Michael Emch
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View article: Expanding Disease Ecology Even More: One Health, Politics and Place. Response to commentaries on Michael Emch and Varun Goel’s ‘Disease ecology in health and medical geography: History, progress, and innovations’
Expanding Disease Ecology Even More: One Health, Politics and Place. Response to commentaries on Michael Emch and Varun Goel’s ‘Disease ecology in health and medical geography: History, progress, and innovations’ Open
View article: Integrating mobility, travel survey, and malaria case data to understand drivers of malaria importation to Zanzibar, 2022–2023
Integrating mobility, travel survey, and malaria case data to understand drivers of malaria importation to Zanzibar, 2022–2023 Open
Background Zanzibar has achieved historic reductions in malaria incidence, but high connectivity to mainland Tanzania and imported cases remain a challenge to “last mile” malaria elimination. Methods To understand factors driving malaria i…
View article: Integrating mobility, travel survey, and malaria case data to understand drivers of malaria importation to Zanzibar, 2022–2023
Integrating mobility, travel survey, and malaria case data to understand drivers of malaria importation to Zanzibar, 2022–2023 Open
Movement flows and seasonal rainfall patterns drive imported malaria in predictable ways that can be harnessed to target high-risk travellers for intervention.
View article: Geospatial and phylogenetic clustering of acute and recent HIV infections in Lilongwe, Malawi
Geospatial and phylogenetic clustering of acute and recent HIV infections in Lilongwe, Malawi Open
HIV transmission during early HIV infection impedes efforts to end HIV as a public health threat, as diagnosis typically occurs after this period of elevated transmission risk. To guide diagnosis and prevention strategies, we evaluated the…
View article: Corrigendum to “Malaria surveillance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Comparison of microscopy, PCR, and rapid diagnostic test” [Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016 May;85(1):16–8. doi: 10.1016/j.Diagmicrobio.2016.01.004. Epub 2016 Jan 9]
Corrigendum to “Malaria surveillance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Comparison of microscopy, PCR, and rapid diagnostic test” [Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016 May;85(1):16–8. doi: 10.1016/j.Diagmicrobio.2016.01.004. Epub 2016 Jan 9] Open
View article: A pyramid of human ecology of disease for pandemic preparedness
A pyramid of human ecology of disease for pandemic preparedness Open
The emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases and its potential threat to future health security highlights the need to re-examine how we conceptualize the impact of human-environment interactions on health. Traditionally, social scientist…
View article: Deep Tubewell Use and Child Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Prospective Community Surveillance Study
Deep Tubewell Use and Child Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Prospective Community Surveillance Study Open
Despite concerns, using deep tubewells may not translate to higher diarrhea risk among under-five children, and may reduce diarrhea further especially in social and environmental contexts associated with higher groundwater microbial contam…
View article: Integrating mobility, travel survey, and malaria case data to understand drivers of malaria importation to Zanzibar, 2022-2023
Integrating mobility, travel survey, and malaria case data to understand drivers of malaria importation to Zanzibar, 2022-2023 Open
Background Zanzibar has achieved historic reductions in malaria incidence, but high connectivity to mainland Tanzania and imported cases remain a challenge to “last mile” malaria elimination. Methods To understand factors driving malaria i…
View article: Children with hepatitis B virus infections, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Children with hepatitis B virus infections, Democratic Republic of the Congo Open
Our investigation highlights the importance of subnational prevalence estimates in large countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and we have identified regions that may benefit from improved childhood vaccination delivery s…
View article: Race, place, and HIV: The legacies of apartheid and racist policy in South Africa
Race, place, and HIV: The legacies of apartheid and racist policy in South Africa Open
View article: Sexually Transmitted Infection Rates and Closure of Family Planning Clinics Because of Abortion Restrictions in Iowa
Sexually Transmitted Infection Rates and Closure of Family Planning Clinics Because of Abortion Restrictions in Iowa Open
This cohort study assesses rates of sexually transmitted infections in Iowa counties before and after closure of family planning health centers and compared with national rates.
View article: Application of Machine Learning to Identify Influential Factors for Fecal Contamination of Shallow Groundwater
Application of Machine Learning to Identify Influential Factors for Fecal Contamination of Shallow Groundwater Open
Understanding influential factors for fecal contamination in groundwater is critical for ensuring water safety and public health. The objective of this study is to identify key factors for fecal contamination of shallow tubewells using mac…
View article: Application of Machine Learning to Identify Influential Factors for Fecal Contamination of Shallow Groundwater
Application of Machine Learning to Identify Influential Factors for Fecal Contamination of Shallow Groundwater Open
Understanding influential factors for fecal contamination in groundwater is critical for ensuring water safety and public health. The objective of this study is to identify key factors for fecal contamination of shallow tubewells using mac…
View article: Baseline characteristics for phase II of the Kinshasa Malaria Cohort Study: cohort profile
Baseline characteristics for phase II of the Kinshasa Malaria Cohort Study: cohort profile Open
PURPOSE: The Democratic Republic of Congo has one of the highest burdens of malaria in the world, accounting for 12.3% of malaria cases and 11.6% of malaria deaths. The country has been scaling up various malaria control interventions, but…
View article: Baseline characteristics for phase II of the Kinshasa Malaria Cohort Study: cohort profile
Baseline characteristics for phase II of the Kinshasa Malaria Cohort Study: cohort profile Open
Purpose The Democratic Republic of Congo has one of the highest burdens of malaria in the world, accounting for 12.3% of malaria cases and 11.6% of malaria deaths. The country has been scaling up various malaria control interventions, but …
View article: Nonparametric Causal Survival Analysis with Clustered Interference
Nonparametric Causal Survival Analysis with Clustered Interference Open
Inferring treatment effects on a survival time outcome based on data from an observational study is challenging due to the presence of censoring and possible confounding. An additional challenge occurs when a unit's treatment affects the o…
View article: The geography of COVID-19 vaccine completion by age in North Carolina, U.S.
The geography of COVID-19 vaccine completion by age in North Carolina, U.S. Open
BACKGROUND: Geographic variation in COVID-19 vaccination can create areas at higher risk of infection, complications, and death, exacerbating health inequalities. This ecological study examined geographic patterns of COVID-19 vaccine compl…
View article: Inverse Probability Weighted Estimators of Vaccine Effects Accommodating Partial Interference and Censoring
Inverse Probability Weighted Estimators of Vaccine Effects Accommodating Partial Interference and Censoring Open
Estimating population-level effects of a vaccine is challenging because there may be interference, that is, the outcome of one individual may depend on the vaccination status of another individual. Partial interference occurs when individu…
View article: The geography of COVID-19 vaccine completion by age in North Carolina, U.S.
The geography of COVID-19 vaccine completion by age in North Carolina, U.S. Open
Background Geographic variation in COVID-19 vaccination can create areas at higher risk of infection, complications, and death, exacerbating health inequalities. This ecological study examined geographic patterns of COVID-19 vaccine comple…
View article: Characterizing hepatitis B virus infection in children in the Democratic Republic of Congo to inform elimination efforts
Characterizing hepatitis B virus infection in children in the Democratic Republic of Congo to inform elimination efforts Open
Objective Despite global reductions in hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, an estimated 6.2 million children are infected, two-thirds of whom live in the WHO Africa region. We sought to characterize childhood HBV to inform elimination effo…
View article: Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence and Transmission in the Households of Pregnant Women in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence and Transmission in the Households of Pregnant Women in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Open
Background The World Health Organization Africa region has high regional hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, and evidence suggests more frequent horizontal HBV transmission than other regions. Context-specific epidemiological studies are n…
View article: Hepatitis B virus prevalence and transmission in the households of pregnant women in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Hepatitis B virus prevalence and transmission in the households of pregnant women in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Open
Background Despite routine infant vaccination and blood donor screening, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has high hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence compared to the United States and Europe. Through the cross-sectional Horizontal an…
View article: Background malaria incidence and parasitemia during the three-dose RTS,S/AS01 vaccination series do not reduce magnitude of antibody response nor efficacy against the first case of malaria
Background malaria incidence and parasitemia during the three-dose RTS,S/AS01 vaccination series do not reduce magnitude of antibody response nor efficacy against the first case of malaria Open
View article: Epidemiology of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp. in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
Epidemiology of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp. in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo Open
View article: Integrating Molecular Diagnostics and GIS Mapping: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Tuberculosis Disease Dynamics in South Africa Using Xpert MTB/RIF
Integrating Molecular Diagnostics and GIS Mapping: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Tuberculosis Disease Dynamics in South Africa Using Xpert MTB/RIF Open
An investigation was carried out to examine the use of national Xpert MTB/RIF data (2013–2017) and GIS technology for MTB/RIF surveillance in South Africa. The aim was to exhibit the potential of using molecular diagnostics for TB surveill…
View article: Clinic presentation delay and tuberculosis treatment outcomes in the Lake Victoria region of East Africa: A multi-site prospective cohort study
Clinic presentation delay and tuberculosis treatment outcomes in the Lake Victoria region of East Africa: A multi-site prospective cohort study Open
In the Lake Victoria region of East Africa, little is known about delays between tuberculosis (TB) symptom onset and presentation at a clinic. Associations between clinic presentation delay and TB treatment outcomes are also poorly underst…
View article: Clinic presentation delay and tuberculosis treatment outcomes in the Lake Victoria region of East Africa: A multi-site prospective cohort study
Clinic presentation delay and tuberculosis treatment outcomes in the Lake Victoria region of East Africa: A multi-site prospective cohort study Open
In the Lake Victoria region of East Africa, little is known about delays between tuberculosis (TB) symptom onset and presentation at a clinic. Associations between clinic presentation delay and TB treatment outcomes are also poorly underst…
View article: Effectiveness of a national mass distribution campaign of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying on clinical malaria in Malawi, 2018-2020
Effectiveness of a national mass distribution campaign of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying on clinical malaria in Malawi, 2018-2020 Open
Introduction: Malawi's malaria burden is primarily assessed via cross-sectional national household surveys. However, malaria is spatially and temporally heterogenous and no analyses have been performed at a subdistrict level throughout the…
View article: Impact of extractive industries on malaria prevalence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a population-based cross-sectional study
Impact of extractive industries on malaria prevalence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a population-based cross-sectional study Open
Extraction of natural resources through mining and logging activities provides revenue and employment across sub-Saharan Africa, a region with the highest burden of malaria globally. The extent to which mining and logging influence malaria…
View article: The epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax among adults in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax among adults in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Open
Reports of P. vivax infections among Duffy-negative hosts have accumulated throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this growing body of evidence, no nationally representative epidemiological surveys of P. vivax in sub-Saharan Africa have be…