Caroline Williams
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View article: Leaving the web: Testing the link between predation style and resting metabolic rate using closely related spiders with contrasting lifestyles
Leaving the web: Testing the link between predation style and resting metabolic rate using closely related spiders with contrasting lifestyles Open
Resting metabolic rate is influenced by numerous biotic and abiotic factors, as well as complex interactions between these factors. Behavior and lifestyle traits have significant influence on metabolic rates, but they closely interact with…
View article: Gummatous mitral valve endocarditis from tertiary syphilis.
Gummatous mitral valve endocarditis from tertiary syphilis. Open
A 50-year-old Romanian gentleman presented with fever, myalgia and 30 kg weight loss. He was treated for syphilis after acquiring it 16 years ago. On examination, there was a pansystolic murmur in the axilla, and the patient had an ataxic …
View article: Defining within-host SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load kinetics during acute COVID-19 infection within different respiratory compartments and their respective associations with host infectiousness: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Defining within-host SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load kinetics during acute COVID-19 infection within different respiratory compartments and their respective associations with host infectiousness: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis Open
Introduction Understanding how RNA viral load changes (viral load kinetics) during acute infection in SARS-CoV-2 can help to identify when and which patients are most infectious. We seek to summarise existing data on the longitudinal RNA v…
View article: Gummatous mitral valve endocarditis from tertiary syphilis
Gummatous mitral valve endocarditis from tertiary syphilis Open
A 50-year old Romanian gentleman presented with fever, myalgia and 30kg weight loss. He was treated for syphilis previously, after acquiring it from his ex-wife 16 years ago. On examination, there was a pansystolic murmur in the axilla, an…
View article: The effectiveness of personalised food choice advice tailored to an individual's socio-demographic, cognitive characteristics, and sensory preferences
The effectiveness of personalised food choice advice tailored to an individual's socio-demographic, cognitive characteristics, and sensory preferences Open
Personalised dietary advice has become increasingly popular, currently however most approaches are based on an individual's genetic and phenotypic profile whilst largely ignoring other determinants such as socio economic and cognitive vari…
View article: Outcomes in Patients with Untreated Versus Treated Asymptomatic Bacteriuria within 5 Veterans Affairs Facilities
Outcomes in Patients with Untreated Versus Treated Asymptomatic Bacteriuria within 5 Veterans Affairs Facilities Open
Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is often treated with antibiotics despite recommendations against screening for and treating ASB in most populations. Some providers cite concern for progression of ASB to a symptomatic urinary tr…
View article: Whispers in the Wind: Face Mask Sampling for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Detection in Children With Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Whispers in the Wind: Face Mask Sampling for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Detection in Children With Pulmonary Tuberculosis Open
Background Recently, face mask sampling (FMS) confirmed detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA from exhaled breath in adults with tuberculosis. To date, no study has evaluated the use of FMS to detect pulmonary tuberculosis in childre…
View article: Gummatous mitral valve endocarditis from tertiary syphilis
Gummatous mitral valve endocarditis from tertiary syphilis Open
A 50-year old Romanian gentleman presented with fever, myalgia and 30kg weight loss. He was treated for syphilis previously, after acquiring it from his ex-wife 16 years ago. On examination, there was a pansystolic murmur in the axilla, an…
View article: Classification of early tuberculosis states to guide research for improved care and prevention: an international Delphi consensus exercise
Classification of early tuberculosis states to guide research for improved care and prevention: an international Delphi consensus exercise Open
View article: Face mask sampling (FMS) for tuberculosis shows lower diagnostic sensitivity than sputum sampling in Guinea
Face mask sampling (FMS) for tuberculosis shows lower diagnostic sensitivity than sputum sampling in Guinea Open
Background Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis relies on sputum examination, a challenge in sputum-scarce patients. Alternative non-invasive sampling methods such as face mask sampling (FMS) have been proposed. Objective To evaluate the…
View article: Concomitant, consecutive, self-obtained facemask and swab samples from exhaled breath, pox lesions, nasopharynx and the face in patients recovering from mpox – A longitudinal sampling study
Concomitant, consecutive, self-obtained facemask and swab samples from exhaled breath, pox lesions, nasopharynx and the face in patients recovering from mpox – A longitudinal sampling study Open
View article: Discriminatory Ability of Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Identify Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Predict Prognosis
Discriminatory Ability of Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Identify Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Predict Prognosis Open
Background Rapid diagnostic and prognostic tests for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are urgently required. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic ability of breath analysis using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC…
View article: Exhaled <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Predicts Incident Infection in Household Contacts
Exhaled <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Predicts Incident Infection in Household Contacts Open
Background Halting transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by identifying infectious individuals early is key to eradicating tuberculosis (TB). Here we evaluate face mask sampling as a tool for stratifying the infection risk of in…
View article: Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load kinetics measured by facemask sampling associates with household transmission
Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load kinetics measured by facemask sampling associates with household transmission Open
Exhaled RNA VL measured by FMS is highest in early infection, can be positive in symptomatic patients with concomitantly negative URTS, and is strongly associated with household transmission.
View article: Tuberculosis prevalence: beyond the tip of the iceberg
Tuberculosis prevalence: beyond the tip of the iceberg Open
View article: Discriminatory ability of gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry to identify patients hospitalised with COVID-19 and predict prognosis
Discriminatory ability of gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry to identify patients hospitalised with COVID-19 and predict prognosis Open
Background Tests that can diagnose COVID-19 rapidly and predict prognosis would be significantly beneficial. We studied the ability of breath analysis using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) for diagnosis of COVID-19 an…
View article: Quantification and prognostic significance of interferon-γ secreting SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells in hospitalized patients with acute COVID-19
Quantification and prognostic significance of interferon-γ secreting SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells in hospitalized patients with acute COVID-19 Open
View article: Quantification and prognostic significance of interferon-γ secreting SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells in hospitalised patients with acute COVID-19
Quantification and prognostic significance of interferon-γ secreting SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells in hospitalised patients with acute COVID-19 Open
Little is known about T-cell responses during acute coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We measured T-cell interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses to spike 1 (S1), spike 2 (S2), nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) SARS-CoV-2 antigens using the T…
View article: Rapid tests for quantification of infectiousness are urgently required in patients with COVID-19
Rapid tests for quantification of infectiousness are urgently required in patients with COVID-19 Open
View article: The new UK SARS-CoV-2 variant and lockdown – causes and consequences
The new UK SARS-CoV-2 variant and lockdown – causes and consequences Open
View article: Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 quantified by face-mask sampling in hospitalised patients with COVID-19
Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 quantified by face-mask sampling in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 Open
We demonstrate a simple and effective method for detecting and quantifying exhaled SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Higher FMS viral loads were more likely to be associated with developing severe disease compared to NPS v…
View article: Before the whistle blows: developing new paradigms in tuberculosis screening to maximise benefit and minimise harm
Before the whistle blows: developing new paradigms in tuberculosis screening to maximise benefit and minimise harm Open
We summarise recent emerging evidence around tuberculosis (TB) transmission and its role in tuberculosis epidemiology, and in novel TB screening and diagnostic tests that will likely become available in low-resource settings in the near fu…
View article: Regulation of gene transcription by thyroid hormone receptor β agonists in clinical development for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Regulation of gene transcription by thyroid hormone receptor β agonists in clinical development for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) Open
Thyroid hormones are important modulators of metabolic activity in mammals and alter cholesterol and fatty acid levels through activation of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (THR). Currently, there are several THRβ agonists in clinical…
View article: Regulation of gene transcription by thyroid hormone receptor β agonists in clinical development for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Regulation of gene transcription by thyroid hormone receptor β agonists in clinical development for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) Open
Thyroid hormones are important modulators of metabolic activity in mammals and alter cholesterol and fatty acid levels through activation of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (THR). Currently, there are several THRβ agonists in clinical…
View article: The need for improved discharge criteria for hospitalised patients with COVID-19—implications for patients in long-term care facilities
The need for improved discharge criteria for hospitalised patients with COVID-19—implications for patients in long-term care facilities Open
In the COVID-19 pandemic, patients who are older and residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF) are at greatest risk of worse clinical outcomes. We reviewed discharge criteria for hospitalised COVID-19 patients from 10 countries with th…
View article: Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 quantified by face-mask sampling in hospitalised patients with covid-19
Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 quantified by face-mask sampling in hospitalised patients with covid-19 Open
Background Human to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is driven by the respiratory route but little is known about the pattern and quantity of virus output from exhaled breath. We have previously shown that face-mask sampling (FMS) can dete…
View article: Socio-demographic heterogeneity in the prevalence of COVID-19 during lockdown is associated with ethnicity and household size: Results from an observational cohort study
Socio-demographic heterogeneity in the prevalence of COVID-19 during lockdown is associated with ethnicity and household size: Results from an observational cohort study Open
View article: The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review
The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review Open
NIHR.
View article: Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19
Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19 Open
View article: Exhaled Mycobacterium tuberculosis output and detection of subclinical disease by face-mask sampling: prospective observational studies
Exhaled Mycobacterium tuberculosis output and detection of subclinical disease by face-mask sampling: prospective observational studies Open