Michael Hout
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View article: Unmarried Americans vote more Democratic than their married counterparts: The role of race and religiosity in the marital gap (a research brief )
Unmarried Americans vote more Democratic than their married counterparts: The role of race and religiosity in the marital gap (a research brief ) Open
Objective We investigate how differences in the characteristics of married and unmarried (never‐married and divorced) voters contribute to a marital gap—unmarried voters are more likely to vote for Democratic presidential candidates. We al…
View article: Clinical text mining of the performance status and progression-free survival to facilitate data collection in cancer research: an exploratory study
Clinical text mining of the performance status and progression-free survival to facilitate data collection in cancer research: an exploratory study Open
Background: Modern electronic medical records (EMRs) contain a valuable amount of data. These data can be unlocked for research by manual data collection, which is highly labor intensive. Therefore, we explored whether automated text minin…
View article: Social mobility in the Tang Dynasty as the Imperial Examination rose and aristocratic family pedigree declined, 618–907 CE
Social mobility in the Tang Dynasty as the Imperial Examination rose and aristocratic family pedigree declined, 618–907 CE Open
Data from the distant past are fertile ground for testing social science theories of education and social mobility. In this study, we construct a dataset from 3,640 tomb epitaphs of males in China’s Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE), which contain…
View article: Replication Data for: Social mobility in the Tang Dynasty as the Imperial Examination rose and aristocratic family pedigree declined, 618–907 CE
Replication Data for: Social mobility in the Tang Dynasty as the Imperial Examination rose and aristocratic family pedigree declined, 618–907 CE Open
Replication data for Social mobility in the Tang Dynasty as the Imperial Examination rose and aristocratic family pedigree declined, 618–907 CE
View article: Part of the gender gap in voting for Democrats arises because a higher proportion of women than men voters are Black
Part of the gender gap in voting for Democrats arises because a higher proportion of women than men voters are Black Open
Women voted for the Democratic candidate more than men did in each US presidential election since 1980. We show that part of the gender gap stems from the fact that a higher proportion of women than men voters are Black, and Black voters o…
View article: Switch to Web-based Surveys During Covid-19 Pandemic Left Out the Most Religious, Creating a False Impression of Rapid Religious Decline
Switch to Web-based Surveys During Covid-19 Pandemic Left Out the Most Religious, Creating a False Impression of Rapid Religious Decline Open
Religion appears to have taken a nosedive during the pandemic, including previously persistent forms of intense religion such as strong affiliation and biblical literalism. However, this apparent secularization is the result of mode effect…
View article: Persistent Inequalities in College Completion, 1980–2010
Persistent Inequalities in College Completion, 1980–2010 Open
Fewer than half of America’s college students complete their bachelor’s degrees. To many, cost seems to be the crucial barrier. Sociologists of education have long argued, though, that inequalities start before costs matter. Entrenched “so…
View article: Stasis and Sorting of Americans’ Abortion Opinions: Political Polarization Added to Religious and Other Differences
Stasis and Sorting of Americans’ Abortion Opinions: Political Polarization Added to Religious and Other Differences Open
Americans disagree on legal abortion now about as much as they did in the 1970s, but their attitudes now sort much more according to political identity. Differences of opinion by religion, gender, race, and work that were key to understand…
View article: Heterogeneous returns to college over the life course
Heterogeneous returns to college over the life course Open
College yields the highest long-term economic returns for the most and least advantaged men.
View article: Updating A Time-Series of Survey Questions: The Case of Abortion Attitudes in the General Social Survey
Updating A Time-Series of Survey Questions: The Case of Abortion Attitudes in the General Social Survey Open
Long-running surveys need a systematic way to reflect social change and to keep items relevant to respondents, especially when they ask about controversial subjects, or they threaten the items' validity. We propose a protocol for updating …
View article: America’s Liberal Social Climate and Trends
America’s Liberal Social Climate and Trends Open
The late James A. Davis characterized American public opinion in the Reagan era as “conservative weather” amidst a liberalizing “climate.” By climate, he meant differences between cohorts, while the weather referred to trends within cohort…
View article: Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments Open
who took time out of their busy schedules to review early drafts of the manuscript, offering constructive criticism
View article: Microaggressions in the United States
Microaggressions in the United States Open
"Microaggressions" is the term scholars and cultural commentators use to describe the ways that racism and other systems of oppression are upheld in everyday interactions. Although prior research has documented the types of microaggression…
View article: Data for: Psychological responses to natural patterns in architecture
Data for: Psychological responses to natural patterns in architecture Open
These data files correspond to the manuscript "psychological responses to natural patterns in architecture."
View article: The Organizational Ecology of College Affordability: Research Activity, State Grant Aid Policies, and Student Debt at U.S. Public Universities
The Organizational Ecology of College Affordability: Research Activity, State Grant Aid Policies, and Student Debt at U.S. Public Universities Open
Sociologists have theorized U.S. universities as a heterogenous organizational ecology. We use this lens to compare student debt and college prices for low-income students across public universities according to their research intensivenes…
View article: The American Opportunity Study: A New Infrastructure for Monitoring Outcomes, Evaluating Policy, and Advancing Basic Science
The American Opportunity Study: A New Infrastructure for Monitoring Outcomes, Evaluating Policy, and Advancing Basic Science Open
The American Opportunity Study is an ongoing initiative to build the country's capacity to access and analyze linked administrative data. It is best viewed as a population-level scaffolding on which other administrative data can then be hu…
View article: Americans’ occupational status reflects the status of both of their parents
Americans’ occupational status reflects the status of both of their parents Open
American workers’ occupational status strongly reflects the status of their parents. Men and women who grew up in a two-earner or father-breadwinner family achieved occupations that rose 0.5 point for every one-point increase in their pare…
View article: Enhanced distractor memory following difficult search: The role of attention allocation in incidental encoding
Enhanced distractor memory following difficult search: The role of attention allocation in incidental encoding Open
There exists a paradoxical finding in visual search: When observers search for multiple targets, relative to single targets, they are slower and less accurate, yet have better incidental memory for non-target items encountered throughout t…
View article: Scene context influences expectations about imprecisely specified search targets
Scene context influences expectations about imprecisely specified search targets Open
When looking for any object from a category (i.e. category search) the variability in appearance between exemplars in a target category influences search performance, with low variability categories leading to shorter reaction times (e.g. …
View article: AFFORDING THE DREAM: Student Debt and State Need-Based Grant Aid for Public University Students
AFFORDING THE DREAM: Student Debt and State Need-Based Grant Aid for Public University Students Open
Public research universities are a key vehicle for educational mobility. Yet rising student debt for undergraduate students has created new risks, particularly for lower income students at lower ranked universities. We find that student lo…
View article: Reliability of the Core Items in the General Social Survey: Estimates from the Three-wave Panels, 2006-2014
Reliability of the Core Items in the General Social Survey: Estimates from the Three-wave Panels, 2006-2014 Open
We used standard and multilevel models to assess the reliability of core items in the General Social Survey panel studies spanning 2006 to 2014. Most of the 293 core items scored well on the measure of reliability: 62 items (21 percent) ha…
View article: Reliability of the Core Items in the General Social Survey: Estimates from the Three-wave Panels, 2006-2014
Reliability of the Core Items in the General Social Survey: Estimates from the Three-wave Panels, 2006-2014 Open
We used standard and multilevel models to assess the reliability of core items in the General Social Survey panel studies spanning 2006 to 2014. Most of the 293 core items scored well on the measure of reliability: 62 items (21 percent) ha…
View article: Object categorization performance modeled using multidimensional scaling and category-consistent features
Object categorization performance modeled using multidimensional scaling and category-consistent features Open
The ability to categorize objects is a ubiquitous human behavior that, like many aspects of cognition, is accomplished so rapidly as to seldom enter consciousness. Yet somehow an instance of a basset hound is classified as a family pet, a …
View article: Examining Confirmatory Strategies in Visual Search: People are more flexible than you think
Examining Confirmatory Strategies in Visual Search: People are more flexible than you think Open
Visual search, by definition, entails confirming whether an object of interest is present or not. However, the role of disconfirmation in search is often overlooked. For example, imagine that you are at a party, and your friend asks you to…