Nick Rutter
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Enhancing simulations of snowpack properties in land surface models with the Soil, Vegetation and Snow scheme v2.0 (SVS2) Open
Snow microstructure – characterized by density, grain size, grain shape and arrangement – fundamentally determines snowpack macroscopic properties. Despite this critical role, many land surface models (LSMs) lack explicit representation of…
Snow thermal conductivity controls future winter carbon emissions in shrub–tundra Open
The Arctic winter is disproportionately vulnerable to climate warming and approximately 1700 Gt of carbon stored in high-latitude permafrost ecosystems is at risk of degradation in the future due to enhanced microbial activity. Few studies…
Enhancing simulations of snowpack properties in land surface models with the Soil, Vegetation and Snow scheme v2.0 (SVS2) Open
Snow microstructure—characterized by density, grain size, grain shape and arrangement—fundamentally determines snowpack macroscopic properties. Despite this critical role, many land surface models (LSMs) lack explicit representation of sno…
A Flexible Snow Model (FSM 2.1.1) including a forest canopy Open
Multiple options for representing physical processes in forest canopies are added to FSM, which is a model with multiple options for representing physical processes in snow on the ground. The canopy processes represented are shortwave and …
Simulating snow properties and Ku-band backscatter across the forest-tundra ecotone Open
Sophisticated snowpack models are required to provide accurate estimation of snowpack properties across the forest-tundra ecotone where in situ measurements are sparse. As snowpack properties strongly influence radar scattering signals, ac…
Impact of snow thermal conductivity schemes on pan-Arctic permafrost dynamics in the Community Land Model version 5.0 Open
The precise magnitude and timing of permafrost-thaw-related emissions and their subsequent impact on the global climate system remain highly uncertain. This uncertainty stems from the complex quantification of the rate and extent of permaf…
Identifying Spatial Patterns in Greenhouse Gas Fluxes through an Arctic Tundra Snowpack  Open
Cold season greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been found to make non-negligible contributions to annual carbon budgets in Arctic-boreal regions. The Arctic is warming three to four times faster than the global average, changing the magni…
Simulating snow properties and Ku-band backscatter across the forest-tundra ecotone Open
Sophisticated snowpack models are required to provide accurate estimation of snowpack properties across the forest-tundra ecotone where in situ measurements are rare. As snowpack properties strongly influence radar scattering signals, accu…
Snow thermal conductivity controls future winter carbon emissions in shrub-tundra Open
The Arctic winter is disproportionately vulnerable to climate warming and approximately 1700 Gt of carbon stored in high latitude permafrost ecosystems is at risk of degradation in the future due to enhanced microbial activity. Few studies…
Multi-physics ensemble modelling of Arctic tundra snowpack properties Open
Sophisticated snowpack models such as Crocus and SNOWPACK struggle to properly simulate profiles of density and specific surface area (SSA) within Arctic snowpacks due to underestimation of wind-induced compaction, misrepresentation of bas…
A Flexible Snow Model (FSM 2.1.0) including a forest canopy Open
Multiple options for representing physical processes in forest canopies are added to a model with multiple options for representing physical processes in snow on the ground. The canopy processes represented are shortwave and longwave radia…
View article: Exploring the decision-making process in model development: focus on the Arctic snowpack
Exploring the decision-making process in model development: focus on the Arctic snowpack Open
The Arctic poses many challenges for Earth system and snow physics models, which are commonly unable to simulate crucial Arctic snowpack processes,such as vapour gradients and rain-on-snow-induced ice layers. These limitations raise concer…
Simulation of Arctic snow microwave emission in surface-sensitive atmosphere channels Open
Accurate simulations of snow emission in surface-sensitive microwave channels are needed to separate snow from atmospheric information essential for numerical weather prediction. Measurements from a field campaign in Trail Valley Creek, In…
Snow thermal conductivity controls future winter carbon emissions in shrub-tundra Open
The Arctic winter is disproportionately vulnerable to climate warming and approximately 1700 Gt of carbon stored in high latitude permafrost ecosystems is at risk of degradation in the future due to enhanced microbial activity. Few studies…
Comment on egusphere-2024-1237 Open
Abstract. Sophisticated snowpack models such as Crocus and SNOWPACK struggle to properly simulate profiles of density and specific surface area (SSA) within Arctic snowpacks due to an underestimation of wind-induced compaction, misrepresen…
Impact of Snow Thermal Conductivity Schemes on pan-Arctic Permafrost Dynamics in CLM5.0 Open
The precise magnitude and timing of permafrost-thaw-related emissions and their subsequent impact on the global climate system remain highly uncertain. This uncertainty stems from the complex quantification of the rate and extent of permaf…
View article: Altimetric Ku-band Radar Observations of Snow on Sea Ice Simulated with SMRT
Altimetric Ku-band Radar Observations of Snow on Sea Ice Simulated with SMRT Open
Sea ice thickness is essential for climate studies and numerical weather prediction. Radar altimetry has provided sea ice thickness measurement since the launch of ERS-1 and currently through CryoSat-2, Sentinel-3 and Altika but uncertaint…
Multi-physics ensemble modelling of Arctic tundra snowpack properties Open
Sophisticated snowpack models such as Crocus and SNOWPACK struggle to properly simulate profiles of density and specific surface area (SSA) within Arctic snowpacks due to an underestimation of wind-induced compaction, misrepresentation of …
Supplementary material to "Multi-physics ensemble modelling of Arctic tundra snowpack properties" Open
Supplementary Material (S1) S1: Comparison of CRPS scores for all 120 members of the default, Arctic and mixed ensembles of SVS2-Crocus for the simulation of SSA (m 2 kg -1 ) averaged over the whole snowpack in March 2018, March 2019, Marc…
View article: Comment on egusphere-2023-2926
Comment on egusphere-2023-2926 Open
Abstract. The Arctic poses many challenges to Earth System and snow physics models, which are unable to simulate crucial Arctic snowpack processes, such as vapour gradients and rain-on-snow-induced ice layers. These limitations raise conce…
Improving estimation of spatial precipitation in mountain regions Open
Around 22% of the global population depend on mountain runoff for their water supply. Due to its importance for future water resources, as well as flood and drought planning, an improved understanding of spatial precipitation patterns in m…
Snow accumulation patterns from 2023 Airborne Laser Scanning data in Trail Valley Creek, Western Canadian Arctic Open
Snow cover plays a pivotal role in the Arctic's climate, hydrology, and ecology, making the understanding of its deposition and accumulation dynamics crucial. Snow depth and its duration can directly influence soil temperature: the insulat…
Snow on permafrost: the effect of spatial snow variability on soil temperature in Trail Valley Creek, NWT, Canada Open
Snow is a potent insulator, influencing the temperature of the active layer and the permafrost in the Arctic region. However, our understanding of spatial patterns of snow properties and their interplay with vegetation remains limited due …
View article: Simulating net ecosystem exchange under seasonal snow cover at an Arctic tundra site
Simulating net ecosystem exchange under seasonal snow cover at an Arctic tundra site Open
Estimates of winter (snow-covered non-growing season) CO2 fluxes across the Arctic region vary by a factor of 3.5, with considerable variation between measured and simulated fluxes. Measurements of snow properties, soil temperatures, and n…
View article: Exploring the decision-making process in model development: focus on the Arctic snowpack
Exploring the decision-making process in model development: focus on the Arctic snowpack Open
The Arctic poses many challenges to Earth System and snow physics models, which are unable to simulate crucial Arctic snowpack processes, such as vapour gradients and rain-on-snow-induced ice layers. These limitations raise concerns about …
Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments Open
The carbon cycle in Arctic–boreal regions (ABRs) is an important component of the planetary carbon balance, with growing concerns about the consequences of ABR warming for the global climate system. The greatest uncertainty in annual carbo…
View article: Snow accumulation and ablation measurements in a midlatitude mountain coniferous forest (Col de Porte, France, 1325 m altitude): the Snow Under Forest (SnoUF) field campaign data set
Snow accumulation and ablation measurements in a midlatitude mountain coniferous forest (Col de Porte, France, 1325 m altitude): the Snow Under Forest (SnoUF) field campaign data set Open
Forests strongly modify the accumulation, metamorphism and melting of snow in midlatitude and high-latitude regions. Recently, snow routines in hydrological and land surface models were improved to incorporate more accurate representations…
Evaluating Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model emissivities with 89 to 243 GHz observations of Arctic tundra snow Open
Improved modelling of snow emissivity is needed to improve the assimilation of surface-sensitive atmospheric sounding observations from satellites in polar regions for numerical weather prediction (NWP). This paper evaluates emissivity sim…
View article: Canopy Structure and Air Temperature Inversions Impact Simulation of Sub‐Canopy Longwave Radiation in Snow‐Covered Boreal Forests
Canopy Structure and Air Temperature Inversions Impact Simulation of Sub‐Canopy Longwave Radiation in Snow‐Covered Boreal Forests Open
Longwave radiation is often the dominant source of energy for snowmelt in forests. Measurements at forest sites of varying density in Sweden and Finland show that downwelling longwave radiation is enhanced under forest canopies, even for s…