Explanipedia

Academic procrastination among Sudanese medical students through the lens of gender: a cross-sectional study Open

Kamal Khalil, W. M. Ahmed, Ahmed Balla M. Ahmed, Nashwa Awad Eltom, Mohamed H. Elbadawi , et al. · 2025

This study found that gender was not a significant factor in academic procrastination among Sudanese medical students. Socio-economic factors, particularly employment status and income, had a greater influence. Interventions should focus o…

Quantum Concepts and Techniques in Classical Domains: Phonons and Plasmons Open

M. Babiker · 2025

The turning point which sparked the initiation of quantum theory was the Planck-Einstein postulate that the energy of a monochromatic radiation field is quantized in terms of photons and this was followed by the development of the principl…

Time dilation effects in micron-size rotating optical Ferris-wheel traps Open

V. E. Lembessis, Jun Yuan, Koray Köksal, M. Babiker · 2025

Advances in lasers and atomic clock technologies have enabled delicate measurements to be made of minute relativistic effects. Here, we propose that such developments should lead to the measurement of relativistic effects involving atoms a…

Magneto-optical polarisation texturing Open

Koray Köksal, Fatma Tambağ, Jamal Berakdar, M. Babiker · 2025

Left and right circularly polarized transverse electromagnetic waves propagate at slightly different speeds in a magnetic material leading to a polarization rotation by an amount proportional to the projection of the magnetic field along t…

Optical SAM and spin torque of radially/azimuthally-polarised modes in magneto-optic media Open

M. Babiker · 2025

Gauge and unitary transformations in multipolar quantum optics Open

M. Babiker · 2024

Multipolar quantum optics deals with the interaction of light with matter as a many-body bound system of charged particles where the coupling to electromagnetic fields is in terms of the multipolar electric polarization and magnetization. …

Optical forces on atoms subject to higher-order Poincaré vortex modes Open

Smail Bougouffa, M. Babiker · 2024

The interaction of atoms with higher-order Poincaré optical vortex modes of order $m\geq 0$ is explored for light close to resonance with atomic dipole transitions. It is well-known that atoms subject to optical vortex modes experience bot…

Intrinsic angular momentum, spin and helicity of higher-order Poincaré modes Open

M. Babiker, Koray Köksal, V. E. Lembessis, Jun Yuan · 2024

The availability of coherent sources of higher order Poincaré optical beams have opened up new opportunities for applications such as in the optical trapping of atoms and small particles, the manipulation of chirally-sensitive systems and …

Intrinsic angular momentum, spin and helicity of higher-order Poincare modes Open

M. Babiker, Koray Köksal, V. E. Lembessis, Jun Yuan · 2024

The availability of coherent sources of higher order Poincare optical beams have opened up new opportunities for applications such as in the optical trapping of atoms and small particles, the manipulation of chirally-sensitive systems and …

Reply to Comment by K. Forbes on "The super-chirality of vector twisted light" by M. Babiker, J. Yuan, K. Koksal and V. E. Lembessis; Optics Communications 554, 130185 (2024) Open

M. Babiker, Jun Yuan, Koray Köksal, V. E. Lembessis · 2024

We respond to the recent comment in Optics Communications by Kayn Forbes on our recent Optics Communications article and we maintain that, contrary to what Forbes claims, substantial superchirality exists as a property of the $m\geq 1$ hig…

Miniature atom bottle traps enabled by chiral doughnut light Open

V. E. Lembessis, Koray Köksal, M. Babiker, Jun Yuan · 2024

We highlight what we believe to be a novel optical set-up which enables the confinement of cold atoms in a finite set of sub-wavelength bottle traps. This involves two counter-propagating vortex beams with the same winding number ℓ = ±1 an…

Reply to Comment by K. Forbes on ‘The Super-Chirality of Vector Twisted Light’ by M.Babiker, J.Yuan, K. Koksal and V. E. Lembessis; Optics Communications 554, 130185(2024) Open

Koray Köksal, M. Babiker, Jun Yuan, V. E. Lembessis · 2024

The super-chirality of vector twisted light Open

M. Babiker, Jun Yuan, Koray Köksal, V. E. Lembessis · 2023

Vector vortex light of topological order m arises as a superposition of two twisted modes with phase functions e±imϕ (with ϕ the azimuthal variable) and circular polarisations (σ=∓1). We demonstrate that when m is sufficiently large these …

Absorption of hybrid fibre modes by Cs atoms in quadrupole transitions Open

Smail Bougouffa, M. Babiker · 2023

We evaluate the rate of the absorption of an optical nanofibre mode by a Cs atom in an electric quadrupole transition. With the Cs atom localised near the outer surface of the optical nano-fibre, an interaction occurs between the atomic qu…

Miniature atom bottle traps enabled by chiral doughnut light Open

Jun Yuan, Koray Köksal, V. E. Lembessis, M. Babiker · 2023

A novel optical set-up which enables cold atoms to be trapped in a finite set of miniature (sub-wavelength) bottle traps is highlighted. These bottle traps are formed when the atoms interact with a tightly focused standing wave due to two-…

Miniature atom bottle traps enabled by chiral doughnut light Open

Jun Yuan, Koray Köksal, V. E. Lembessis, M. Babiker · 2023

A novel optical set-up which enables cold atoms to be trapped in a finite set of miniature (sub-wavelength) bottle traps is highlighted. These bottle traps are formed when the atoms interact with a tightly focused standing wave due to two-…

Optical characteristics of radially-polarised twisted light Open

Koray Köksal, M. Babiker, V E Lembessis · 2023

Recent work has confirmed that radially-polarised optical modes, specifically those endowed with helical wave fronts can now be routinely generated in the laboratory. Here we show that such a paraxial mode carries only an axial total optic…

Direct Observation of the Faraday Rotation Using Radially-Polarized Twisted Light Open

Fatma Tambağ, Koray Köksal, F. Yιldιz, M. Babiker · 2023

A novel experimental technique for the realisation of the optical Faraday effect using Laguerre- Gaussian (LG) light is described. The experiment employs a zero-order vortex half-wave retarder to generate a radially or azimuthally-polarise…

Super-chirality of paraxial higher order Poincare modes Open

M. Babiker, Jun Yuan, Koray Köksal, V. E. Lembessis · 2023

We demonstrate that higher order Poincare modes of order m are super-chiral, displaying enhancement factors proportional to $m$ and $m^2$ in their helicity/chirality. With m having arbitrarily large integer values, such modes, in principle…

Helicity of Magnetic Fields Associated with Non-Relativistic Electron Open

Norah Alsaawi, V. E. Lembessis, A. Lyras, M. Babiker, Jun Yuan · 2023

Direct Observation of the Faraday Rotation Using Radially-Polarized Twisted Light Open

Koray Köksal, Fatma Tambağ, F. Yιldιz, M. Babiker · 2023

Angular Momentum-Carrying Radially-Polarised Twisted Light Open

M. Babiker, Koray Köksal, V. E. Lembessis · 2023

The zero helicity and chirality of optical vortices Open

M. Babiker, Jun Yuan, V. E. Lembessis, Koray Köksal · 2022

We show that any uniformly linearly-polarised paraxial vortex mode carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has zero spin angular momentum (SAM) density, but exhibits non-zero helicity density distributions. Such a mode then possesses chira…

Optical angular momentum in atomic transitions: a paradox Open

Stephen M. Barnett, Fiona C. Speirits, M. Babiker · 2022

Stated simply the paradox is as follows: it is clear that the orbital angular momentum of a light beam in its direction of propagation is an intrinsic quantity, and therefore has the same value everywhere in the beam. How then can a Gaussi…

The Zero Helicity and Chirality of Optical Vortices Open

M. Babiker, Jun Yuan, V. E. Lembessis, Koray Köksal · 2022

Quadrupole absorption of hybrid optical fibre modes by Cs atoms Open

Smail Bougouffa, M. Babiker · 2021

The rate of the absorption of light endowed with orbital angular momentum by the process of upward quadrupole transitions in Cs atoms is evaluated when the Cs atoms are localised in the vicinity of the outer surface of an optical fibre. Th…

Absorption of hybrid fibre modes by Cs atoms in quadrupole transitions Open

Smail Bougouffa, M. Babiker · 2021

We evaluate the rate of the absorption of an optical nanofiber mode by a Cs atom in an electric quadrupole transition. With the Cs atom localized near the outer surface of the optical nano-fiber, an interaction occurs between the atomic qu…

Chirality-enabled optical dipole potential energy for two-level atoms Open

V. E. Lembessis, Koray Köksal, Jun Yuan, M. Babiker · 2021

We consider the optical dipole potential energy, which arises from the\ninteraction of a two-level atom with a circularly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian\nlaser beam of small waist. The beam is characterized by the existence of a\nlongitudinal…

Quadrupole absorption rate and orbital angular momentum transfer for atoms in optical vortices Open

Smail Bougouffa, M. Babiker · 2020

Recent experiments involving the interaction of optical vortices with atoms in quadrupole transitions have been shown to be accompanied by the exchange of orbital angular momentum (OAM) between the electronic states of the atom and the opt…

Chirality and helicity of optical vortices of small beam waists Open

Koray Köksal, M. Babiker, V. E. Lembessis, Jun Yuan · 2020

The chirality and helicity of linearly polarised Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams are examined. Such a type of light possesses a substantial longitudinal field when its beam waist is sufficiently small and so gives rise to non-zero chirality a…

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