Michael J. Townsend
YOU?
Author Swipe
View article: Structural Basis for Integrin-Independent Activity of Latent TGF-β3 9072
Structural Basis for Integrin-Independent Activity of Latent TGF-β3 9072 Open
Description The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) family, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, is synthesized as pro-peptides with a latency-associated protein (LAP) and a receptor binding domain. These pro-peptides are processed in…
View article: Self-stigmatization and treatment preferences: Measuring the impact of treatment labels on choices for depression medications
Self-stigmatization and treatment preferences: Measuring the impact of treatment labels on choices for depression medications Open
Objective To collect evidence on the possibility that patients with depression experience self-stigmatization based on label information for medications. Methods We developed a discrete-choice experiment (DCE) survey instrument that asked …
View article: A systems biology approach uncovers novel disease mechanisms in age-related macular degeneration
A systems biology approach uncovers novel disease mechanisms in age-related macular degeneration Open
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, affecting 200 million people worldwide. We present a comprehensive molecular atlas for different stages of AMD.
View article: Overcoming Preclinical Safety Obstacles to Discover (<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>-((1,2,3,5,6,7-Hexahydro-<i>s</i>-indacen-4-yl)carbamoyl)-6-(methylamino)-6,7-dihydro-5<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[5,1-<i>b</i>][1,3]oxazine-3-sulfonamide (GDC-2394): A Potent and Selective NLRP3 Inhibitor
Overcoming Preclinical Safety Obstacles to Discover (<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>-((1,2,3,5,6,7-Hexahydro-<i>s</i>-indacen-4-yl)carbamoyl)-6-(methylamino)-6,7-dihydro-5<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[5,1-<i>b</i>][1,3]oxazine-3-sulfonamide (GDC-2394): A Potent and Selective NLRP3 Inhibitor Open
Inappropriate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Herein, we aimed to develop novel NLRP3 inhibitors that could minimize the risk of drug-induced liver injury. Lipophil…
View article: A systems biology approach uncovers novel disease mechanisms in age-related macular degeneration
A systems biology approach uncovers novel disease mechanisms in age-related macular degeneration Open
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, affecting 200 million people worldwide. We present a comprehensive molecular atlas for different stages of AMD.
View article: Mechanisms underlying DMARD inefficacy in difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review with systematic literature search
Mechanisms underlying DMARD inefficacy in difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review with systematic literature search Open
Management of RA patients has significantly improved over the past decades. However, a substantial proportion of patients is difficult-to-treat (D2T), remaining symptomatic after failing biological and/or targeted synthetic DMARDs. Multipl…
View article: Antipsychotic-Related Stigma and the Impact on Treatment Choices: A Systematic Review and Framework Synthesis
Antipsychotic-Related Stigma and the Impact on Treatment Choices: A Systematic Review and Framework Synthesis Open
Michael Townsend,1 Kristin Pareja,2 Amy Buchanan-Hughes,3 Emma Worthington,4 David Pritchett,4 Malaak Brubaker,5 Christy Houle,6 Tenna Natascha Mose,6 Heidi Waters2 1Gateway Counseling Center, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Global Value…
View article: Antibodies against human endogenous retrovirus K102 envelope activate neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus
Antibodies against human endogenous retrovirus K102 envelope activate neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus Open
Neutrophil activation and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are hallmarks of innate immune activation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we report that the expression of an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) locus ER…
View article: Fenebrutinib Versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Phase <scp>II</scp> Trial
Fenebrutinib Versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Phase <span>II</span> Trial Open
Objective To evaluate fenebrutinib, an oral and highly selective noncovalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase ( BTK ), in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ). Methods Patients with RA and an inadequate response to methotr…
View article: Anti-vimentin antibodies: a unique antibody class associated with therapy-resistant lupus nephritis
Anti-vimentin antibodies: a unique antibody class associated with therapy-resistant lupus nephritis Open
Background Tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) in lupus nephritis is associated with a worse prognosis. Vimentin, a filamental antigen, is commonly targeted by in situ activated B-cells in TII. The prognostic importance of high serum ant…
View article: Integration of eQTL and a Single-Cell Atlas in the Human Eye Identifies Causal Genes for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Integration of eQTL and a Single-Cell Atlas in the Human Eye Identifies Causal Genes for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Open
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss. To better understand disease pathogenesis and identify causal genes in GWAS loci for AMD risk, we present a comprehensive database of human retina and retinal pigmen…
View article: Levels of CXCL13 and sICAM-1 correlate with disease activity score in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab
Levels of CXCL13 and sICAM-1 correlate with disease activity score in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab Open
Background Tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor, has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Because RA is a heterogenous disease and patient response…
View article: Antibody against envelope protein from human endogenous retrovirus activates neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus
Antibody against envelope protein from human endogenous retrovirus activates neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus Open
Neutrophil activation and the formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) are hallmarks of innate immune activation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and contribute to the systemic interferon signature. Here we report that the exp…
View article: IL-17A is associated with the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
IL-17A is associated with the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Open
IL-17 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we show that blockade of IL-17A, but not IL-17F, attenuated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We further show that IL-17A levels were elevated i…
View article: Btk-specific inhibition blocks pathogenic plasma cell signatures and myeloid cell–associated damage in IFNα-driven lupus nephritis
Btk-specific inhibition blocks pathogenic plasma cell signatures and myeloid cell–associated damage in IFNα-driven lupus nephritis Open
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is often associated with exaggerated B cell activation promoting plasma cell generation, immune-complex deposition in the kidney, renal infiltration of myeloid cells, and glomerular nephritis. Type-I IFNs…
View article: Characterization of Il-17Aa and Il-17Ff in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis
Characterization of Il-17Aa and Il-17Ff in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis Open
Reliable determination of IL-17 isoforms in the systemic and CNS compartments sheds light on the involvement of IL-17AA and IL-17FF in autoimmunity.