Michael R. Line
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View article: The Sonora Substellar Atmosphere Models. VI. Red Diamondback: Extending Diamondback with SPHINX for Brown Dwarf Early Evolution
The Sonora Substellar Atmosphere Models. VI. Red Diamondback: Extending Diamondback with SPHINX for Brown Dwarf Early Evolution Open
We extend the Sonora Diamondback brown dwarf evolution models to higher effective temperatures to treat the evolution of younger, higher-mass objects. Due to an upper temperature limit of T eff = 2400 K in the original Sonora Diamondback m…
View article: Aligned Stellar Obliquities for Two Hot Jupiter-hosting M Dwarfs Revealed by MAROON-X: Implications for Hot Jupiter Formation
Aligned Stellar Obliquities for Two Hot Jupiter-hosting M Dwarfs Revealed by MAROON-X: Implications for Hot Jupiter Formation Open
Hot Jupiters (HJs) are 2–3× less common around M dwarfs than around AFGK stars, suggesting that HJs may form and/or migrate via distinct pathways around different types of stars. One source of insight into HJ formation mechanisms is to tra…
View article: How clear are the skies of WASP-80b?: 3D Cloud feedback on the atmosphere and spectra of the warm Jupiter
How clear are the skies of WASP-80b?: 3D Cloud feedback on the atmosphere and spectra of the warm Jupiter Open
Close-in warm Jupiters orbiting M-dwarf stars are expected to exhibit diverse atmospheric chemistry, with clouds playing a key role in shaping their albedo, heat distribution, and spectral properties. We study WASP-80b, a warm Jupiter orbi…
View article: An Early Look at the Performance of IGRINS-2 at Gemini-North with Application to the Ultrahot Jupiter, WASP-33 b
An Early Look at the Performance of IGRINS-2 at Gemini-North with Application to the Ultrahot Jupiter, WASP-33 b Open
Ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy enables precise molecular detections and velocity-resolved atmospheric dynamics, offering a distinct advantage over low-resolution methods for exoplanetary atmospheric studies. Immersion GRating IN…
View article: A precise metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen ratio for a warm giant exoplanet from its panchromatic JWST emission spectrum
A precise metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen ratio for a warm giant exoplanet from its panchromatic JWST emission spectrum Open
WASP-80 b, a warm sub-Jovian (equilibrium temperature 820 K, 0.5 Jupiter masses), presents an opportunity to characterize a rare gas giant exoplanet around a low-mass star. In addition, its moderate temperature enables its atmosphere to …
View article: A Metal-poor Atmosphere with a Hot Interior for a Young Sub-Neptune Progenitor: JWST/NIRSpec Transmission Spectrum of V1298 Tau b
A Metal-poor Atmosphere with a Hot Interior for a Young Sub-Neptune Progenitor: JWST/NIRSpec Transmission Spectrum of V1298 Tau b Open
We present the JWST/NIRSpec G395H transmission spectrum of the young (10–30 Myr) transiting planet V1298 Tau b (9.85 ± 0.35 R ⊕ , T eq = 670 K). Combined Hubble Space Telescope and JWST observations reveal a haze-free, H/He-dominated atmos…
View article: The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South III: Seeing deeper into the metal depleted atmosphere of a gas-giant on the cusp of the hot to ultra-hot Jupiter transition
The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South III: Seeing deeper into the metal depleted atmosphere of a gas-giant on the cusp of the hot to ultra-hot Jupiter transition Open
Ultra-hot Jupiters are a class of gas-giant exoplanets that show a peculiar combination of thermochemical properties in the form of molecular dissociation, atomic ionization, and inverted thermal structures. Atmospheric characterization of…
View article: A Panchromatic Characterization of the Evening and Morning Atmosphere of WASP-107 b: Composition and Cloud Variations, and Insight into the Effect of Stellar Contamination
A Panchromatic Characterization of the Evening and Morning Atmosphere of WASP-107 b: Composition and Cloud Variations, and Insight into the Effect of Stellar Contamination Open
Limb-resolved transmission spectroscopy has the potential to transform our understanding of exoplanetary atmospheres. By separately measuring the transmission spectra of the evening and morning limbs, these atmospheric regions can be indiv…
View article: From Pretransit to Posteclipse: Investigating the Impact of 3D Temperature, Chemistry, and Dynamics on High-resolution Emission Spectra of the Ultrahot Jupiter WASP-76b
From Pretransit to Posteclipse: Investigating the Impact of 3D Temperature, Chemistry, and Dynamics on High-resolution Emission Spectra of the Ultrahot Jupiter WASP-76b Open
High-resolution spectroscopy has provided a wealth of information about the climate and composition of ultrahot Jupiters (UHJs). However, the 3D structure of their atmospheres makes observations more challenging to interpret, necessitating…
View article: A Precise Metallicity and Carbon-to-Oxygen Ratio for a Warm Giant Exoplanet from its Panchromatic JWST Emission Spectrum
A Precise Metallicity and Carbon-to-Oxygen Ratio for a Warm Giant Exoplanet from its Panchromatic JWST Emission Spectrum Open
WASP-80 b, a warm sub-Jovian (equilibrium temperature ~820 K, 0.5 Jupiter masses), presents an opportunity to characterize a rare gas giant exoplanet around a low-mass star. In addition, its moderate temperature enables its atmosphere to h…
View article: A JWST Panchromatic Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Warm Neptune Archetype GJ 436b
A JWST Panchromatic Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Warm Neptune Archetype GJ 436b Open
GJ 436b is the archetype warm Neptune exoplanet. The planet’s thermal emission spectrum was previously observed via intensive secondary eclipse campaigns with Spitzer. The atmosphere has long been interpreted to be extremely metal-rich, ou…
View article: A JWST Panchromatic Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Warm Neptune Archetype GJ 436b
A JWST Panchromatic Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Warm Neptune Archetype GJ 436b Open
GJ 436b is the archetype warm Neptune exoplanet. The planet's thermal emission spectrum was previously observed via intensive secondary eclipse campaigns with Spitzer. The atmosphere has long been interpreted to be extremely metal-rich, ou…
View article: Peering into the Black Box: Forward Modeling of the Uncertainty Budget of High-resolution Spectroscopy of Exoplanet Atmospheres
Peering into the Black Box: Forward Modeling of the Uncertainty Budget of High-resolution Spectroscopy of Exoplanet Atmospheres Open
Ground-based high-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy (HRCCS; R ≳ 15,000) is a powerful complement to space-based studies of exoplanet atmospheres. By resolving individual spectral lines, HRCCS can precisely measure chemical abundanc…
View article: From pre-transit to post-eclipse: investigating the impact of 3D temperature, chemistry, and dynamics on high-resolution emission spectra of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76b
From pre-transit to post-eclipse: investigating the impact of 3D temperature, chemistry, and dynamics on high-resolution emission spectra of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76b Open
High-resolution spectroscopy has provided a wealth of information about the climate and composition of ultra-hot Jupiters. However, the 3D structure of their atmospheres makes observations more challenging to interpret, necessitating 3D fo…
View article: A Measurement of the Water Abundance in the Atmosphere of the Hot Jupiter WASP-43b with High-resolution Cross-correlation Spectroscopy
A Measurement of the Water Abundance in the Atmosphere of the Hot Jupiter WASP-43b with High-resolution Cross-correlation Spectroscopy Open
Measuring the abundances of carbon- and oxygen-bearing molecules has been a primary focus in studying the atmospheres of hot Jupiters, as doing so can help constrain the carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio. The C/O ratio can help reveal the evolu…
View article: Spectroscopically Resolved Partial Phase Curve of the Rapid Heating and Cooling of the Highly Eccentric Hot Jupiter HAT-P-2b with WFC3
Spectroscopically Resolved Partial Phase Curve of the Rapid Heating and Cooling of the Highly Eccentric Hot Jupiter HAT-P-2b with WFC3 Open
The extreme environments of transiting close-in exoplanets in highly eccentric orbits are ideal for testing exoclimate physics. Spectroscopically resolved phase curves not only allow for the characterization of their thermal response to ir…
View article: Protosolar D-to-H Abundance and One Part per Billion PH<sub>3</sub> in the Coldest Brown Dwarf
Protosolar D-to-H Abundance and One Part per Billion PH<sub>3</sub> in the Coldest Brown Dwarf Open
The coldest Y spectral type brown dwarfs are similar in mass and temperature to cool and warm (∼200–400 K) giant exoplanets. We can therefore use their atmospheres as proxies for planetary atmospheres, testing our understanding of physics …
View article: A Comprehensive Analysis of Spitzer 4.5 μm Phase Curves of Hot Jupiters
A Comprehensive Analysis of Spitzer 4.5 μm Phase Curves of Hot Jupiters Open
Although exoplanetary science was not initially projected to be a substantial part of the Spitzer mission, its exoplanet observations set the stage for current and future surveys with JWST and Ariel. We present a comprehensive reduction an…
View article: Disequilibrium Chemistry, Diabatic Thermal Structure, and Clouds in the Atmosphere of COCONUTS-2b
Disequilibrium Chemistry, Diabatic Thermal Structure, and Clouds in the Atmosphere of COCONUTS-2b Open
Located 10.888 pc from Earth, COCONUTS-2b is a planetary-mass companion to a young (150–800 Myr) M3 star, with a wide orbital separation (6471 au) and a low companion-to-host mass ratio (0.021 ± 0.005). We have studied the atmospheric prop…
View article: The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South. II. WASP-121 b has Superstellar C/O and Refractory-to-volatile Ratios
The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South. II. WASP-121 b has Superstellar C/O and Refractory-to-volatile Ratios Open
A primary goal of exoplanet science is to measure the atmospheric composition of gas giants in order to infer their formation and migration histories. Common diagnostics for planet formation are the atmospheric metallicity ([M/H]) and the …
View article: Protosolar D-to-H abundance and one part-per-billion PH$_{3}$ in the coldest brown dwarf
Protosolar D-to-H abundance and one part-per-billion PH$_{3}$ in the coldest brown dwarf Open
The coldest Y spectral type brown dwarfs are similar in mass and temperature to cool and warm ($\sim$200 -- 400 K) giant exoplanets. We can therefore use their atmospheres as proxies for planetary atmospheres, testing our understanding of …
View article: First comparative exoplanetology within a transiting multi-planet system: Comparing the atmospheres of V1298 Tau b and c
First comparative exoplanetology within a transiting multi-planet system: Comparing the atmospheres of V1298 Tau b and c Open
The V1298 Tau system is a multi-planet system that provides the opportunity to perform comparative exoplanetology between planets orbiting the same star. Because of its young age (20–30 Myr), this system also provides the opportunity to co…
View article: Peering into the black box: forward-modeling the uncertainty budget of high-resolution spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres
Peering into the black box: forward-modeling the uncertainty budget of high-resolution spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres Open
Ground-based high-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy (HRCCS; R >~ 15,000) is a powerful complement to space-based studies of exoplanet atmospheres. By resolving individual spectral lines, HRCCS can precisely measure chemical abundan…
View article: Assembly, integration, and laboratory testing of the EXCITE spectrograph (Erratum)
Assembly, integration, and laboratory testing of the EXCITE spectrograph (Erratum) Open
The EXoplanet Climate Infrared TElescope (EXCITE) is a near-infrared spectrograph (0.8-3.5 μm, R∼50) designed for measuring spectroscopic phase curves of transiting hot Jupiter-type exoplanets that operates off a high-altitude balloon plat…
View article: The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South II -- WASP-121 b has super-stellar C/O and refractory-to-volatile ratios
The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South II -- WASP-121 b has super-stellar C/O and refractory-to-volatile ratios Open
A primary goal of exoplanet science is to measure the atmospheric composition of gas giants in order to infer their formation and migration histories. Common diagnostics for planet formation are the atmospheric metallicity ([M/H]) and the …
View article: Disequilibrium Chemistry, Diabatic Thermal Structure, and Clouds in the Atmosphere of COCONUTS-2b
Disequilibrium Chemistry, Diabatic Thermal Structure, and Clouds in the Atmosphere of COCONUTS-2b Open
Located 10.888 pc from Earth, COCONUTS-2b is a planetary-mass companion to a young (150-800 Myr) M3 star, with a wide orbital separation (6471 au) and a low companion-to-host mass ratio ($0.021\pm0.005$). We have studied the atmospheric pr…
View article: IGRINS Observations of WASP-127 b: H<sub>2</sub>O, CO, and Super-solar Atmospheric Metallicity in the Inflated Sub-Saturn
IGRINS Observations of WASP-127 b: H<sub>2</sub>O, CO, and Super-solar Atmospheric Metallicity in the Inflated Sub-Saturn Open
High-resolution spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres provides insights into their composition and dynamics from the resolved line shape and depth of thousands of spectral lines. WASP-127 b is an extremely inflated sub-Saturn ( R p = 1.311…
View article: A Comprehensive Analysis Spitzer 4.5 $μ$m Phase Curve of Hot Jupiters
A Comprehensive Analysis Spitzer 4.5 $μ$m Phase Curve of Hot Jupiters Open
Although exoplanetary science was not initially projected to be a substantial part of the Spitzer mission, its exoplanet observations set the stage for current and future surveys with JWST and Ariel. We present a comprehensive reduction an…
View article: Lessons from Hubble and Spitzer: 1D Self-consistent Model Grids for 19 Hot Jupiter Emission Spectra
Lessons from Hubble and Spitzer: 1D Self-consistent Model Grids for 19 Hot Jupiter Emission Spectra Open
We present a population-level analysis of the dayside thermal emission spectra of 19 planets observed with Hubble WFC3 and Spitzer IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 μ m, spanning equilibrium temperatures 1200–2700 K and 0.7–10.5 Jupiter masses. We use grid…
View article: Phase-resolving the Absorption Signatures of Water and Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b with GEMINI-S/IGRINS
Phase-resolving the Absorption Signatures of Water and Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b with GEMINI-S/IGRINS Open
Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are among the best targets for atmospheric characterization at high spectral resolution. Resolving their transmission spectra as a function of orbital phase offers a unique window into the 3D nature of these objec…