Explanipedia

Minimum Sample Size Calculation for Multivariable Regression of Continuous Outcomes in Chemometrics for Astrobiology and Planetary Science Open

Menelaos Konstantinidis, E.A. Lalla, Sofía Julve‐Gonzalez, Juan Carlos Ojeda Manrique, G. Lopez‐Reyes , et al. · 2025

Over the last few decades, prediction models have become a fundamental tool in statistics, chemometrics, and related fields. However, to ensure that such models have high value, the inferences that they generate must be reliable. In this r…

Long‐Term Outcomes of Belatacept Versus Tacrolimus Following T‐Cell Depleting Induction in Adult Kidney Transplantation Open

Laura Newton, Thomas W. D'Angelo, Michael Chobanian, M. G. Daly, Asha Zimmerman · 2025

Background Belatacept shows promise as an alternative immunosuppressant without the nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors. Avoiding nephrotoxicity is important with the expanding use of organs at risk of marginal graft function. To date…

Rocks with Extremely Low Thermal Inertia at the OSIRIS-REx Sample Site on Asteroid Bennu Open

A. J. Ryan, B. Rozitis, Daniel Pino Muñoz, K. J. Becker, Joshua P. Emery , et al. · 2024

The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission recently returned a sample of rocks and dust collected from asteroid Bennu. We analyzed the highest-resolution thermal data …

Optical polarization studies of latex beads in aqueous solution: An analog for radar scattering in icy regolith Open

Antoine Bourget, Parvathy Prem, D. T. Blewett, M. G. Daly, I. B. Smith · 2024

This study presents low phase angle 0°–5° measurements of polarimetric properties of icy planetary regolith analog materials acquired using the custom-built Multi-Axis- Goniometer-Instrument (MAGI). We present same sense (SC), and opposite…

Sensitivity Testing of Stereophotoclinometry for the OSIRIS-REx Mission. I. The Accuracy and Errors of Digital Terrain Modeling Open

E. E. Palmer, J. R. Weirich, R. W. Gaskell, Diane Lambert, Tanner Campbell , et al. · 2024

Stereophotoclinometry (SPC) was the prime method of shape modeling for NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission to asteroid Bennu. Here we describe the extensive testing conducted before launch to certify SPC as NASA Class B flight software, which not on…

Sensitivity Testing of Stereophotoclinometry for the OSIRIS-REx Mission. II. Effective Observation Geometry for Digital Terrain Modeling Open

E. E. Palmer, J. R. Weirich, R. W. Gaskell, Diane Lambert, Tanner Campbell , et al. · 2024

The OSIRIS-REx mission used stereophotoclinometry (SPC) to generate digital terrain models (DTMs) of its target asteroid, Bennu. Here we present a suite of preflight tests conducted to identify the observing geometry and number of images n…

A sample preparation guide for clay‐rich carbonaceous chondrites Open

Bennett J. K. Wilson, V. E. Di Cecco, L. A. J. Garvie, K. T. Tait, M. G. Daly · 2024

The matrix of the C2‐ungrouped Tarda meteorite contains abundant smectite minerals that swell and crumble when exposed to polar liquids, causing the sample to rapidly slake. This phenomenon presents a serious challenge when polishing the m…

OSIRIS-APEX: An OSIRIS-REx Extended Mission to Asteroid Apophis Open

D. N. DellaGiustina, M. C. Nolan, Anjani T. Polit, Michael C. Moreau, D. R. Golish , et al. · 2023

The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft mission characterized and collected a sample from asteroid (101955) Bennu. After the OSIRIS-REx Sample Return Capsule rel…

Stereophotoclinometry for OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft Navigation Open

Coralie D. Adam, Leilah K. McCarthy, Jason M. Leonard, R. W. Gaskell, Peter G. Antreasian , et al. · 2023

We summarize a decade of effort by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission team to build up the unique capabilities, processes, and procedures required to accomplis…

Post-flight Evaluation of Lidar-based Digital Terrain Models for OSIRIS-REx Navigation at Bennu Open

Jason M. Leonard, J. Geeraert, Leilah K. McCarthy, Coralie D. Adam, Peter G. Antreasian , et al. · 2023

The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft spent more than 2 yr characterizing near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu. The OSIRIS-REx Laser Altimeter (OLA) was responsi…

Stereophotoclinometry on the OSIRIS-REx Mission: Mathematics and Methods Open

R. W. Gaskell, O. S. Barnouin, M. G. Daly, E. E. Palmer, J. R. Weirich , et al. · 2023

Stereophotoclinometry (SPC) makes it possible to extract the shapes of surfaces by combining information from images, namely stereo parallax data and surface shading from slopes, with knowledge of the location of a spacecraft. This techniq…

Raman-IR spectroscopic, and XRD analysis of selected samples from Fogo Island, Cabo Verde: Implications for ancient Martian volcanology Open

M. Aznar, Aurelio Sanz‐Arranz, Svetlana Shkolyar, E.R. Sawyers, M. Konstantinidis , et al. · 2023

Natural hydrogen resource accumulation and helium-rich gas field analogues Open

C. J. Ballentine, Anran Cheng, Rūta Karolytė, M. G. Daly, Barbara Sherwood Lollar , et al. · 2023

Geochemical evidence of a developing plate boundary and a SW rift extension of the East African Rift Open

Rūta Karolytė, M. G. Daly, Peter Vivian-Neal, Long Li, Barbara Sherwood Lollar , et al. · 2023

The Central African Plateau of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo has been suggested as a broad zone of NW/SE extension based on low gravity, high heat flow and sparse and irregular seismicity.Recent multi-disciplinary tectonic an…

Building a High-resolution Digital Terrain Model of Bennu from Laser Altimetry Data Open

J. A. Seabrook, M. G. Daly, O. S. Barnouin, E. E. Palmer, R. W. Gaskell , et al. · 2022

The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft orbited the near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu to characterize the asteroid prior to sampling. One important aspect of th…

LunaR: Overview of a versatile Raman spectrometer for lunar exploration Open

E. A. Cloutis, C. M. Caudill, E.A. Lalla, J. Newman, M. G. Daly , et al. · 2022

The LunaR concept study investigated the scientific value, feasibility, and deployment options for a Raman spectrometer on future lunar landed missions. It consists of a breadboard instrument that covers the 150–4000 cm −1 wavelength range…

Miniature LIDAR for Mars Exploration Open

Ignacio Arruego, J. J. Jiménez, Alberto Martín-Ortega, Elisa García-Menéndez, J. Rivas , et al. · 2022

<p>The composition of the Martian atmosphere and its dust content is a key factor for understanding the climate of the Red Planet, which is of vital importance to enable future human exploration. The use of atmospheric LIDARs to char…

Determination of Broadband Complex EM Parameters of Powdered Materials: 2. Ilmenite‐Bearing Lunar Analogue Materials Open

A. Boivin, C. A. Tsai, Dylan Hickson, R. R. Ghent, M. G. Daly · 2022

We present systematic measurements of the frequency‐dependent complex dielectric permittivity of lunar regolith analogue samples with increasing amounts of the mineral ilmenite along with Bayesian model fits using a one‐pole Cole‐Cole mode…

Inferring interiors and structural history of top-shaped asteroids from external properties of asteroid (101955) Bennu Open

Yun Zhang, Patrick Michel, O. S. Barnouin, J. H. Roberts, M. G. Daly , et al. · 2022

High‐Resolution Thermophysical Analysis of the OSIRIS‐REx Sample Site and Three Other Regions of Interest on Bennu Open

B. Rozitis, A. J. Ryan, Joshua P. Emery, M. C. Nolan, Simon Green , et al. · 2022

The OSIRIS‐REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) spacecraft sampled asteroid (101955) Bennu on 20 October 2020 and will return the collected regolith to Earth in 2023. Before sample…

Practical Stereophotoclinometry for Modeling Shape and Topography on Planetary Missions Open

E. E. Palmer, R. W. Gaskell, M. G. Daly, O. S. Barnouin, Coralie D. Adam , et al. · 2022

Stereophotoclinometry (SPC) is a technique to extract topographic information from images acquired by spacecraft. It combines stereophotogrammetry and photoclinometry to produce a product that has the accuracy of stereo with the resolution…

Quality Assessment of Stereophotoclinometry as a Shape Modeling Method Using a Synthetic Asteroid Open

J. R. Weirich, E. E. Palmer, M. G. Daly, O. S. Barnouin, Kenneth M. Getzandanner , et al. · 2022

The stereophotoclinometry (SPC) software suite has been used to generate global digital terrain models (DTMs) of many asteroids and moons, and was the primary tool used by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and …

Autonomous Navigation Performance Using Natural Feature Tracking during the OSIRIS-REx Touch-and-Go Sample Collection Event Open

Chris Norman, C. Miller, Ryan Olds, Courtney Mario, E. E. Palmer , et al. · 2022

When the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft collected a sample of surface material from asteroid Bennu in 2020 October, it was the first time that an autonomous…

Ground Testing of Digital Terrain Models to Prepare for OSIRIS-REx Autonomous Vision Navigation Using Natural Feature Tracking Open

Courtney Mario, C. Miller, Chris Norman, E. E. Palmer, J. R. Weirich , et al. · 2022

The OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) spacecraft collected a sample from the asteroid Bennu in 2020. This achievement leveraged an autonomous optical navigation approach …

The Use of Digital Terrain Models for Natural Feature Tracking at Asteroid Bennu Open

Ryan Olds, C. Miller, Chris Norman, Courtney Mario, K. Berry , et al. · 2022

The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission rendezvoused with asteroid (101955) Bennu in 2018 with the primary objective of collecting a sample of regolith from the sur…

The morphometry of small impact craters on Bennu: Relationships to geologic units, boulders, and impact armoring Open

R. T. Daly, O. S. Barnouin, E. B. Bierhaus, M. G. Daly, J. A. Seabrook , et al. · 2022

The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission revealed that the asteroid Bennu has ~1500 impact craters (Bierhaus et al., 2022). Here we use data from the OSIRIS-REx lase…

Assessing the Sampleability of Bennu’s Surface for the OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission Open

K. J. Walsh, E. B. Bierhaus, D. S. Lauretta, M. C. Nolan, Ronald‐Louis Ballouz , et al. · 2022

Geologic Context of the OSIRIS-REx Sample Site from High-resolution Topography and Imaging Open

O. S. Barnouin, E. R. Jawin, R. T. Daly, Ronald‐Louis Ballouz, M. G. Daly , et al. · 2022

The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft collected a surface sample from Hokioi crater (55.8° N, 42.3° E; diameter ∼20 m) on the asteroid Bennu in 2020 October. We explore the geology of the sample collection site, known as Nightingale, by using digital …

The Formation of Terraces on Asteroid (101955) Bennu Open

O. S. Barnouin, M. G. Daly, J. A. Seabrook, Y. Zhang, Florian Thuillet , et al. · 2022

The surface of the rubble‐pile asteroid (101955) Bennu has been characterized in detail by the OSIRIS‐REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) mission. By examining global and local di…

Global geologic map of asteroid (101955) Bennu indicates heterogeneous resurfacing in the past 500,000 years Open

E. R. Jawin, T. J. McCoy, K. J. Walsh, H. C. Connolly, Ronald‐Louis Ballouz , et al. · 2022

Global geologic maps are useful tools for efficient interpretation of a planetary body, and they provide global context for the diversity and evolution of the surface. We used data acquired by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft to create the first …

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