Matthew P. Fox
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View article: Timing of ART initiation with treatment policy changes in South Africa: a cohort study
Timing of ART initiation with treatment policy changes in South Africa: a cohort study Open
Background: Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves uptake, retention, and viral suppression. However, there is limited real-world data for high HIV burden settings including South Africa. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort s…
View article: Code Sharing in Healthcare Research: A Practical Guide and Recommendations for Good Practice
Code Sharing in Healthcare Research: A Practical Guide and Recommendations for Good Practice Open
As computational analysis becomes increasingly more complex in health research, transparent sharing of analytical code is vital for reproducibility and trust. This practical guide, aligned to open science practices, outlines actionable rec…
View article: Heterogeneous impact of mask mandates on U.S. masking behavior: an interrupted time series study
Heterogeneous impact of mask mandates on U.S. masking behavior: an interrupted time series study Open
Despite widespread implementation of mask mandates for COVID-19 transmission control, studies examining their effectiveness have yielded mixed results ranging from strong benefits to no effect. These inconsistencies may arise from a variet…
View article: Effectiveness of the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) for mental and behavioral health outcomes among women struggling to remain adherent to HIV treatment and who have experienced intimate partner violence in South Africa: A randomised controlled trial
Effectiveness of the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) for mental and behavioral health outcomes among women struggling to remain adherent to HIV treatment and who have experienced intimate partner violence in South Africa: A randomised controlled trial Open
Background Rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV in South Africa are among the highest globally. IPV is associated with a range of adverse mental health and HIV outcomes. The Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) is a transd…
View article: Gaps in the Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus care cascade: a national perspective using South Africa’s National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) database
Gaps in the Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus care cascade: a national perspective using South Africa’s National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) database Open
Objective Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) requires lifelong management, yet access to insulin, specialized care, and education is limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While cascade-of-care analyses are well documented for t…
View article: Studies based on health administrative data regarding rare outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease significantly underestimate the true risk—the importance of specificity
Studies based on health administrative data regarding rare outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease significantly underestimate the true risk—the importance of specificity Open
Health administrative data (HAD) have significantly increased our knowledge of rare outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as cancer and mortality. We aimed to assess the information bias imposed by misclassification of the IBD…
View article: Initiation of dolutegravir vs. efavirenz on 12- and 24-month retention and viral suppression: a target trial emulation
Initiation of dolutegravir vs. efavirenz on 12- and 24-month retention and viral suppression: a target trial emulation Open
Initiation of dolutegravir led to an appreciable increase in retention and viral suppression over 24 months when compared to efavirenz. Dolutegravir may lead to increases in long-term retention.
View article: Correction: The fall—And rise—In hospital-based care for people with HIV in South Africa: 2004–2017
Correction: The fall—And rise—In hospital-based care for people with HIV in South Africa: 2004–2017 Open
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002127.].
View article: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of retention and disengagement after initiation on antiretroviral therapy in low‐ and middle‐income countries after the introduction of Universal Test and Treat policies
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of retention and disengagement after initiation on antiretroviral therapy in low‐ and middle‐income countries after the introduction of Universal Test and Treat policies Open
Introduction We previously published a systematic review evaluating retention in care after antiretroviral therapy initiation among adults in low‐ and middle‐income countries from 2008 to 2013. This review evaluates retention after the imp…
View article: Evaluating the impact of differentiated service delivery (DSD) on retention in care and HIV viral suppression in South Africa: A target trial emulation using routine healthcare data
Evaluating the impact of differentiated service delivery (DSD) on retention in care and HIV viral suppression in South Africa: A target trial emulation using routine healthcare data Open
Background Replacing conventional, facility-based HIV treatment with less intensive differentiated service delivery (DSD) models could benefit DSD clients and the health system, but its value depends on maintaining or improving clinical ou…
View article: HIV Patient Treatment Adherence Trajectories in First 24 months After ART Initiation Among Adults: An Electronic Health Records Cohort From South Africa
HIV Patient Treatment Adherence Trajectories in First 24 months After ART Initiation Among Adults: An Electronic Health Records Cohort From South Africa Open
Background: HIV treatment-as-prevention has taken a distinctly biomedical turn focusing on long-acting therapies, yet high adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) cannot be dispensed with. We investigated the dynamics of early treatment …
View article: Multi‐cohort evaluation of “Don't know” responders to self‐report oral health questions: Implications for etiologic research
Multi‐cohort evaluation of “Don't know” responders to self‐report oral health questions: Implications for etiologic research Open
Background Self‐reported data can extend the reach of oral health research, but “Don't know” responses may threaten validity. We explored characteristics of participants who responded “Don't know” to a periodontal health question across th…
View article: Using sputum and tongue swab specimens for in-home point-of-care targeted universal testing for tuberculosis of household contacts: an acceptability and feasibility analysis
Using sputum and tongue swab specimens for in-home point-of-care targeted universal testing for tuberculosis of household contacts: an acceptability and feasibility analysis Open
Introduction Effective strategies are essential for early tuberculosis (TB) detection. Reliance on passive case detection, symptom screening and collection of sputum results in delayed or undiagnosed TB, contributing to on-going TB transmi…
View article: How early-life adversity affects the risk of pediatric-onset immune-mediated inflammatory disease
How early-life adversity affects the risk of pediatric-onset immune-mediated inflammatory disease Open
Early-life biological adversities are important risk factors for developing pIMID. The lower risk observed in the familial dimension was unexpected but may reflect delayed diagnosis in socially vulnerable families. This potential inequalit…
View article: Record linkage without patient identifiers: Proof of concept using data from South Africa’s national HIV program
Record linkage without patient identifiers: Proof of concept using data from South Africa’s national HIV program Open
Linkage between health databases typically requires patient identifiers such as names and personal identification numbers. We developed and validated a record linkage strategy to combine administrative health databases without identifiers …
View article: Exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of uterine leiomyomata, endometriosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome: A register-based Danish cohort study
Exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of uterine leiomyomata, endometriosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome: A register-based Danish cohort study Open
This first study of gynecological risks from residential PCB exposure found no effect, though exposure misclassification and outcome underascertainment may have biased results towards the null.
View article: Evaluating the relationship between summer season and infant salmonellosis in the United States
Evaluating the relationship between summer season and infant salmonellosis in the United States Open
Nontyphoidal Salmonella infection, or salmonellosis, typically presents with diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps and affects over 1 million people in the U.S. annually. Infants and young children are most susceptible to Salmonella infect…
View article: Infertility treatment and postpartum depressive symptoms
Infertility treatment and postpartum depressive symptoms Open
BACKGROUND Infertility treatment (IFT) increases the likelihood of multiple gestations, which are associated with postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). There has been little study of the association between successful IFT and risk of PDS, …
View article: Bayesian inversion of satellite altimetry for Arctic sea ice and snow thickness
Bayesian inversion of satellite altimetry for Arctic sea ice and snow thickness Open
Inverse methods have been widely used in the field of Earth Sciences, particularly in seismology. Here, we introduce a new application of inversion theory to retrieve Arctic sea ice thickness (SIT) and its overlying snow depth (SD) using f…
View article: Preconception Oral Health Is Associated with Modifiable Health Behaviors
Preconception Oral Health Is Associated with Modifiable Health Behaviors Open
The health of prospective parents before conception (i.e., preconception health) has important intergenerational consequences. Although oral health is associated with several reproductive outcomes, it is often absent from preconception hea…
View article: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Retention and Disengagement After Initiation on Antiretroviral Therapy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries After the Introduction of Universal Test and Treat Policies
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Retention and Disengagement After Initiation on Antiretroviral Therapy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries After the Introduction of Universal Test and Treat Policies Open
Background We previously published a systematic review evaluating retention in care after antiretroviral therapy treatment initiation among adults in low- and middle-income countries. We estimated retention at 36 months to be at 74% for st…
View article: Modern sources of controls in case-control studies
Modern sources of controls in case-control studies Open
In 1992, Wacholder et al. developed a theoretical framework for case-control studies to minimize bias in control selection. They described 3 comparability principles (study base, deconfounding, and comparable accuracy) to reduce the potent…
View article: A Criterion for Post-Selected Quantum Advantage
A Criterion for Post-Selected Quantum Advantage Open
Assuming the polynomial hierarchy is infinite, we prove a sufficient condition for determining if uniform and polynomial size quantum circuits over a non-universal gate set are not efficiently classically simulable in the weak multiplicati…
View article: USING SPUTUM AND TONGUE SWAB SPECIMENS FOR IN-HOME POINT-OF-CARE TARGETED UNIVERSAL TESTING FOR TB OF HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS: AN ACCEPTABILITY AND FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
USING SPUTUM AND TONGUE SWAB SPECIMENS FOR IN-HOME POINT-OF-CARE TARGETED UNIVERSAL TESTING FOR TB OF HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS: AN ACCEPTABILITY AND FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS Open
Introduction Effective strategies are needed to facilitate early detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The over-reliance on passive case detection, symptom screening, and collection of sputum, results in delayed or undiagnosed TB, …
View article: Engagement in antenatal and HIV care among pregnant women before and after Option B+ policy implementation in South Africa
Engagement in antenatal and HIV care among pregnant women before and after Option B+ policy implementation in South Africa Open
Background Substantial gains have been made in South Africa in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV over the past decade. Objectives to determine whether engagement in antenatal and HIV care among pregnant Women Living with HIV (…