ABSTRACT The rapid evolution of the electric vehicle (EV) industry demands advanced materials for battery protection, with polyurethane (PUR) foams emerging as a promising solution due to their thermal insulation, mechanical adaptability, and fire resistance properties. This study introduces an active learning‐driven inverse design (AL‐ID) framework, leveraging machine learning (ML) to systematically optimize PUR foam compositions exhibiting desired density and mechanical strength. AL was employed to iteratively r…

For a drawing of a labeled graph, the rotation of a vertex or crossing is the cyclic order of its incident edges, represented by the labels of their other endpoints. The extended rotation system (ERS) of the drawing is the collection of the rotations of all vertices and crossings. A drawing is simple if each pair of edges has at most one common point. Gioan's Theorem states that for any two simple drawings of the complete graph $K_n$ with the same crossing edge pairs, one drawing can be transformed into the other …

Urine, which has a high concentration of urea, can be used as a sustainable resource for nutrient recovery and sustainable energy. However, urea undergoes hydrolysis, catalyzed by urease, generating ammonia and carbon dioxide. As ammonia is released during hydrolysis in stored urine, the pH rises progressively until the pKa of ammonium is reached (i.e., 9.3). At elevated pH levels, struvite and other related precipitates are formed. These reactions lower the efficiency of ammonia and urea nitrogen recovery and oft…

Abstract Wastewater electrolysis cells (WECs) for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H 2 production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water, waste, and energy carrier. This study reports Ir-doped NiFe 2 O 4 (NFI, ~ 5 at% Ir) spinel layer with TiO 2 overlayer (NFI/TiO 2 ), as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartment cell. In dilute (0.1 M) NaCl solutions, the NFI/TiO 2 marks superior activit…

We study the impact of forbidding short cycles to the edge density of $k$-planar graphs; a $k$-planar graph is one that can be drawn in the plane with at most $k$ crossings per edge. Specifically, we consider three settings, according to which the forbidden substructures are $3$-cycles, $4$-cycles or both of them (i.e., girth $\ge 5$). For all three settings and all $k\in\{1,2,3\}$, we present lower and upper bounds on the maximum number of edges in any $k$-planar graph on $n$ vertices. Our bounds are of the form …