Michael Tjepkema
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View article: Long-term associations of sector-specific air pollution mixtures with mortality in Canada
Long-term associations of sector-specific air pollution mixtures with mortality in Canada Open
Previous studies often focus on individual air pollutants rather than their mixtures or specific sources. To assess associations between mixtures of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen diox…
View article: Ancestry or identity? The importance of Indigenous engagement in articulating First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples in the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environmental Cohort (CanCHEC)
Ancestry or identity? The importance of Indigenous engagement in articulating First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples in the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environmental Cohort (CanCHEC) Open
Statistics Canada uses two self-report measures - Ancestry and Identity - in the Canadian Census to identify First Nations, Inuit and Métis (FNIM) peoples. How these measures are employed alone or in combination to assess definitional impa…
View article: Understanding mortality differentials of Black adults in Canada
Understanding mortality differentials of Black adults in Canada Open
Prior analyses using national population-based cohorts such as the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts identified elevated mortality risks among Black adults, compared with White adults in Canada. These mortality risks, such as …
View article: Impact of a 10-year shift in ambient air quality on mortality in Canada: a causal analysis of multiple pollutants
Impact of a 10-year shift in ambient air quality on mortality in Canada: a causal analysis of multiple pollutants Open
Health Canada.
View article: Source-Specific Long-Term Associations between Mixtures of Transportation, Industrial and Residential Combustion Air Pollutants (Pm2.5, So2, No2, O3) and Neurological Disease-Related Mortality in Canada
Source-Specific Long-Term Associations between Mixtures of Transportation, Industrial and Residential Combustion Air Pollutants (Pm2.5, So2, No2, O3) and Neurological Disease-Related Mortality in Canada Open
View article: Long-Term Associations of Sector-Specific Air Pollution Mixtures with Mortality in Canada
Long-Term Associations of Sector-Specific Air Pollution Mixtures with Mortality in Canada Open
View article: Airborne ultrafine particle concentrations and brain cancer incidence in Canada’s two largest cities
Airborne ultrafine particle concentrations and brain cancer incidence in Canada’s two largest cities Open
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant and The United States Health Effects Institute (HEI).
View article: Airborne nanoparticle concentrations are associated with brain cancer incidence in Canada’s two largest cities
Airborne nanoparticle concentrations are associated with brain cancer incidence in Canada’s two largest cities Open
View article: Epidemiological studies likely need to consider PM2.5 composition even if total outdoor PM2.5 mass concentration is the exposure of interest
Epidemiological studies likely need to consider PM2.5 composition even if total outdoor PM2.5 mass concentration is the exposure of interest Open
Background: Outdoor fine particulate air pollution, <2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) mass concentrations can be constructed through many different combinations of chemical components that have varying levels of toxicity. This poses a challenge for studie…
View article: Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities
Inequality in the Distribution of Air Pollution Attributable Mortality Within Canadian Cities Open
Recent studies have identified inequality in the distribution of air pollution attributable health impacts, but to our knowledge this has not been examined in Canadian cities. We evaluated the extent and sources of inequality in air pollut…
View article: The prevalence of household air conditioning in Canada
The prevalence of household air conditioning in Canada Open
Household air conditioning is one of the most effective approaches for reducing the health impacts of heat exposure; however, few studies have measured the prevalence of household air conditioning in Canada. This study explores the prevale…
View article: Using Parametric g-Computation to Estimate the Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on Mortality Risk and Simulate the Benefits of Hypothetical Policies: The Canadian Community Health Survey Cohort (2005 to 2015)
Using Parametric g-Computation to Estimate the Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on Mortality Risk and Simulate the Benefits of Hypothetical Policies: The Canadian Community Health Survey Cohort (2005 to 2015) Open
We found evidence that any intervention further reducing the long-term exposure to would reduce the cumulative mortality risk, with greater benefits in the older population, even in a population already exposed to low levels of ambient . …
View article: Mortality inequalities of Black adults in Canada
Mortality inequalities of Black adults in Canada Open
Mortality rates in Canada have been shown to vary by population groups (e.g., Indigenous peoples, immigrants) and social economic status (e.g., income levels). Mortality patterns for some groups, including Black individuals, are not as wel…
View article: Using parametric g-computation to estimate the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on mortality risk and simulate the benefits of hypothetical policies: the Canadian Community Health Survey cohort (2005 to 2015)
Using parametric g-computation to estimate the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on mortality risk and simulate the benefits of hypothetical policies: the Canadian Community Health Survey cohort (2005 to 2015) Open
Background Numerous epidemiological studies have documented the adverse health impact of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) on mortality even at relatively low levels. However, methodological challenges remain to consi…
View article: Impact of lowering fine particulate matter from major emission sources on mortality in Canada: A nationwide causal analysis
Impact of lowering fine particulate matter from major emission sources on mortality in Canada: A nationwide causal analysis Open
Emissions of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) from human activities have been linked to substantial disease burdens, but evidence regarding how reducing PM 2.5 at its sources would improve public health is sparse. We followed a population…
View article: How low can you go? Air pollution affects mortality at very low levels
How low can you go? Air pollution affects mortality at very low levels Open
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released new guidelines for outdoor fine particulate air pollution (PM 2.5 ) recommending an annual average concentration of 5 μg/m 3 . Yet, our understanding of the concentration-response relat…
View article: Long-term Exposure to Oxidant Gases and Mortality: Effect Modification by PM2.5 Transition Metals and Oxidative Potential
Long-term Exposure to Oxidant Gases and Mortality: Effect Modification by PM2.5 Transition Metals and Oxidative Potential Open
Background: Populations are simultaneously exposed to outdoor concentrations of oxidant gases (i.e., O 3 and NO 2 ) and fine particulate air pollution (PM 2.5 ). Since oxidative stress is thought to be an important mechanism explaining air…
View article: Air pollution impacts at very low levels: Shape of the concentration-mortality relationship in a large population-based Canadian cohort
Air pollution impacts at very low levels: Shape of the concentration-mortality relationship in a large population-based Canadian cohort Open
Background Mortality is associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter, although the form of these associations remain poorly understood at lower concentrations. We applied novel 1 km satellite-derived estimates of PM2.5 exp…
View article: Combined Deep Learning and Land Use Regression Models for Ultrafine Particles and Black Carbon in Montreal and Toronto, Canada
Combined Deep Learning and Land Use Regression Models for Ultrafine Particles and Black Carbon in Montreal and Toronto, Canada Open
BACKGROUND: Ambient ultrafine particles (UFP; <100nm) and black carbon (BC) have been associated with adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and brain tumour incidence. Estimating population exposures for these pollutants…
View article: Industrial air pollutant emissions and mortality from Alzheimer's disease in Canada
Industrial air pollutant emissions and mortality from Alzheimer's disease in Canada Open
Background: There is increasing interest in the health effects of source-specific air pollution. However, the relationship between industrial air pollutants and Alzheimer's disease has received limited investigation. Objectives: To assess …
View article: Neighbourhood walkability and mortality: Findings from a 15-year follow-up of a nationally representative cohort of Canadian adults in urban areas
Neighbourhood walkability and mortality: Findings from a 15-year follow-up of a nationally representative cohort of Canadian adults in urban areas Open
Canadian adults who live in walkable neighbourhoods have lower rates of cardiovascular and non-accidental mortality, with the greatest benefits seen in those from the lowest socioeconomic groups.
View article: Industrial Air Pollutant Emissions and Mortality from Alzheimer's Disease in Canada
Industrial Air Pollutant Emissions and Mortality from Alzheimer's Disease in Canada Open
View article: Changes in exposure to ambient fine particulate matter after relocating and long term survival in Canada: quasi-experimental study
Changes in exposure to ambient fine particulate matter after relocating and long term survival in Canada: quasi-experimental study Open
Objective To investigate the association between changes in long term residential exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and premature mortality in Canada. Design Population based quasi-experimental study. Setting Canada. Pa…
View article: Urban active living environments and cardiovascular disease mortality: a Canadian national cohort study
Urban active living environments and cardiovascular disease mortality: a Canadian national cohort study Open
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Neighbourhoods conducive to utilitarian walking and active living are associated with higher physical activity and lower cardiovascular risk factors. Most evidence, however, has been drawn from ecological studies. Our a…
View article: Long-term ozone exposure and mortality from neurological diseases in Canada
Long-term ozone exposure and mortality from neurological diseases in Canada Open
View article: Cancer risks in a population-based study of 70,570 agricultural workers: results from the Canadian census health and Environment cohort (CanCHEC)
Cancer risks in a population-based study of 70,570 agricultural workers: results from the Canadian census health and Environment cohort (CanCHEC) Open
Background Agricultural workers may be exposed to potential carcinogens including pesticides, sensitizing agents and solar radiation. Previous studies indicate increased risks of hematopoietic cancers and decreased risks at other sites, po…
View article: Cancer risks in a population-based study of 70,570 agricultural workers: results from the Canadian census health and Environment cohort (CanCHEC)
Cancer risks in a population-based study of 70,570 agricultural workers: results from the Canadian census health and Environment cohort (CanCHEC) Open
Background Agricultural workers may be exposed to potential carcinogens including pesticides, sensitizing agents and solar radiation. Previous studies indicate increased risks of hematopoietic cancers and decreased risks at other sites, po…
View article: Self-rated stress, distress, mental health, and health as modifiers of the association between long-term exposure to ambient pollutants and mortality
Self-rated stress, distress, mental health, and health as modifiers of the association between long-term exposure to ambient pollutants and mortality Open
Poor self-rated mental and general health were associated with increased mortality attributed to exposure to ambient pollutants.
View article: Disease assimilation: The mortality impacts of fine particulate matter on immigrants to Canada
Disease assimilation: The mortality impacts of fine particulate matter on immigrants to Canada Open
The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of non accidental and cause specific mortality associated with long term exposure to PM2.5 among immigrants after they arrived in Canada, and to assess how this risk compares with that of th…
View article: Accuracy of matching residential postal codes to census geography
Accuracy of matching residential postal codes to census geography Open
This study describes the characteristics of residential postal codes of the Canadian population using the 2016 Census and determines how frequently these postal codes are matched to one or more dissemination areas, a unit of census geograp…