Explanipedia

Solar Wind and Pickup Ion (SWAPI) Instrument on NASA’s Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) Open

J. S. Rankin, D. J. McComas, M. Alimaganbetov, N. G. Angold, G. Dunn , et al. · 2025

GLObal Solar Wind Structure (GLOWS) Open

M. Bzowski, R. Wawrzaszek, M. Strumik, Jędrzej Baran, Tomasz Barciński , et al. · 2025

Energy‐Dependent SEP Fe/O Abundances During the May 2024 Superstorm Open

G. D. Muro, C. M. S. Cohen, Zigong Xu, R. A. Leske, A. C. Cummings , et al. · 2025

During mid‐May 2024, active region (AR) 13664 produced a series of M‐ and X‐class flares along with several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that resulted in exceptionally strong aurora at Earth. This study presents in situ solar energetic pa…

Interstellar Dust Experiment (IDEX) Onboard NASA’s Interstellar Mapping And Acceleration Probe (IMAP) Open

M. Horányi, Scott Tucker, Z. Sternovsky, Kush Tyagi, S. Knappmiller , et al. · 2025

The Interstellar Dust Experiment (IDEX) onboard NASA’s Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) is dedicated to measuring the flux, size distribution, and composition of Interstellar (ISD) and Interplanetary (IDP) Dust Particles …

Interstellar Mapping And Acceleration Probe: The NASA IMAP Mission Open

D. J. McComas, E. R. Christian, N. A. Schwadron, M. Gkioulidou, F. Allegrini , et al. · 2025

Distinct Solar Energetic Particle Shock Intensity–Diffusion Coefficient Relationships in the Inner Heliosphere Open

M. E. Cuesta, Federico Fraschetti, G. Livadiotis, Hameedullah Farooki, M. M. Shen , et al. · 2025

It has been inferred from theory that the spatial diffusion coefficient ( κ ) upstream of shocks is anticorrelated with the intensity of solar energetic particles (SEPs) at the shock ( j shock ) motivated by quasi-linear theory (QLT). This…

Persistent Behavior of Low-energy Solar Energetic Particles Observed by Parker Solar Probe During Orbit 15 Open

N. V. Sarlis, G. Livadiotis, D. J. McComas, M. E. Cuesta, Leng Ying Khoo , et al. · 2025

The paper develops a new statistical method for forecasting the arrival time and maximum flux of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We recently showed the persistent behavior of the SEP time series during SEP events. In that study, we …

The 23 July 2024 Fe-rich SEP event observed by Parker Solar Probe/Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun Open

C. M. S. Cohen, Grant Berland, E. R. Christian, R. A. Leske, D. J. McComas , et al. · 2025

Asymmetric Tangential Velocity inside Switchbacks: Implication for Switchback Origin Open

R. Bandyopadhyay, James Ward, D. J. McComas, N. A. Schwadron, Samuel T. Badman , et al. · 2025

Switchbacks are structures in the solar wind marked by large rotations in the magnetic field direction without significant changes in its magnitude, typically accompanied by enhanced bulk speed. Parker Solar Probe (PSP) measurements have e…

Multi-spacecraft observations of energy-dependent SEP Fe/O abundances during the May 2024 superstorm Open

G. D. Muro, C. M. S. Cohen, Zigong Xu, R. A. Leske, A. C. Cummings , et al. · 2025

Magnetic Waves Excited by Newborn Inner-source Pickup H<sup>+</sup> Measured by the Voyager Spacecraft Inside 3 au Open

Sophia J. Hollick, C. W. Smith, Zackary B. Pine, M. R. Argall, C. J. Joyce , et al. · 2025

In S. J. Hollick et al., we surveyed the Voyager magnetic field data from launch through 1990 where the Voyagers 1 and 2 spacecraft reach 43.5 au and 33.6 au, respectively. We identified 637 intervals of wave activity that could be attribu…

Energetic Neutral Atom Fluxes from the Voyager 1 and 2 Directions Open

S. A. Fuselier, E. J. Zirnstein, J. Heerikhuisen, André Galli, J. D. Richardson , et al. · 2025

IBEX observes a globally distributed energetic neutral atom (ENA) flux from the heliosheath and very local interstellar medium (VLISM). Over a 14 yr period, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 traversed the heliosheath from the termination shock to th…

12 yr Full Solar Cycle Maps from IBEX-Lo Interstellar Neutral Atom Observations (2009–2020) Open

F. Rahmanifard, H. Islam, N. A. Schwadron, E. Möbius, K. Fairchild , et al. · 2025

The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission investigates the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) and its interaction with our heliosphere, partly by sampling interstellar neutral (ISN) atoms. Over 15 yr, IBEX has provided data to …

Origins of Persistence in Energetic Neutral Atom Time Series from IBEX Open

N. V. Sarlis, G. Livadiotis, D. J. McComas, M. Alimaganbetov, N. A. Schwadron · 2025

Recently, we studied the persistence of energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes recorded by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) from the north and south polar regions by examining the correct time order for the 14 yr of IBEX data. Here, …

Magnetic Reconnection–driven Energization of Protons up to ∼400 keV at the Near-Sun Heliospheric Current Sheet Open

M. I. Desai, J. F. Drake, T. D. Phan, Zhiyu Yin, M. Swisdak , et al. · 2025

We report observations of direct evidence of energetic protons being accelerated above ∼400 keV within the reconnection exhaust of a heliospheric current sheet (HCS) crossing by NASA’s Parker Solar Probe (PSP) at a distance of ∼16.25 solar…

Magnetic Reconnection–driven Energization of Protons up to ∼400 keV at the Near-Sun Heliospheric Current Sheet Open

M. I. Desai, J. F. Drake, T. D. Phan, Zhiyu Yin, M. Swisdak , et al. · 2025

We report observations of direct evidence of energetic protons being accelerated above ∼400 keV within the reconnection exhaust of a heliospheric current sheet (HCS) crossing by NASA’s Parker Solar Probe (PSP) at a distance of ∼16.25 solar…

Viewing Global Changes in the Heliosheath with IMAP’s Energetic Neutral Atom Imagers Open

E. J. Zirnstein, J. Heerikhuisen, D. J. McComas, J. Bower, G. Clark , et al. · 2025

We present a simulation analysis of NASA’s upcoming Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) energetic neutral atom (ENA) instrument capabilities in viewing “global” changes in the heliosheath (HS) plasma, and the resulting ENA f…

Diverse Dust Populations in the Near-Sun Environment Characterized by PSP/ISʘIS Open

M. M. Shen, J. R. Szalay, Petr Pokorný, J. G. Mitchell, M. E. Hill , et al. · 2025

The Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun energetic particle instrument suite on the Parker Solar Probe is dedicated to measuring energetic ions and electrons in the near-Sun environment. It includes a half-sky-viewing time-of-flight…

15 yr of Interstellar Neutral Hydrogen Observed with the Interstellar Boundary Explorer Open

André Galli, P. Swaczyna, M. Bzowski, M. A. Kubiak, I. Kowalska , et al. · 2025

The interactions of our heliosphere with the surrounding local interstellar medium (LISM) lead to a range of observable phenomena such as energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) from the boundary regions of the heliosphere and the influx of interst…

Comparison of Solar Energetic Particle Flux Measurements by CRaTER and GOES Open

C. Zeitlin, A. S. Johnson, N. A. Schwadron, H. E. Spence, J. K. Wilson , et al. · 2025

The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft has been operating in lunar orbit since 2009. CRaTER data provide a long‐term record of the near‐Moon radiation environment t…

Radial Dependence of Ion Fluences in the 2023 July 17 Solar Energetic Particle Event from Parker Solar Probe to STEREO and ACE Open

G. D. Muro, C. M. S. Cohen, Zigong Xu, R. A. Leske, E. R. Christian , et al. · 2025

In the latter moments of 2023 July 17, the solar active region (AR) 13363, near the southwestern face of the Sun, was undergoing considerable evolution, which resulted in a significant solar energetic particle (SEP) event measured by Parke…

Delay of Near-relativistic Electrons with Respect to Type III Radio Bursts throughout the Inner Heliosphere Open

J. G. Mitchell, E. R. Christian, G. A. de Nolfo, C. M. S. Cohen, M. E. Hill , et al. · 2025

Energetic electrons accelerated by solar eruptive events are frequently observed to have inferred injection times that appear significantly delayed with respect to electromagnetic emission including type III radio bursts. This is noteworth…

Longitudinal Dependence of Heavy Ion Composition in the 2021 October 28 Ground Level Enhancement Event Open

C. M. S. Cohen, G. M. Mason, E. R. Christian, A. C. Cummings, G. A. de Nolfo , et al. · 2025

The 2021 October 28 solar energetic particle (SEP) event was a rare ground level enhancement (GLE) event, where secondary particles from the interactions of SEPs with the Earth’s atmosphere were detected by neutron monitors on the ground. …

Diverse dust populations in the near-Sun environment characterized by PSP/IS$\odot$IS Open

M. M. Shen, J. R. Szalay, Petr Pokorný, J. G. Mitchell, Mary Eleanor Hill , et al. · 2024

The Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS$\odot$IS) energetic particle instrument suite on Parker Solar Probe is dedicated to measuring energetic ions and electrons in the near-Sun environment. It includes a half-sky-viewing time…

Composition Variation of the 2023 May 16 Solar Energetic Particle Event Observed by SolO and PSP Open

Zigong Xu, C. M. S. Cohen, R. A. Leske, G. D. Muro, A. C. Cummings , et al. · 2024

In this study, we employ the combined charged particle measurements from Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Energetic Particle Detector on board the Solar Orbiter (SolO) to study the compo…

Persistent Behavior in Energetic Neutral Atom Time Series from IBEX Open

N. V. Sarlis, G. Livadiotis, D. J. McComas, M. Alimaganbetov, N. A. Schwadron , et al. · 2024

We investigate the long-term persistence of the time series of energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes recorded by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX). ENAs provide global information about the outer heliosphere and its interactions with…

Composition variation of the May 16 2023 Solar Energetic Particle Event observed by Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe Open

Zigong Xu, C. M. S. Cohen, R. A. Leske, G. D. Muro, A. C. Cummings , et al. · 2024

In this study, we employ the combined charged particle measurements from Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (\ISOIS) onboard the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) onboard the Solar Orbiter (SolO) to st…

Energetic Particles from Quasi-Separatrix Layers and Current Sheets at the Sun Open

N. A. Schwadron, Ronald M. Caplan, J. Linker, Erika Palmerio, Matthew A. Young · 2024

Quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs) at the Sun are created from regions where channels of open magnetic flux have footpoints near regions of large-scale closed magnetic flux. These regions are particularly prone to magnetic reconnection at the …

High-latitude Observations of Dissipation-range Turbulence by the Ulysses Spacecraft during the Solar Minimum of 1993–96: The Spectral Break and Anisotropy Open

Abigale S. Watson, C. W. Smith, Anastasia V. Marchuk, M. R. Argall, C. J. Joyce , et al. · 2024

We examine Ulysses magnetic field observations from 1993 to 1996 as the spacecraft made its first fast-latitude scan from the southern to the northern hemisphere. Most of the observations we use are representative of high-latitude solar mi…

IBEX Observations of Elastic Scattering of Interstellar Helium by Solar Wind Particles Open

H. Islam, N. A. Schwadron, E. Moebius, F. Rahmanifard, Justyna M. Sokół , et al. · 2024

The IBEX-Lo instrument on the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission observes primary and secondary interstellar helium in its 4 lowest energy steps. Observations of these helium populations have been systematically analyzed and com…

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