoing ROP disease process demonstrated supplemental information about the retinal vasculature and microanatomy that can be useful to clinicians. These additi…

Early brain and abdominal oxygenation in extremely low birth weight infants Open

Valerie Y. Chock, Emily Smith, Sylvia Tan, M. Bethany Ball, Abhik Das , et al. · 2022

Outcomes of Moderately Preterm Infants of Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Mothers Open

Keyaria D. Gray, Somnath Saha, Ashley N. Battarbee, C. Michael Cotten, Nansi S. Boghossian , et al. · 2022

Objective Little is known about the hospital outcomes of moderately preterm (MPT; 29 0/7–33 6/7 weeks gestational age) infants born to insulin-dependent diabetic mothers (IDDMs). We evaluated characteristics and outcomes of MPT infants bor…

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