Nathanael R. Fillmore
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View article: Pancreatic cancer risk prediction using deep sequential modeling of longitudinal diagnostic and medication records
Pancreatic cancer risk prediction using deep sequential modeling of longitudinal diagnostic and medication records Open
View article: Transforming Cardio-Oncology Care Through AI-Driven Large Language Model Systems
Transforming Cardio-Oncology Care Through AI-Driven Large Language Model Systems Open
View article: Automated Extraction of Imaging and Pathology Data From Diverse Prostate Cancer Electronic Records
Automated Extraction of Imaging and Pathology Data From Diverse Prostate Cancer Electronic Records Open
PURPOSE To develop and validate an algorithm to extract clinically relevant data elements for prostate cancer (PCa) from prostate biopsy reports and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports. PATIENTS AND METHODS MRI reports and biopsy path…
View article: Development and validation of venous thromboembolism–bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (VTE-BERT) natural language processing model
Development and validation of venous thromboembolism–bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (VTE-BERT) natural language processing model Open
View article: Dietary tryptophan augments cancer-associated venous thrombogenicity mitigated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition
Dietary tryptophan augments cancer-associated venous thrombogenicity mitigated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition Open
Studies related to cardio-oncology remain a high priority, considering that venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer survivors is the second most common cause of death. Although diet-derived metabolites are emerging as contributors to VTE, t…
View article: Leveraging near-real-time patient and population data to incorporate fluctuating risk of severe COVID-19: development and prospective validation of a personalised risk prediction tool
Leveraging near-real-time patient and population data to incorporate fluctuating risk of severe COVID-19: development and prospective validation of a personalised risk prediction tool Open
View article: Hazard-aware adaptations bridge the generalization gap in large language models: a nationwide study
Hazard-aware adaptations bridge the generalization gap in large language models: a nationwide study Open
Despite growing excitement in deploying large language models (LLMs) for healthcare, most machine learning studies show success on the same few limited public data sources. It is unclear if and how most results generalize to real-world cli…
View article: Pulmonary aspergillosis in US Veterans with COVID-19: a nationwide, retrospective cohort study
Pulmonary aspergillosis in US Veterans with COVID-19: a nationwide, retrospective cohort study Open
Background: COVID-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) was described early in the pandemic as a complication of SARS-CoV-2. Data about incidence of aspergillosis and characteristics of affected patients after mid-2021 are limited. Met…
View article: Pancreatic Cancer Risk Prediction Using Deep Sequential Modeling of Longitudinal Diagnostic and Medication Records
Pancreatic Cancer Risk Prediction Using Deep Sequential Modeling of Longitudinal Diagnostic and Medication Records Open
View article: Correction: The performance status gap in immunotherapy for frail patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Correction: The performance status gap in immunotherapy for frail patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer Open
View article: Psychiatric and substance use disorders predict poor outcomes in older veterans with acute myeloid leukemia
Psychiatric and substance use disorders predict poor outcomes in older veterans with acute myeloid leukemia Open
View article: External validation of a novel cancer-associated venous thromboembolism risk assessment score in a safety-net hospital
External validation of a novel cancer-associated venous thromboembolism risk assessment score in a safety-net hospital Open
View article: Lymphopenia predicts poor outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Lymphopenia predicts poor outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma Open
Bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in promoting growth and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. The tumor-promoting immune microenvironment is augmented while antitumor immune responses are inhibited. Although clinica…
View article: Abiraterone or Enzalutamide for Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Abiraterone or Enzalutamide for Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Open
Importance Abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide are recommended as preferred treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but differences in their relative efficacy are unclear due to a lack of head-to-head clini…
View article: The performance status gap in immunotherapy for frail patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
The performance status gap in immunotherapy for frail patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer Open
Purpose In advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy is often preferred over intensive ICI treatment for frail patients and those with poor performance status (PS). Among those with poor PS,…
View article: Racial and Ethnic Disparity for Cancer Mortality in General and Single-Payer Healthcare Systems in the United States
Racial and Ethnic Disparity for Cancer Mortality in General and Single-Payer Healthcare Systems in the United States Open
View article: Natural Language Processing Algorithm to Extract Multiple Myeloma Stage From Oncology Notes in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
Natural Language Processing Algorithm to Extract Multiple Myeloma Stage From Oncology Notes in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System Open
PURPOSE Stage in multiple myeloma (MM) is an essential measure of disease risk, but its measurement in large databases is often lacking. We aimed to develop and validate a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to extract oncologists'…
View article: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associates with markers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired elderly people
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associates with markers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired elderly people Open
View article: Phenotyping Hepatic Immune-Related Adverse Events in the Setting of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Phenotyping Hepatic Immune-Related Adverse Events in the Setting of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Open
PURPOSE We present and validate a rule-based algorithm for the detection of moderate to severe liver-related immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in a real-world patient cohort. The algorithm can be applied to studies of irAEs in large da…
View article: Antidepressant exposure and long‐term dementia risk in a nationwide retrospective study on US veterans with midlife major depressive disorder
Antidepressant exposure and long‐term dementia risk in a nationwide retrospective study on US veterans with midlife major depressive disorder Open
INTRODUCTION The use of antidepressants in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been reported to influence long‐term risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD‐related dementias (AD/ADRD), but studies are conflicting. METHODS We used inverse p…
View article: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associates with markers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired elderly people
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associates with markers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired elderly people Open
Background: An elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in blood has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, an elevated NLR has also been implicated in many other conditions that are risk factors for AD, prompting invest…
View article: Severe COVID-19 in Vaccinated Adults With Hematologic Cancers in the Veterans Health Administration
Severe COVID-19 in Vaccinated Adults With Hematologic Cancers in the Veterans Health Administration Open
Importance With SARS-CoV-2 transforming into an endemic disease and with antiviral treatments available, it is important to establish which patients remain at risk of severe COVID-19 despite vaccination. Objective To quantify the associati…
View article: Matching Patients to Accelerate Clinical Trials (MPACT): Enabling Technology for Oncology Clinical Trial Workflow
Matching Patients to Accelerate Clinical Trials (MPACT): Enabling Technology for Oncology Clinical Trial Workflow Open
Clinical trial enrollment is impeded by the significant time burden placed on research coordinators screening eligible patients. With 50,000 new cancer cases every year, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has made increased access fo…
View article: Underuse of Antiviral Drugs to Prevent Progression to Severe COVID-19 — Veterans Health Administration, March–September 2022
Underuse of Antiviral Drugs to Prevent Progression to Severe COVID-19 — Veterans Health Administration, March–September 2022 Open
Antiviral drugs reduce the rate of progression to severe COVID-19 when given to patients with mild-to-moderate disease within 5 days of symptom onset. Despite being recommended for patients at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19 b…
View article: Building Research Infrastructure to Develop Greater Learning Efficiencies (BRIDGE)
Building Research Infrastructure to Develop Greater Learning Efficiencies (BRIDGE) Open
In this manuscript, we outline our developed version of a Learning Health System (LHS) in oncology implemented at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Transferring healthcare into an LHS framework has been one of the spearpoints of VA’…
View article: Transfer Learning for Mortality Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Low-Resolution Histopathology Slide Snapshots
Transfer Learning for Mortality Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Low-Resolution Histopathology Slide Snapshots Open
High-resolution whole slide image scans of histopathology slides have been widely used in recent years for prediction in cancer. However, in some cases, clinical informatics practitioners may only have access to low-resolution snapshots of…
View article: Antidepressant exposure and long‐term dementia risk in a nationwide study on U.S. Veterans with major depressive disorder
Antidepressant exposure and long‐term dementia risk in a nationwide study on U.S. Veterans with major depressive disorder Open
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with dementia risk. The use of antidepressants in MDD has been reported to influence long term risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), but studies are conflicting. …
View article: 2656. Longitudinal Trends in Attributable Causes of Death Among US Veteran Patients with Documented SARS-CoV-2 Infection between January 2021 and March 2023
2656. Longitudinal Trends in Attributable Causes of Death Among US Veteran Patients with Documented SARS-CoV-2 Infection between January 2021 and March 2023 Open
Background COVID-19 was the third leading cause of death in the US in 2020, and as of April 2023, >1,000,000 deaths have been attributed to this disease. With widespread immunity and medical countermeasures, the attribution of a death t…
View article: Prostate cancer patient stratification by molecular signatures in the Veterans Precision Oncology Data Commons
Prostate cancer patient stratification by molecular signatures in the Veterans Precision Oncology Data Commons Open
Veterans are at an increased risk for prostate cancer, a disease with extraordinary clinical and molecular heterogeneity, compared with the general population. However, little is known about the underlying molecular heterogeneity within th…
View article: EPID-31. BRAIN TUMORS IN UNITED STATES MILITARY VETERANS
EPID-31. BRAIN TUMORS IN UNITED STATES MILITARY VETERANS Open
Veterans account for ~7% of the adult United States population, with half seeking care through the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). A comprehensive analysis of incidence and survival for brain tumors in the Veteran population has been…