Michael E. Scharf
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View article: Metagenomic analysis reveals methanogenic and other archaeal genes in the digestive tract of invasive Japanese beetle larvae and associated soil
Metagenomic analysis reveals methanogenic and other archaeal genes in the digestive tract of invasive Japanese beetle larvae and associated soil Open
The linkage between methane emissions and the metabolic activity of archaeal species is broadly established. However, the structural and functional dynamics of this phenomenon within the scarab larval gut and associated host soil environme…
View article: Redlegged Ham Beetle, Copra Beetle Necrobia rufipes (De Geer, 1775) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cleridae: Korynetinae)
Redlegged Ham Beetle, Copra Beetle Necrobia rufipes (De Geer, 1775) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cleridae: Korynetinae) Open
The redlegged ham beetle (Necrobia rufipes) is a predaceous beetle that feeds on a variety of decaying organic matter, especially matter with high protein and fat content such as dead vertebrate animals, and some of plant origin, such as c…
View article: Insecticide resistance in social insects: assumptions, realities, and possibilities
Insecticide resistance in social insects: assumptions, realities, and possibilities Open
Insecticide resistance is an evolved ability to survive insecticide exposure. Compared with nonsocial insects, eusocial insects have lower numbers of documented cases of resistance. Eusocial insects include beneficial and pest species that…
View article: Whiteflies can excrete insecticide-tainted honeydew on tomatoes
Whiteflies can excrete insecticide-tainted honeydew on tomatoes Open
Whiteflies are important insect pests in a wide variety of agricultural crops that are targeted with large quantities of insecticides on a global scale. Chemical control is the most common strategy to manage whiteflies, however, recent stu…
View article: Larvae of an invasive scarab increase greenhouse gas emissions from soils and recruit gut mycobiota involved in C and N transformations
Larvae of an invasive scarab increase greenhouse gas emissions from soils and recruit gut mycobiota involved in C and N transformations Open
Background Soil-derived prokaryotic gut communities of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica Newman (JB) larval gut include heterotrophic, ammonia-oxidizing, and methanogenic microbes potentially capable of promoting greenhouse gas (GHG) e…
View article: Impacts of Bioassay Type on Insecticide Resistance Assessment in the German Cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae)
Impacts of Bioassay Type on Insecticide Resistance Assessment in the German Cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) Open
The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), is one of the most critical urban pests globally due to the health risks it imposes on people, such as asthma. Insecticides are known to manage large cockroach population sizes, but the rapid…
View article: Termite enzymes and uses thereof for in vitro conversion of lignin-containing materials to fermentable products
Termite enzymes and uses thereof for in vitro conversion of lignin-containing materials to fermentable products Open
The disclosure provides isolated nucleic acid molecules derived from the gut of the termite R flavipes, recombinant nucleic acid molecules comprising a vector and an isolated heterologous nucleic acid molecule operably inserted therein, wh…
View article: Microbe-mediated activation of indoxacarb in German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.)
Microbe-mediated activation of indoxacarb in German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) Open
The German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) is a major urban pest worldwide and is notorious for its ability to detoxify and resist insecticides. German cockroaches have generalist feeding habits that expose them to a range of potential …
View article: Expression profiles of an inactive aspartic protease (Bla g 2 allergen) in different tissues and developmental stages of the German cockroach (<i>Blattella germanica</i>)
Expression profiles of an inactive aspartic protease (Bla g 2 allergen) in different tissues and developmental stages of the German cockroach (<i>Blattella germanica</i>) Open
Tergal glands are found in many insect species and contain constituents such as pheromones, sugars, proteins, and so forth. Preliminary studies have revealed that tergal gland secretions in the German cockroach ( Blattella germanica L.) co…
View article: The effect of a novel herbicide adjuvant in treating Amur honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>)
The effect of a novel herbicide adjuvant in treating Amur honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera maackii</i>) Open
Invasive woody perennials pose an immense threat to the diversity and function of many ecosystems, including forests in the eastern United States. While herbicide treatments have proven effective in controlling many plant invasions, there …
View article: Soil Environments Influence Gut Prokaryotic Communities in the Larvae of the Invasive Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica Newman
Soil Environments Influence Gut Prokaryotic Communities in the Larvae of the Invasive Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica Newman Open
Invasive scarab beetles, like the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica Newman (JB), spend most of their lives as larvae feeding in the soil matrix. Despite the potential importance of the larval gut microbial community in driving the behavior…
View article: Intercolony Comparisons of Gut Microbiome Composition From Lab Reared Eastern Subterranean Termites (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)
Intercolony Comparisons of Gut Microbiome Composition From Lab Reared Eastern Subterranean Termites (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Open
Termites are social insects living in colonies composed of worker, soldier, and reproductive castes. Termite hindguts are inhabited by all three domains of life- Eukarya (protists), Bacteria, and Archaea. These gut microorganisms are horiz…
View article: Transcriptome Responses to Defined Insecticide Selection Pressures in the German Cockroach (Blattella germanica L.)
Transcriptome Responses to Defined Insecticide Selection Pressures in the German Cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) Open
Cockroaches are important global urban pests from aesthetic and health perspectives. Insecticides represent the most cost-effective way to control cockroaches and limit their impacts on human health. However, cockroaches readily develop in…
View article: High-content phenotypic screening identifies novel chemistries that disrupt mosquito activity and development
High-content phenotypic screening identifies novel chemistries that disrupt mosquito activity and development Open
New classes of chemistries are needed to control insecticide resistant populations of mosquitoes and prevent transmission of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Organismal screens of chemical collections have played an important role in the sear…
View article: Effect of Hypoxia on the Lethal Mortality Time of Adult Sitophilus oryzae L.
Effect of Hypoxia on the Lethal Mortality Time of Adult Sitophilus oryzae L. Open
Sitophilus oryzae is one of the most destructive pests of stored grains. It leads to significant quantitative and qualitative losses, resulting in food and income insecurity among farmers. Chemical pesticides are the most common methods us…
View article: Regulation of host phenotypic plasticity by gut symbiont communities in the eastern subterranean termite (<i>Reticulitermes flavipes</i>)
Regulation of host phenotypic plasticity by gut symbiont communities in the eastern subterranean termite (<i>Reticulitermes flavipes</i>) Open
Termites are eusocial insects that host a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gut symbionts and can differentiate into a range of caste phenotypes. Soldier caste differentiation from termite workers follows two successive molts (worker–pre…
View article: A Century of Synergy in Termite Symbiosis Research: Linking the Past with New Genomic Insights
A Century of Synergy in Termite Symbiosis Research: Linking the Past with New Genomic Insights Open
Termites have long been studied for their symbiotic associations with gut microbes. In the late nineteenth century, this relationship was poorly understood and captured the interest of parasitologists such as Joseph Leidy; this research le…
View article: Datasets describing monarch immature and adult performance when reared on milkweed host-plants varying in pesticides
Datasets describing monarch immature and adult performance when reared on milkweed host-plants varying in pesticides Open
The long-term decline of monarch butterflies has been attributed to loss of their milkweed (Asclepias sp.) host-plants after the introduction of herbicide-tolerant crops. However, recent studies report pesticide residues on milkweed leaves…
View article: Do pollinators prefer pesticide‐free plants? An experimental test with monarchs and milkweeds
Do pollinators prefer pesticide‐free plants? An experimental test with monarchs and milkweeds Open
Hundreds of recent studies have voiced concern over the negative impacts of non‐target pesticides on pollinator health. However, pesticide loads are highly variable across agricultural landscapes and it is unclear whether pollinators exhib…
View article: Dataset describing monarch larval and adult choice for milkweed host-plants varying in pesticides
Dataset describing monarch larval and adult choice for milkweed host-plants varying in pesticides Open
1. Hundreds of recent studies have voiced concern over the negative impacts of non-target pesticides on pollinator health. However, pesticide loads are highly variable across agricultural landscapes and it is unclear whether pollinators ex…
View article: Synergistic Toxicity Interactions between Plant Essential Oil Components against the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.)
Synergistic Toxicity Interactions between Plant Essential Oil Components against the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.) Open
Management of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) necessitates the use of multiple control techniques. In addition to synthetic pesticides and mechanical interventions, plant-derived essential oils represent one of the control option…
View article: Excretion of non-metabolized insecticides in honeydew of striped pine scale
Excretion of non-metabolized insecticides in honeydew of striped pine scale Open
Honeydew production is a characteristic of soft scales and other hemipteran insects. Honeydew has the capacity to alter the ecology of predators and parasitoids because it is used as a food resource and can contain insecticidal proteins fr…
View article: Rapid evolutionary responses to insecticide resistance management interventions by the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.)
Rapid evolutionary responses to insecticide resistance management interventions by the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) Open
The German cockroach ( Blattella germanica L.) is a worldwide pest that lives exclusively in human environments. B. germanica threatens human health by producing asthma-triggering allergens, vectoring pathogenic/antibiotic-resistant microb…
View article: Toxicity and neurophysiological impacts of plant essential oil components on bed bugs (Cimicidae: Hemiptera)
Toxicity and neurophysiological impacts of plant essential oil components on bed bugs (Cimicidae: Hemiptera) Open
Bed bugs ( Cimex lectularius L.) are globally important human parasites. Integrated pest management (IPM) approaches, which include the use of essential oil-based insecticidal compounds, have been proposed for their control. This study aim…