Explanipedia

Causal Machine Learning Analysis of All-Cause Mortality in Japanese Atomic-Bomb Survivors Open

Igor Shuryak, Zhenqiu Liu, Eric Wang, Xiao Yu Wu, Robert L. Ullrich , et al. · 2025

The health consequences of ionizing radiation have long been studied, yet significant uncertainties remain, particularly at low doses. In particular, traditional dose-response models such as linear, linear-quadratic, threshold, or hormesis…

Recent evolution of risk analyses in atomic bomb survivor studies: new methods and applications Open

John Cologne, Munechika Misumi, Hanna Lindner, Zhenqiu Liu, Richard Sposto · 2025

Several decades ago a dramatic leap forward occurred in the development and application of statistical methods for modeling radiation risk at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF). Poisson regression analysis for grouped person-…

Reproducibility of Age at Menarche Gathered From Mail Questionnaires: A Report From the Life Span Study Open

Yuko Kadowaki, Alina V. Brenner, Michiko Yamada, Hiromi Sugiyama, Mai Utada , et al. · 2025

This is the first study to evaluate menarcheal-age reproducibility between self- and proxy-reports using appropriate measures. Mail questionnaires at 9-year interval showed moderate reproducibility across all ages, including elderly self-r…

High-dose radiation preferentially induces the clonal expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells over mature T and B cells in mouse bone marrow Open

Kengo Yoshida, Munechika Misumi, K. Hamasaki, Seishi Kyoizumi, Yasunari Satoh , et al. · 2025

Radiation induces clonal hematopoiesis (CH) involving high-frequency somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells. However, the effects of radiation on clonal expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells and lymphocytes remain elusive. Here, we…

Spermidine alleviates thymopoiesis defects and aging of the peripheral T-cell population in mice after radiation exposure Open

Kengo Yoshida, Zhenqiu Liu, Yoshiko Kubo, Masahiko Miura, Mika Yamaoka , et al. · 2024

A note on potential gains in precision of radiation risk estimates from joint analysis Open

Richard Sposto, Munechika Misumi, John Cologne · 2024

Establishment and activity of the planning and acting network for low dose radiation research in Japan (PLANET): 2016–2023 Open

Yutaka Yamada, Tatsuhiko Imaoka, Toshiyasu Iwasaki, Junya Kobayashi, Munechika Misumi , et al. · 2024

The Planning and Acting Network for Low Dose Radiation Research in Japan (PLANET) was established in 2017 in response to the need for an all-Japan network of experts. It serves as an academic platform to propose strategies and facilitate c…

When Prior Events Predict Future Risk: The Freedom-from-Event Effect and Dynamic Clinical Risk Estimation with Frailty Models Open

Tomoki Nakamizo, Munechika Misumi · 2024

Neurocognitive Function in Aged Survivors Exposed to Atomic Bomb Radiation In Utero: The Radiation Effects Research Foundation Adult Health Study Open

Hiroko Kitamura, Kayoko Ishihara, Naohiro Kato, Munechika Misumi, Ayumi Hida , et al. · 2023

Although some adverse effects on neurocognitive function have been reported in children and adolescents irradiated prenatally during the atomic bombings and the Chernobyl nuclear accident, little information is available for effects on the…

Female “Paradox” in Atrial Fibrillation—Role of Left Truncation Due to Competing Risks Open

Tomoki Nakamizo, Munechika Misumi, Tetsuya Takahashi, Satoshi Kurisu, Masayasu Matsumoto , et al. · 2023

Female sex in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is a controversial and paradoxical risk factor for stroke—controversial because it increases the risk of stroke only among older women of some ethnicities and paradoxical because it appe…

Massive expansion of multiple clones in the mouse hematopoietic system long after whole-body X-irradiation Open

Kengo Yoshida, Yasunari Satoh, Arikuni Uchimura, Munechika Misumi, Seishi Kyoizumi , et al. · 2022

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is prevalent in the elderly and associates with hematologic malignancy and cardiovascular disease. Although the risk of developing these diseases increases with radiation doses in atomic-bomb survivors, the causal…

Risk Ratio and Risk Difference Estimation in Case-cohort Studies Open

Hisashi Noma, Munechika Misumi, Shiro Tanaka · 2022

The ordinary logistic regression analyses may provide uninterpretable effect measure estimates, and the risk ratio and risk difference estimation methods are effective alternative approaches for case-cohort studies. These methods are espec…

Chromosome aberrations among atomic-bomb survivors exposed in utero: updated analysis accounting for revised radiation doses and smoking Open

John Cologne, Hiromi Sugiyama, K. Hamasaki, Yoshimi Tatsukawa, Benjamin French , et al. · 2022

Radiation effects on atherosclerosis in atomic bomb survivors: a cross‐sectional study using structural equation modeling Open

Tomoki Nakamizo, John Cologne, Kismet A. Cordova, Michiko Yamada, Tetsuya Takahashi , et al. · 2021

Mortality among individuals exposed to atomic bomb radiation in utero: 1950–2012 Open

Hiromi Sugiyama, Munechika Misumi, Ritsu Sakata, Alina V. Brenner, Mai Utada , et al. · 2021

We examined the mortality risks among 2463 individuals who were exposed in utero to atomic bomb radiation in Hiroshima or Nagasaki in August 1945 and were followed from October 1950 through 2012. Individual estimates of mother’s weighted a…

Biologically-based modeling of radiation risk and biomarker prevalence for papillary thyroid cancer in Japanese a-bomb survivors 1958–2005 Open

Jan Christian Kaiser, Munechika Misumi, Kyoji Furukawa · 2021

Thyroid cancer of papillary histology (PTC) is the dominant type in radio-epidemiological cohorts established after nuclear accidents or warfare. Studies on post-Chernobyl PTC and on thyroid cancer in the life span study (LSS) of Japanese …

Biologically-based modeling of radiation risk and biomarker prevalence for papillary thyroid cancer in Japanese a-bomb survivors 1958–2005 Open

Jan Christian Kaiser, Munechika Misumi, Kyoji Furukawa · 2021

Thyroid cancer of papillary histology (PTC) is the dominant type in radio-epidemiological cohorts established after nuclear accidents or warfare. Studies on post-Chernobyl PTC and on thyroid cancer in the life span study (LSS) of Japanese …

Biologically-based modeling of radiation risk and biomarker prevalence for papillary thyroid cancer in Japanese a-bomb survivors 1958 - 2005 Open

Jan Christian Kaiser, Munechika Misumi, Kyoji Furukawa · 2021

Purpose: Thyroid cancer of papillary histology (PTC) is the dominant type in radio-epidemiological cohorts established after nuclear accidents or warfare. Studies on post-Chernobyl PTC and on thyroid cancer in the life span study (L…

Longitudinal changes in red blood cell distribution width decades after radiation exposure in atomic‐bomb survivors Open

Kengo Yoshida, Munechika Misumi, Yoichiro Kusunoki, Michiko Yamada · 2020

Summary Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), which generally increases with age, is a risk marker for morbidity and mortality in various diseases. We investigated the association between elevated RDW and prior radiation exposure by exa…

Association between a biomarker of glucose spikes, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, and cancer mortality Open

Sakurako Kira, Chikako Ito, Rumi Fujikawa, Munechika Misumi · 2020

Introduction 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a biomarker of glucose spikes. To evaluate the effect of acute glucose excursions on cancer death, we clarified the association between 1,5-AG and cancer mortality among Japanese individuals wit…

Increased cancer mortality among Japanese individuals with hyperinsulinemia Open

Sakurako Kira, Chikako Ito, Rumi Fujikawa, Munechika Misumi · 2020

Lifetime Mortality Risk from Cancer and Circulatory Disease Predicted from the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivor Life Span Study Data Taking Account of Dose Measurement Error Open

Mark P. Little, David J. Pawel, Munechika Misumi, Nobuyuki Hamada, Harry M. Cullings , et al. · 2020

Dosimetric measurement error is known to potentially bias the magnitude of the dose response, and can also affect the shape of dose response. In this report, generalized relative and absolute rate models are fitted to the latest Japanese a…

Association between low doses of ionizing radiation, administered acutely or chronically, and time to onset of stroke in a rat model Open

Norio Takahashi, Munechika Misumi, Hideko Murakami, Yasuharu Niwa, Waka Ohishi , et al. · 2020

Exposure to high-doses of ionizing radiation has been reported to be associated with the risk of stroke. However, risks associated with lower dose exposures remain unclear, and there is little information available for the risk modificatio…

Biologically-based modeling of radiation risk and biomarker prevalence for papillary thyroid cancer in Japanese a-bomb survivors 1958–2005 Open

Jan Christian Kaiser, Munechika Misumi, Kyoji Furukawa · 2020

Successful application of our preferred mechanistic model to LSS incidence data confirms and improves the biological two-path concept of radiation-induced PTC. Model predictions suggest further molecular validation studies to consolidate t…

Effects of Radiation on Blood Pressure and Body Weight in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Model. Are Radiation Effects on Blood Pressure Affected by Genetic Background? Open

Norio Takahashi, Munechika Misumi, Yasuharu Niwa, Hideko Murakami, Waka Ohishi , et al. · 2020

In this work, we utilized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wister Kyoto rats (WKY), from which the SHR was established, to evaluate the effects of whole-body acute radiation on the cardiovascular system at doses from 0 to 4 Gy. In…

Longitudinal examination of pancreatic β‐cell function in Japanese individuals Open

Rumi Fujikawa, Chikako Ito, Sakurako Kira, Munechika Misumi · 2019

Aims/Introduction We carried out a retrospective, longitudinal analysis of β‐cell function between a diabetes mellitus group, including those that progressed to diabetes mellitus during the follow‐up period, and a diabetic type with glycat…

Radiation risk of incident colorectal cancer by anatomical site among atomic bomb survivors: 1958–2009 Open

Hiromi Sugiyama, Munechika Misumi, Alina V. Brenner, Eric J. Grant, Ritsu Sakata , et al. · 2019

Radiation effects on colorectal cancer rates, adjusted for smoking, alcohol intake and frequency of meat consumption and body mass index (BMI) by anatomical subsite (proximal colon, distal colon and rectum) were examined in a cohort of 105…

Association of Weight Fluctuation With Mortality in Japanese Adults Open

John Cologne, Ikuno Takahashi, Benjamin French, Akiko Nanri, Munechika Misumi , et al. · 2019

The findings suggest that an association exists between weight variation and heart disease mortality and that weight loss interventions, if deemed to be necessary, should be considered carefully.

Association Between Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease and Radiation Exposure in the Atomic Bomb Survivors Open

Ikuno Takahashi, John Cologne, Daisuke Haruta, Michiko Yamada, Tetsuya Takahashi , et al. · 2018

Background Past reports suggested that total‐body irradiation at 0.5 to 1.0 Gy could be responsible for atherosclerosis. Peripheral artery disease ( PAD ) is a manifestation of systematic atherosclerosis. Whether the consequences of a low‐…

Issue Information Open

Paul Bridgman, Andrew D. McGavigan, Jennifer Martin, Yvonne Bonomo, Christopher Pokorny , et al. · 2018

Underestimation of the serum ascites albumin gradient by

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