Explanipedia

Corticosteroid Usage in Modeling Gulf War Illness in Pre-Clinical Models: A Systematic Review Open

Lily Tehrani, Chetana Movva, Joshua Frank, Stephanie Nagy, Riya Davar , et al. · 2025

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a neuroinflammation- and immune-dysfunction-related chronic disease. Corticosteroids, a class of steroid hormones with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, have been studied for their role in…

Autonomic Dysfunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Findings from the Multi-Site Clinical Assessment of ME/CFS (MCAM) Study in the USA Open

Anindita Issa, Jin-Mann S. Lin, Yang Chen, Jacob Elijah Attell, Dana Brimmer , et al. · 2025

Background/Objectives: Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction are common in infection-associated chronic conditions and illnesses (IACCIs), including myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). This study aimed to evaluate auto…

Heightened innate immunity may trigger chronic inflammation, fatigue and post-exertional malaise in ME/CFS Open

Xiaoyu Che, Amit Ranjan, Cheng Guo, Keming Zhang, R. S. Goldsmith , et al. · 2025

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by unexplained fatigue, post-exertional malaise (PEM), and cognitive dysfunction. ME/CFS patients often report a prodrome consistent with infection. We present a …

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Synthetic Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist MIA-690 as a Cognitive Modulator in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness Open

Luis Manuel Salgueiro-Tosta, Arumugam R. Jayakumar, William Kochen, Renzhi Cai, Wei Sha , et al. · 2025

Gulf War illness (GWI) is a multi-symptom disorder affecting veterans of the Persian Gulf operations. Persistent neuroendocrine dysregulation contributes to impairing cognitive capacity and generates anxiety-like behavior. Effective treatm…

Age- and sex-associated effects of C18 ceramide sphingolipids on osteoclastogenesis in experimental models of Gulf War Illness Open

Chiaki Yamada, Amilia Nusbaum, Natasha Sanz, Hawra AlQallaf, Barbara Cameron , et al. · 2025

Heightened innate immunity may trigger chronic inflammation, fatigue and post-exertional malaise in ME/CFS Open

Xiaoyu Che, Amit Ranjan, Cheng Guo, Keming Zhang, R. S. Goldsmith , et al. · 2025

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by unexplained fatigue, post-exertional malaise (PEM), and cognitive dysfunction. ME/CFS patients often report a prodrome consistent with infection. We present a …

Redefining Mitochondrial Therapy for ME/CFS: The Case for MOTS-c Open

Amanpreet Cheema, Lily Tehrani, Shreya Patel, Irina Rozenfeld, Violetta Renesca , et al. · 2025

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating, multi-system disease characterized by profound fatigue, post-exertional malaise (PEM), and a constellation of immune, neurological, and autonomic symptoms. Desp…

Synergistic Cytotoxicity of Permethrin and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐Diethyl‐Meta‐Toluamide on Sinonasal Epithelial Cells Open

Jivianne T. Lee, Saroj K. Basak, Hong‐Ho Yang, Kimberly Sullivan, Tom Maxim , et al. · 2025

N , N ‐Diethyl‐meta‐toluamide (DEET) and permethrin are pesticides commonly used in combination due to their synergistic insecticidal and repellent properties. This study investigates whether simultaneous exposure to these compounds elicit…

Computational modeling-directed combination treatment with etanercept and mifepristone mitigates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness Open

Kimberly A. Kelly, Christopher M. Felton, Brenda K. Billig, Ali A. Yilmaz, James P. O’Callaghan , et al. · 2025

Gulf War Illness is a chronic multi-symptom disorder experienced by over 30% of veterans from the 1990-1991 Gulf War and is increasingly recognized to be driven by underlying persistent neuroinflammation resulting from chemical and physiol…

Gulf War Illness Induced Sex-Specific Transcriptional Differences Under Stressful Conditions Open

Joshua Frank, Lily Tehrani, Jackson Gamer, Derek J. Van Booven, Sarah Ballarin , et al. · 2025

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a multi-symptom disorder affecting 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War veterans and is characterized by post-exertional malaise, neurological symptoms, immune deregulation, and exhaustion. Causation is not understood, and …

Dysautonomia in long COVID is prevalent and could explain the frequency of symptoms Open

Leonardo Tamariz, Igor I. Rozenfel'd, R. Liñares Iglesias, Elizabeth Bast, Santiago Avecillas , et al. · 2025

Background Long COVID presents with a variety of symptoms. Some of those symptoms could be related to autonomic dysfunction. Our aim is to evaluate the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in long COVID patients. Methods We conducted a cros…

Gulf War Illness Induced Sex-Specific Transcriptional Differences Under Stressful Conditions Open

Joshua Frank, Lily Tehrani, Jackson Gamer, Derek J. Van Booven, Sarah Ballarin , et al. · 2025

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a multi-symptom disorder affecting 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War veterans and is characterized by post-exertional malaise, neurological symptoms, immune deregulation, and exhaustion. Causation is not understood, and …

Cognitive assessment in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): a cognitive substudy of the multi-site clinical assessment of ME/CFS (MCAM) Open

Gudrun Lange, Jin-Mann S. Lin, Yang Chen, Elizabeth A. Fall, Daniel L. Peterson , et al. · 2024

Introduction Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) experience cognitive problems with attention, information processing speed, working memory, learning efficiency, and executive function. Commonly, patie…

Neurovascular unit, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration markers in brain disorders Open

Duraisamy Kempuraj, Kirk Dourvetakis, Jessica R. Cohen, Daniel Seth Valladares, Radhika Joshi , et al. · 2024

Neurovascular unit (NVU) inflammation via activation of glial cells and neuronal damage plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases. Though the exact mechanism of disease pathogenesis is not understood, certain biomarkers provide v…

Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions in people with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): a sample from the Multi-site Clinical Assessment of ME/CFS (MCAM) study Open

Elizabeth A. Fall, Yang Chen, Jin-Mann S. Lin, Anindita Issa, Dana Brimmer , et al. · 2024

Longitudinal Assessment of Ocular Biomarkers in Individuals With Gulf War Illness Symptoms Open

James Lai, Karthik Kalahasty, Kimberly Cabrera, Parastou Pakravan, Nancy G. Klimas , et al. · 2024

Introduction Gulf War illness (GWI) is characterized by a constellation of symptoms, including, but not limited to, diarrhea, fatigue, and memory problems that affect Gulf War veterans. Currently, there are no objective biomarkers for GWI.…

Synergistic Cytotoxicity of Permethrin and N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide on Sinonasal Epithelial Cells Open

Jivianne T. Lee, Saroj K. Basak, Hong‐Ho Yang, Kimberly Sullivan, Tom Maxim , et al. · 2024

Background N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide (DEET) and permethrin are pesticides commonly used in combination due to their synergistic insecticidal and repellent properties. This study investigates whether simultaneous exposure to these compound…

Gulf War Illness Is Associated with Host Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Is Linked to Altered Species Abundance in Veterans from the BBRAIN Cohort Open

Ayushi Trivedi, Dipro Bose, Kelly Moffat, Ewan R. Pearson, Dana M. Walsh , et al. · 2024

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a debilitating condition marked by chronic fatigue, cognitive problems, pain, and gastrointestinal (GI) complaints in veterans who were deployed to the 1990–1991 Gulf War. Fatigue, GI complaints, and other chronic…

RETRACTED: Abou-Donia et al. Sex-Based Differences in Plasma Autoantibodies to Central Nervous System Proteins in Gulf War Veterans versus Healthy and Symptomatic Controls. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 148 Open

Mohamed B. Abou‐Donia, Maxine Krengel, Elizabeth S. Lapadula, Clara G. Zundel, Jessica LeClair , et al. · 2024

The Brain Sciences Editorial Office retracts the article, “Sex-Based Differences in Plasma Autoantibodies to Central Nervous System Proteins in Gulf War Veterans versus Healthy and Symptomatic Controls” [...]

RETRACTED: Abou-Donia et al. Using Plasma Autoantibodies of Central Nervous System Proteins to Distinguish Veterans with Gulf War Illness from Healthy and Symptomatic Controls. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 610 Open

Mohamed B. Abou-Donia, Elizabeth S. Lapadula, Maxine Krengel, Emily Quinn, Jessica LeClair , et al. · 2024

The Brain Sciences Editorial Office retracts the article “Using Plasma Autoantibodies of Central Nervous System Proteins to Distinguish Veterans with Gulf War Illness from Healthy and Symptomatic Controls” [...]

PON1 Status in Relation to Gulf War Illness: Evidence of Gene–Exposure Interactions from a Multisite Case–Control Study of 1990–1991 Gulf War Veterans Open

Lea Steele, Clement E. Furlong, Rebecca J. Richter, Judit Marsillach, Patricia Janulewicz , et al. · 2024

Background: Deployment-related neurotoxicant exposures are implicated in the etiology of Gulf War illness (GWI), the multisymptom condition associated with military service in the 1990–1991 Gulf War (GW). A Q/R polymorphism at position 192…

A Double-Humanized Mouse Model for Studying Host Gut Microbiome–Immune Interactions in Gulf War Illness Open

Dipro Bose, Punnag Saha, Subhajit Roy, Ayushi Trivedi, Madhura More , et al. · 2024

Unraveling the multisymptomatic Gulf War Illness (GWI) pathology and finding an effective cure have eluded researchers for decades. The chronic symptom persistence and limitations for studying the etiologies in mouse models that differ sig…

Assessing adherence and competence in delivering telehealth group cognitive behavioral stress management. Open

Marcella May, Molly Ream, Sara F. Milrad, Dolores Perdomo, Sara J. Czaja , et al. · 2024

Treatment fidelity, or consistent therapist adherence and competence in intervention delivery, is an important component of intervention design and dissemination. Yet, few systems have been developed to assess fidelity in telepsychology an…

Characterizing 1991 Gulf War women veterans from the Boston Biorepository and Integrative Network for Gulf War Illness: Demographics, exposures, neuroimaging and cognitive outcomes Open

Maxine Krengel, Dylan Keating, Linda L. Chao, Julianne N. Dugas, Bang‐Bon Koo , et al. · 2024

Objective: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a debilitating multisymptom condition that affects nearly a third of 1990-91 Gulf War (GW) veterans. Symptoms include pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal issues, and cognitive decrements. Our work ha…

Increased Serum MMP-9 in Long-COVID May Reflect Activation of Microglia by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Open

Duraisamy Kempuraj, Irene Tsilioni, Kristina Aenlle, Nancy G. Klimas, Theoharis C. Theoharides · 2024

Long-COVID is a major health concern because many patients develop chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the precise pathogenesis is unknown. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) can disrupt neuronal connectivity and was elevated in patient…

Recent Research Trends in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Disorders Open

Jessica R. Cohen, Annette Mathew, Kirk Dourvetakis, Estella Sanchez-Guerrero, Rajendra P. Pangeni , et al. · 2024

Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic major health disorders. The exact mechanism of…

Heterogeneity in Measures of Illness among Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Is Not Explained by Clinical Practice: A Study in Seven U.S. Specialty Clinics Open

Elizabeth R. Unger, Jin-Mann S. Lin, Yang Chen, Monica E. Cornelius, Britany Helton , et al. · 2024

Background: One of the goals of the Multi-site Clinical Assessment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (MCAM) study was to evaluate whether clinicians experienced in diagnosing and caring for patients with myalgic encepha…

Cardiovascular risk factors predict who should have echocardiographic evaluation in long COVID Open

Leonardo Tamariz, Mathew Ryan, George R. Marzouka, Elizabeth Bast, Nancy G. Klimas , et al. · 2024

Background The need for echocardiograms among patients with long COVID is debatable. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and identify predictors. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional study and incl…

Videoconference-delivered group cognitive behavioral stress management for ME/CFS patients who present with severe PEM: a randomized controlled trial Open

Marcella May, Sara F. Milrad, Dolores Perdomo, Sara J. Czaja, Devika R. Jutagir , et al. · 2024

V-CBSM demonstrates benefits for ME/CFS patients presenting with severe PEM and may reduce the expression of PEM over time.

The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in Gulf War veterans: a follow-up study Open

Linda L. Chao, Kimberly Sullivan, Maxine Krengel, Ronald Killiany, Lea Steele , et al. · 2024

Introduction Gulf War Illness (GWI), also called Chronic Multisymptom Illness (CMI), is a multi-faceted condition that plagues an estimated 250,000 Gulf War (GW) veterans. Symptoms of GWI/CMI include fatigue, pain, and cognitive dysfunctio…

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