Explanipedia

Energy transition geoscience is an urgent research need for Africa Open

Michael H. Stephenson, Hassina Mouri, Olugbenga Okunlola, Monica Chamussa, Cheng Li , et al. · 2025

The population of Africa is growing at a rate of over 2.3% per year, the highest rate of growth among the continents, and it contained the world's 20 fastest-growing economies in 2024. Its economy is partly driven by its large resources of…

Improving the temporal resolution of middle Eocene–late Oligocene foraminiferal biomagneto-chronology: Insights from CONOP and chronologic significance of biotic events Open

Zhengbo Lu, Junxuan Fan, Bridget S. Wade, James Ogg, Laia Alegret , et al. · 2025

To understand Earth's history, a comprehensive time scale integrating available stratigraphic information is crucial. The middle Eocene to late Oligocene offers abundant stratigraphic information, including foraminiferal and magnetostratig…

Effect of Steep Climate Gradient on Palynological Assemblages on the Arabian Part of the Tethys Shore in Two Carboniferous-Permian Ice Age Time Slices Open

Michael H. Stephenson, Shu‐zhong Shen, Junxuan Fan, Linshu Hu, Qi Jin · 2025

Sampling and Analysis Plan for LSL2 Underground Storage Tank Evaluation of PFAS in Soil: Protection of Groundwater Open

Amoret L. Bunn, D. Fagan, R. J. Wilson, Christian D. Johnson, Mark Rockhold , et al. · 2024

This SAP gathers all pertinent information relevant to the sampling and analysis of soil at the removal site for a former 10,000-gallon UST and reference sites in the vicinity of the excavation site. Data Quality Objectives establishes the…

Palynological variability within the Permian (Changhsingian) Umm Irna Formation (Jordan): implications for biostratigraphy and fluid-flow character in alluvial formations Open

Michael H. Stephenson, Benjamin Bomfleur, Phillip E. Jardine, Hans Kerp, Patrick Blomenkemper , et al. · 2024

The Permian (Changhsingian) Umm Irna Formation (Jordan) yields important plant-fossils that have influenced our understanding of the early evolution of plants that later dominated the vegetation of the Mesozoic. The formation was deposited…

Redefinition of the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) and new Standard Auxiliary Boundary Stratotype (SABS) for the base of Wuchiapingian Stage (Lopingian Series, Permian) in South China Open

Shu‐zhong Shen, Dong‐xun Yuan, Yichun Zhang, M. Henderson Charles, Quan-feng Zheng , et al. · 2023

The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the base-Wuchiapingian Stage was formally ratified at the Penglaitan section in South China in 2005. However, the riverside GSSP section at Penglaitan and its auxiliary section at Tieqiao h…

Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base-Artinskian Stage (Lower Permian) Open

V. V. Chernykh, Charles M. Henderson, Р. В. Кутыгин, Т. V. Filimonova, Guzal M. Sungatullina , et al. · 2023

The base-Artinskian Stage GSSP is defined at 0.6 m above the base of bed 4b at the Dal’ny Tulkas section in the southern Urals of Russia (53.88847N and 056.51615E). This point corresponds to the First Appearance Datum of the conodont Sweet…

The need for joined-up thinking in critical raw materials research Open

Michael H. Stephenson, John Ludden, Jennifer McKinley, Natarajan Ishwaran, Susan Bengtson Nash , et al. · 2023

Critical raw materials (CRMs) will be a cornerstone of the energy transition. CRMs were recognized early by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a prime part of the mitigation effort for climate change and, as such, rese…

Revisiting the upper Visean mud mounds from Derbyshire (UK): the role of brachiopods in their growth Open

Alessandro P. Carniti, Giovanna Della Porta, Vanessa Banks, Michael H. Stephenson, Lucia Angiolini · 2023

Several brachiopod-rich mud mounds occur in the upper Visean (Brigantian) of the Derbyshire Carbonate Platform succession in UK. The re-evaluation of the lithofacies architecture of a Derbyshire mud mound complex, developed in an intraplat…

LOPINGIAN (LATE PERMIAN) PALYNOMORPHS FROM THE CADEBY FORMATION, CADEBY QUARRY, YORKSHIRE, UK Open

Michael H. Stephenson, Duncan McLean · 2023

Seventeen samples from the Cadeby Formation (Lopingian, Permian, EZ1) of Cadeby Quarry near Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK, yielded organic residues including phytoclasts, cuticle, unstructured tissue and generally well-preserved palynomor…

Brachiopod fauna from upper Visean, Mississippian, mud mounds in Derbyshire, UK Open

Alessandro P. Carniti, Giovanna Della Porta, Vanessa Banks, Michael H. Stephenson, Lucia Angiolini · 2022

Carniti, Alessandro P., Porta, Giovanna Della, Banks, Vanessa J., Stephenson, Michael H., Angiolini, Lucia (2022): Brachiopod fauna from uppermost Visean (Mississippian) mud mounds in Derbyshire, UK. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (4): 8…

PALYNOLOGY OF THE PERMIAN OF THE MAKHTESH QATAN-2, RAMON-1 AND BOQER-1 BOREHOLES ARQOV FORMATION, NEGEV, ISRAEL Open

Michael H. Stephenson, Dorit Korngreen · 2021

Palynological assemblages from cores 11 to 14 of Makhtesh Qatan-2, core 3 of Ramon-1 and core 3 of Boqer-1 boreholes from the Arqov Formation of the subsurface of the Negev, southern Israel, suggest that at least part of the Arqov Formatio…

The Deep-Time Digital Earth program: data-driven discovery in geosciences Open

C. Wang, Craig M. Schiffries, Robert M. Hazen, Qian Cheng, Michael H. Stephenson , et al. · 2021

Current barriers hindering data-driven discoveries in deep-time Earth (DE) include: substantial volumes of DE data are not digitized; many DE databases do not adhere to FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) principles; we…

The Deep-Time Digital Earth program: data-driven discovery in geosciences Open

Chengshan Wang, Robert M. Hazen, Qiuming Cheng, Michael H. Stephenson, Chenghu Zhou , et al. · 2021

Current barriers hindering data-driven discoveries in deep-time Earth (DE) include: substantial volumes of DE data are not digitized; many DE databases do not adhere to FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) principles; we…

The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base- Sakmarian Stage (Cisuralian, Lower Permian) Open

V. V. Chernykh, Б. И. Чувашов, Shu‐zhong Shen, Charles M. Henderson, Dong‐xun Yuan , et al. · 2020

The Sakmarian Stage represents a critical time interval because the Late Paleozoic Ice Age reached its acme during this time. After extensive studies, we herein use the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of the conodont Mesogondolella monstra wi…

Progress towards the establishment of the IUGS Deep-time Digital Earth (DDE) programme Open

Michael H. Stephenson, Qiuming Cheng, Chengshan Wang, Junxuan Fan, Roland Oberhänsli · 2020

The Deep-time Digital Earth (DDE) programme of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) has been developed to address the formidable challenge of so called ‘long tail’ data in the geosciences - the unstructured and inherently …

Is the Mississippian Bowland Shale an End-Member? Open

Joseph F. Emmings, Simon W. Poulton, Sarah Davies, Christopher H. Vane, Gawen R. T. Jenkin , et al. · 2020

A Mississippian black shale record of redox oscillation in the Craven Basin, UK Open

Joseph F. Emmings, Simon W. Poulton, Christopher H. Vane, Sarah J. Davies, Gawen R. T. Jenkin , et al. · 2019

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to determine the thermal maturity of organic matter: Application to sedimentary, metamorphic and structural geology Open

Delano G. Henry, Ian Jarvis, Gavin Gillmore, Michael H. Stephenson · 2019

Raman spectrometry is a rapid, non-destructive alternative to conventional tools employed to assess the thermal alteration of organic matter (OM). Raman may be used to determine vitrinite reflectance equivalent OM maturity values for petro…

Geoscience and decarbonization: current status and future directions Open

Michael H. Stephenson, Philip Ringrose, S. Geiger, Michael Bridden, David I. Schofield · 2019

At the 2015 United Nations International Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21), 197 national parties committed to limit global warming to well below 2°C. But current plans and pace of progress are still far from sufficient to achieve …

From marine bands to hybrid flows: Sedimentology of a Mississippian black shale Open

Joseph F. Emmings, Sarah J. Davies, Christopher H. Vane, Vicky Moss‐Hayes, Michael H. Stephenson · 2019

Organic‐rich mudstones have long been of interest as conventional and unconventional source rocks and are an important organic carbon sink. Yet the processes that deposited organic‐rich muds in epicontinental seaways are poorly understood,…

The giants of the phylum Brachiopoda: a matter of diet? Open

Lucia Angiolini, Gaia Crippa, Karem Azmy, Giancarlo Capitani, Giorgia Confalonieri , et al. · 2019

The species of the brachiopod Gigantoproductus are giants within the Palaeozoic sedentary benthos. This presents a dilemma as living brachiopods have low‐energy lifestyles. Although brachiopod metabolic rates were probably higher during th…

The Uses and Benefits of Big Data for Geological Surveys Open

Michael H. Stephenson · 2019

Table of Contents Open

Hans‐Peter Bunge, Lorenzo Colli, Siavash Ghelichkhan, Jens Oeser, Anqing Chen , et al. · 2019

Decodification of Earth Evolution in Deep‐Time Open

Chengshan Wang, Shu‐zhong Shen, Zhou Chenghu, Zengqian Hou, Qiuming Cheng , et al. · 2019

Controls on amorphous organic matter type and sulphurization in a Mississippian black shale Open

Joseph F. Emmings, Jan A.I. Hennissen, Michael H. Stephenson, Simon W. Poulton, Christopher H. Vane , et al. · 2019

LOWER TRIASSIC (INDUAN TO OLENEKIAN) CONODONTS, FORAMINIFERA AND BIVALVES FROM THE AL MAMALIH AREA, DEAD SEA, JORDAN: CONSTRAINTS ON THE P-T BOUNDARY Open

J. H. Powell, Alda Nicora, Maria Cristina Perri, R Rettori, Renato Posenato , et al. · 2019

Upper Permian to Lower Triassic successions exposed in the Al Mamalih area, east of the Dead Sea, Jordan record the transition between the alluvial Umm Irna Formation (Upper Permian) and the overlying shallow marine Ma’in Formation (Lower …

A rapid method for determining organic matter maturity using Raman spectroscopy: Application to Carboniferous organic-rich mudstones and coals Open

Delano G. Henry, Ian Jarvis, Gavin Gillmore, Michael H. Stephenson · 2019

A simple and rapid automated Raman maturity method is calibrated using a suite of Carboniferous organic-rich mudstones and coals from the Inch of Ferryton-1 borehole in the Midland Valley of Scotland. Sediments in the borehole have been th…

PALYNOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE PERMIAN FARAGHAN FORMATION IN THE ZAGROS BASIN, SOUTHERN IRAN Open

Amalia Spina, Michael H. Stephenson, Simonetta Cirilli, MOHAMMAD ARIA-NASAB, R Rettori · 2018

A detailed microfloristic study was conducted in the Faraghan Formation in nine boreholes drilled by the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and in four outcrops in the Zagros Basin. The Faraghan Formation, widely distributed in the Zagros…

Assessing low-maturity organic matter in shales using Raman spectroscopy: Effects of sample preparation and operating procedure Open

Delano G. Henry, Ian Jarvis, Gavin Gillmore, Michael H. Stephenson, Joseph F. Emmings · 2018

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