Niels‐Henrik Holstein‐Rathlou
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View article: From blood flow to organ function: The physiology of autoregulatory dynamics
From blood flow to organ function: The physiology of autoregulatory dynamics Open
View article: Toward a full-scale model of renal hemodynamics using a reconstructed vascular tree
Toward a full-scale model of renal hemodynamics using a reconstructed vascular tree Open
We have developed the first full-scale steady-state model integrating a realistic vascular network topology of the kidney and its hemodynamic regulatory mechanisms. The vascular network is combined with approximately 30,000 nephron models …
View article: Ephaptic coupling enables action potential conduction
Ephaptic coupling enables action potential conduction Open
Background Cardiac action potentials are believed to propagate solely by electrotonic transmission via gap junctions. In the alternative theory of ephaptic transmission, changes in extracellular electrical fields and ion concentrations may…
View article: Response of the Nephron Arterial Network and Its Interactions to Acute Hypertension: A Simulation
Response of the Nephron Arterial Network and Its Interactions to Acute Hypertension: A Simulation Open
We simulated the dynamics of a group of 10 nephrons supplied from an arterial network and subjected to acute increases in blood pressure. Arterial lengths and topology were based on measurements of a vascular cast. The model builds on a pr…
View article: The renal vasodilatation from β‐adrenergic activation in vivo in rats is not driven by K<sub>V</sub>7 and BK<sub>Ca</sub> channels
The renal vasodilatation from β‐adrenergic activation in vivo in rats is not driven by K<sub>V</sub>7 and BK<sub>Ca</sub> channels Open
The mechanisms behind renal vasodilatation elicited by stimulation of β‐adrenergic receptors are not clarified. As several classes of K channels are potentially activated, we tested the hypothesis that KV7 and BKCa channels contribute to t…
View article: Interacting information streams on the nephron arterial network
Interacting information streams on the nephron arterial network Open
Blood flow and glomerular filtration in the kidney are regulated by two mechanisms acting on the afferent arteriole of each nephron. The two mechanisms operate as limit cycle oscillators, each responding to a different signal. The myogenic…
View article: A hybrid approach to full-scale reconstruction of renal arterial network
A hybrid approach to full-scale reconstruction of renal arterial network Open
View article: A Hybrid Approach to Full-Scale Reconstruction of Renal Arterial Network
A Hybrid Approach to Full-Scale Reconstruction of Renal Arterial Network Open
The renal vasculature, acting as a resource distribution network, plays an important role in both the physiology and pathophysiology of the kidney. However, no imaging techniques allow an assessment of the structure and function of the ren…
View article: Synchronization in renal microcirculation unveiled with high-resolution blood flow imaging
Synchronization in renal microcirculation unveiled with high-resolution blood flow imaging Open
Internephron interaction is fundamental for kidney function. Earlier studies have shown that nephrons signal to each other, synchronize over short distances, and potentially form large synchronized clusters. Such clusters would play an imp…
View article: Author response: Synchronization in renal microcirculation unveiled with high-resolution blood flow imaging
Author response: Synchronization in renal microcirculation unveiled with high-resolution blood flow imaging Open
View article: Diet-induced hypertension in rats is associated with increased renal vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II after imitated endothelial dysfunction
Diet-induced hypertension in rats is associated with increased renal vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II after imitated endothelial dysfunction Open
The mechanisms behind development of diet-induced hypertension remain unclear. The kidneys play a paramount role in blood volume and blood pressure regulation. Increases in renal vascular resistance lead to increased mean arterial blood pr…
View article: DeepFake electrocardiograms using generative adversarial networks are the beginning of the end for privacy issues in medicine
DeepFake electrocardiograms using generative adversarial networks are the beginning of the end for privacy issues in medicine Open
Recent global developments underscore the prominent role big data have in modern medical science. But privacy issues constitute a prevalent problem for collecting and sharing data between researchers. However, synthetic data generated to r…
View article: Blood flow synchronization in renal microcirculation - a high-resolution imaging study
Blood flow synchronization in renal microcirculation - a high-resolution imaging study Open
Aims Internephron signalling and interaction are fundamental for kidney function. Earlier studies have shown that nephrons signal to each other over short distances and adjust their activity accordingly. Micropuncture experiments revealed …
View article: Explaining deep neural networks for knowledge discovery in electrocardiogram analysis
Explaining deep neural networks for knowledge discovery in electrocardiogram analysis Open
View article: DeepFake electrocardiograms: the key for open science for artificial intelligence in medicine
DeepFake electrocardiograms: the key for open science for artificial intelligence in medicine Open
Summary Recent global developments underscore the prominent role big data have in modern medical science. Privacy issues are a prevalent problem for collecting and sharing data between researchers. Synthetic data generated to represent rea…
View article: Explaining Deep Neural Networks for Knowledge Discovery in Electrocardiogram Analysis
Explaining Deep Neural Networks for Knowledge Discovery in Electrocardiogram Analysis Open
Deep learning-based tools may annotate and interpret medical tests more quickly, consistently, and accurately than medical doctors. However, as medical doctors remain ultimately responsible for clinical decision-making, any deep learning-b…
View article: Vascular function in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease
Vascular function in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease Open
Adults with CCHD had preserved FMD in the brachial artery, but impaired NID response and lower reactive hyperaemia than controls. The preserved FMD and the comparable prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis indicate that CCHD patients have t…
View article: Lack of Connexins 40 and 45 Reduces Local and Conducted Vasoconstrictor Responses in the Murine Afferent Arterioles
Lack of Connexins 40 and 45 Reduces Local and Conducted Vasoconstrictor Responses in the Murine Afferent Arterioles Open
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is an essential structure in the regulation of renal function. The JGA embodies two major functions: tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and renin secretion. TGF is one of the mechanisms mediating renal auto…
View article: Influence of connexin45 on renal autoregulation
Influence of connexin45 on renal autoregulation Open
Renal autoregulation is mediated by the myogenic response and tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) working in concert to maintain renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate despite fluctuations in renal perfusion pressure. Intercellular co…
View article: Interactions between renal vascular resistance and endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization in hypertensive rats in vivo
Interactions between renal vascular resistance and endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization in hypertensive rats in vivo Open
Endothelium derived signaling mechanisms play an important role in regulating vascular tone and endothelial dysfunction is often found in hypertension. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH) plays a significant role in smaller renal a…
View article: Acute intramyocardial lipid accumulation in rats does not slow cardiac conduction per se
Acute intramyocardial lipid accumulation in rats does not slow cardiac conduction per se Open
Diabetic patients suffer from both cardiac lipid accumulation and an increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This correlation suggests a link between diabetes induced cardiac steatosis and electrical abnormalities, however,…
View article: The nephron-arterial network and its interactions
The nephron-arterial network and its interactions Open
Tubuloglomerular feedback and the myogenic mechanism form an ensemble in renal afferent arterioles that regulate single-nephron blood flow and glomerular filtration. Each mechanism generates a self-sustained oscillation, the mechanisms int…
View article: Recombinant erythropoietin acutely decreases renal perfusion and decouples the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Recombinant erythropoietin acutely decreases renal perfusion and decouples the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Open
The effect of recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) on renal and systemic hemodynamics was evaluated in a randomized double-blinded, cross-over study. Sixteen healthy subjects were tested with placebo, or low-dose rhEPO for 2 weeks, or high-d…
View article: Architecture of the rat nephron-arterial network: analysis with micro-computed tomography
Architecture of the rat nephron-arterial network: analysis with micro-computed tomography Open
Among solid organs, the kidney’s vascular network stands out, because each nephron has two distinct capillary structures in series and because tubuloglomerular feedback, one of the mechanisms responsible for blood flow autoregulation, is s…
View article: Modeling of Kidney Hemodynamics: Probability-Based Topology of an Arterial Network
Modeling of Kidney Hemodynamics: Probability-Based Topology of an Arterial Network Open
Through regulation of the extracellular fluid volume, the kidneys provide important long-term regulation of blood pressure. At the level of the individual functional unit (the nephron), pressure and flow control involves two different mech…
View article: Vascular flow reserve as a link between long-term blood pressure level and physical performance capacity in mammals
Vascular flow reserve as a link between long-term blood pressure level and physical performance capacity in mammals Open
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is surprisingly similar across different species of mammals, and it is, in general, not known which factors determine the arterial pressure level. Mammals often have a pronounced capacity for sustained physical…
View article: Laser speckle imaging of intra organ drug distribution
Laser speckle imaging of intra organ drug distribution Open
Laminar flow in arteries causes streaming and uneven distribution of infused agents within the organ. This may lead to misinterpretation of experimental results and affect treatment outcomes. We monitor dynamical changes of superficial cor…
View article: Diet-induced pre-diabetes slows cardiac conductance and promotes arrhythmogenesis
Diet-induced pre-diabetes slows cardiac conductance and promotes arrhythmogenesis Open
Six weeks on a high fructose-fat diet cause electrophysiological changes, which leads to QRS prolongation, decreased conduction velocity and increased arrhythmogenesis during reperfusion. These alterations are not explained by altered gap …
View article: Dynamic cerebral autoregulation to induced blood pressure changes in human experimental and clinical sepsis
Dynamic cerebral autoregulation to induced blood pressure changes in human experimental and clinical sepsis Open
Summary Previous studies have demonstrated that dynamic cerebral autoregulation to spontaneous fluctuations in blood pressure is enhanced following lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) infusion, a human experimental model of early sepsis, whereas by…
View article: Renal Arterial Network Structure by Computed Tomography, and Nephron‐Arterial Interactions
Renal Arterial Network Structure by Computed Tomography, and Nephron‐Arterial Interactions Open
Our goal is to predict interactions that develop among nephrons and between nephrons and the arterial network that supports them. We have developed a computationally simple but physiologically-based mathematical model of the kidney vascula…