Courtney M. Karner
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View article: N-acetylcarnosine attenuates age-associated declines in multi-organ systems to improve survival
N-acetylcarnosine attenuates age-associated declines in multi-organ systems to improve survival Open
Histidine containing dipeptides (HCDs) such as N-acetylcarnosine are endogenous metabolites that are ergogenic and mitigate metabolic dysfunction. We previously demonstrated that short-term N-acetylcarnosine treatment is highly efficacious…
View article: Divergent Requirements for Glutathione Biosynthesis During Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro and In Vivo
Divergent Requirements for Glutathione Biosynthesis During Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro and In Vivo Open
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant in the cell, and it is responsible for neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can promote osteoclast differentiation and stimulate bone resorption and are some of the primary driv…
View article: Plant‐Derived Zein as an Alternative to Animal‐Derived Gelatin for Use as a Tissue Engineering Scaffold
Plant‐Derived Zein as an Alternative to Animal‐Derived Gelatin for Use as a Tissue Engineering Scaffold Open
Natural biomaterials are commonly used as tissue engineering scaffolds due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Plant‐derived materials have also gained significant interest due to their abundance and as a sustainable resource. …
View article: Proteolytic activation of fatty acid synthase signals pan-stress resolution
Proteolytic activation of fatty acid synthase signals pan-stress resolution Open
Chronic stress and inflammation are not only outcomes of pathological states but rather major drivers of many human diseases 1-4 . Ideally, a given stress program is downregulated to basal levels upon restoration of homeostasis. Chronic re…
View article: Glutathione limits RUNX2 oxidation and degradation to regulate bone formation
Glutathione limits RUNX2 oxidation and degradation to regulate bone formation Open
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are natural products of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and oxidative protein folding. ROS levels must be well controlled, since elevated ROS has been shown to have deleterious effects on osteoblasts. Moreo…
View article: SLC38A2 provides proline and alanine to regulate postnatal bone mass accrual in mice
SLC38A2 provides proline and alanine to regulate postnatal bone mass accrual in mice Open
Amino acids have recently emerged as important regulators of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Osteoblasts require a continuous supply of amino acids to sustain biomass production to fuel cell proliferation, osteoblast differe…
View article: Methods For Studying Osteoenergetics And Metabolism
Methods For Studying Osteoenergetics And Metabolism Open
ARTICLES DISCUSSED: Shen, L., Karner, C. M. Evaluation of amino acid consumption in cultured bone cells and isolated bone shafts. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (182), e62995 (2022). Jayapalan, S., Nandy, A., Rendina-Ruedy, E. Using re…
View article: Author response: SLC38A2 provides proline to fulfill unique synthetic demands arising during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation
Author response: SLC38A2 provides proline to fulfill unique synthetic demands arising during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation Open
Article Figures and data Abstract Editor's evaluation eLife digest Introduction Results Discussion Materials and methods Data availability References Decision letter Author response Article and author information Metrics Abstract Cellular …
View article: Author response: Hypertrophic chondrocytes serve as a reservoir for marrow-associated skeletal stem and progenitor cells, osteoblasts, and adipocytes during skeletal development
Author response: Hypertrophic chondrocytes serve as a reservoir for marrow-associated skeletal stem and progenitor cells, osteoblasts, and adipocytes during skeletal development Open
Article Figures and data Abstract Editor's evaluation Introduction Results Discussion Materials and methods Appendix 1 Data availability References Decision letter Author response Article and author information Metrics Abstract Hypertrophi…
View article: SLC38A2 provides proline to fulfil unique synthetic demands arising during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation
SLC38A2 provides proline to fulfil unique synthetic demands arising during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation Open
Cellular differentiation is associated with the acquisition of a unique protein signature which is essential to attain the ultimate cellular function and activity of the differentiated cell. This is predicted to result in unique biosynthet…
View article: HES1 is a novel downstream modifier of the SHH-GLI3 Axis in the development of preaxial polydactyly
HES1 is a novel downstream modifier of the SHH-GLI3 Axis in the development of preaxial polydactyly Open
Sonic Hedgehog/GLI3 signaling is critical in regulating digit number, such that Gli3-deficiency results in polydactyly and Shh-deficiency leads to digit number reductions. SHH/GLI3 signaling regulates cell cycle factors controlling mesench…
View article: SLC1A5 provides glutamine and asparagine necessary for bone development in mice
SLC1A5 provides glutamine and asparagine necessary for bone development in mice Open
Osteoblast differentiation is sequentially characterized by high rates of proliferation followed by increased protein and matrix synthesis, processes that require substantial amino acid acquisition and production. How osteoblasts obtain or…
View article: Distinct roles of glutamine metabolism in benign and malignant cartilage tumors with <i>IDH</i> mutations
Distinct roles of glutamine metabolism in benign and malignant cartilage tumors with <i>IDH</i> mutations Open
Enchondromas and chondrosarcomas are common cartilage neoplasms that are either benign or malignant respectively. The majority of these tumors harbor mutations in either IDH1 or IDH2. Glutamine metabolism has been implicated as a critical …
View article: An adhesion G protein-coupled receptor is required in cartilaginous and dense connective tissues to maintain spine alignment
An adhesion G protein-coupled receptor is required in cartilaginous and dense connective tissues to maintain spine alignment Open
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common spine disorder affecting children worldwide, yet little is known about the pathogenesis of this disorder. Here, we demonstrate that genetic regulation of structural components of the…
View article: <i>SLC1A5</i>provides glutamine and asparagine necessary for bone development in mice
<i>SLC1A5</i>provides glutamine and asparagine necessary for bone development in mice Open
Osteoblast differentiation is sequentially characterized by high rates of proliferation followed by increased protein and matrix synthesis, processes that require substantial amino acid acquisition and production. How osteoblasts obtain or…
View article: Hypertrophic Chondrocytes Serve as a Reservoir for Marrow Associated Skeletal Stem and Progenitor Cells, Osteoblasts, and Adipocytes During Skeletal Development
Hypertrophic Chondrocytes Serve as a Reservoir for Marrow Associated Skeletal Stem and Progenitor Cells, Osteoblasts, and Adipocytes During Skeletal Development Open
Hypertrophic chondrocytes give rise to osteoblasts during skeletal development; however, the process by which these non-mitotic cells make this transition is not well understood. Prior studies have also suggested that skeletal stem and pro…
View article: Morphological and genomic shifts in mole-rat ‘queens’ increase fecundity but reduce skeletal integrity
Morphological and genomic shifts in mole-rat ‘queens’ increase fecundity but reduce skeletal integrity Open
In some mammals and many social insects, highly cooperative societies are characterized by reproductive division of labor, in which breeders and nonbreeders become behaviorally and morphologically distinct. While differences in behavior an…
View article: Author response: Morphological and genomic shifts in mole-rat ‘queens’ increase fecundity but reduce skeletal integrity
Author response: Morphological and genomic shifts in mole-rat ‘queens’ increase fecundity but reduce skeletal integrity Open
Article Figures and data Abstract eLife digest Introduction Results Discussion Materials and methods Data availability References Decision letter Author response Article and author information Metrics Abstract In some mammals and many soci…
View article: Hypoxia depletes contaminating CD45+ hematopoietic cells from murine bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) cultures: Methods for BMSC culture purification
Hypoxia depletes contaminating CD45+ hematopoietic cells from murine bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) cultures: Methods for BMSC culture purification Open
Culture expanded bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are easily isolated, can be grown rapidly en masse, and contain both skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and multipotent mesenchymal progenitors (MMPs). Despite this functional heterogeneity, BMSCs…
View article: A G protein-coupled receptor is required in cartilaginous and dense connective tissues to maintain spine alignment
A G protein-coupled receptor is required in cartilaginous and dense connective tissues to maintain spine alignment Open
Summary Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common spine disorder affecting children worldwide, yet little is known about the pathogenesis of this disorder. Here, we demonstrate that genetic regulation of structural component…
View article: Obesity alters the collagen organization and mechanical properties of murine cartilage
Obesity alters the collagen organization and mechanical properties of murine cartilage Open
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease characterized by cartilage degradation and altered cartilage mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is well established that obesity is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis. The purpose of this …
View article: Distinct Roles of Glutamine Metabolism in Benign and Malignant Cartilage Tumors With IDH Mutations
Distinct Roles of Glutamine Metabolism in Benign and Malignant Cartilage Tumors With IDH Mutations Open
Enchondromas and chondrosarcomas are common cartilage neoplasms that are either benign or malignant, respectively. The majority of these tumors harbor mutations in either IDH1 or IDH2. Glutamine metabolism has been implicated as a critical…
View article: Morphological and genomic shifts in mole-rat ‘queens’ increase fecundity but reduce skeletal integrity
Morphological and genomic shifts in mole-rat ‘queens’ increase fecundity but reduce skeletal integrity Open
In some mammals and many social insects, highly cooperative societies are characterized by reproductive division of labor, in which breeders and nonbreeders become behaviorally and morphologically distinct. While differences in behavior an…
View article: HES1 is a Critical Mediator of the SHH-GLI3 Axis in Regulating Digit Number
HES1 is a Critical Mediator of the SHH-GLI3 Axis in Regulating Digit Number Open
Sonic Hedgehog/GLI3 signaling is critical in regulating digit number, such that Gli3-deficiency results in polydactyly and Shh-deficiency leads to digit number reductions. Anterior-posterior SHH/GLI3 signaling gradients regulate cell cycle…