Neeltje A. Kootstra
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View article: Preferential boosting of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage-specific immune responses by monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccination
Preferential boosting of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage-specific immune responses by monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccination Open
Ongoing escape from pre-existing antibodies by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitates yearly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine updates for at-risk populations. Monovalent variant-specif…
View article: Treatment in acute HIV infection only temporarily preserves monocyte function: a comparative cohort study in adult males
Treatment in acute HIV infection only temporarily preserves monocyte function: a comparative cohort study in adult males Open
Funding for this study was obtained through a ZonMW/Aidsfonds grant NL4Cure: Bridging shock and kill strategies (446002508).
View article: Long-term Immunogenicity of Hepatitis A Vaccination in Adults Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy and Adults Living With HIV: Three-year Follow-up of a Prospective Cohort Study
Long-term Immunogenicity of Hepatitis A Vaccination in Adults Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy and Adults Living With HIV: Three-year Follow-up of a Prospective Cohort Study Open
Background Hepatitis A (hepA) vaccination generates long-lasting protection against hepA in healthy adults. However, the duration of protection in immunocompromised patients (ICPs), such as people living with HIV (PLWH) and patients on imm…
View article: Leukocyte count and new‐onset diabetes mellitus in people with <scp>HIV</scp>: A longitudinal study
Leukocyte count and new‐onset diabetes mellitus in people with <span>HIV</span>: A longitudinal study Open
Objectives The risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increased in people with HIV. Chronic inflammation contributes to DM risk. High leukocytes are associated with DM in the general population, but in people with HIV, evidence of a leukocyte–D…
View article: Long-term effect of temporary ART initiated during primary HIV-1 infection on viral persistence
Long-term effect of temporary ART initiated during primary HIV-1 infection on viral persistence Open
View article: HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses soon after treatment initiation during acute HIV infection are associated with viral reservoir decline
HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses soon after treatment initiation during acute HIV infection are associated with viral reservoir decline Open
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated in the acute phase of HIV infection (AHI) results in a smaller viral reservoir. However, the impact of early HIV-specific T-cell responses on long-term reservoir dynamics is less well characterized. T…
View article: HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferative response 24 weeks after early antiretroviral therapy initiation predicts the subsequent reduction of the viral reservoir
HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferative response 24 weeks after early antiretroviral therapy initiation predicts the subsequent reduction of the viral reservoir Open
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated in the acute phase of HIV infection (AHI) results in a smaller viral reservoir. However, the impact of early HIV-specific T-cell responses on long- term reservoir dynamics is less well characterized. …
View article: Author response: HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses soon after treatment initiation during acute HIV infection are associated with viral reservoir decline
Author response: HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses soon after treatment initiation during acute HIV infection are associated with viral reservoir decline Open
View article: Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection
Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection Open
People living with HIV-1 (PLWH) treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have similar incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to people without HIV-1 (PWoH). Yet, roughly 25% PLWH worldwide are currently not accessing cART…
View article: T-cell and antibody responses in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies indicate strong potential of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines
T-cell and antibody responses in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies indicate strong potential of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines Open
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View article: Precise targeting of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans
Precise targeting of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans Open
A protective HIV vaccine will need to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in humans, but priming rare bnAb precursor B cells has been challenging. In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 1 human clinical trial, the recombi…
View article: Synergistic Activity of Second Mitochondrial-Derived Activator of Caspases Mimetic with Toll-like Receptor 8 Agonist Reverses HIV-1-Latency and Enhances Antiviral Immunity
Synergistic Activity of Second Mitochondrial-Derived Activator of Caspases Mimetic with Toll-like Receptor 8 Agonist Reverses HIV-1-Latency and Enhances Antiviral Immunity Open
HIV-1 infection is successfully treated by antiretroviral therapy; however, it is not curative as HIV-1 remains present in the viral reservoir. A strategy to eliminate the viral reservoir relies on the reactivation of the latent provirus t…
View article: HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferative response 24 weeks after early antiretroviral therapy initiation predicts the subsequent reduction of the viral reservoir
HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferative response 24 weeks after early antiretroviral therapy initiation predicts the subsequent reduction of the viral reservoir Open
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated in the acute phase of HIV infection (AHI) results in a smaller viral reservoir. However, the impact of early HIV-specific T-cell responses on long- term reservoir dynamics is less well characterized. …
View article: Soluble CD14 and IL-12p70 on early antiretroviral therapy predict HIV load setpoint after treatment interruption
Soluble CD14 and IL-12p70 on early antiretroviral therapy predict HIV load setpoint after treatment interruption Open
Objective: After analytical treatment interruption (ATI), viral rebound occurs in most people with HIV. The time to viral rebound (TTVR) is likely determined by the properties of the viral reservoir as well as the antiviral immune response…
View article: Transcriptomic HIV-1 reservoir profiling reveals a role for mitochondrial functionality in HIV-1 latency
Transcriptomic HIV-1 reservoir profiling reveals a role for mitochondrial functionality in HIV-1 latency Open
Identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms maintaining HIV-1 latency in the viral reservoir is crucial for devising effective cure strategies. Here we developed an innovative flow cytometry-fluorescent in situ hybridization (flow-FISH) …
View article: Inducible HIV-1 Reservoir Reduction Assay (HIVRRA), a Fast and Sensitive Assay to Test Cytotoxicity and Potency of Cure Strategies to Reduce the Replication-Competent HIV-1 Reservoir in Ex Vivo PBMCs
Inducible HIV-1 Reservoir Reduction Assay (HIVRRA), a Fast and Sensitive Assay to Test Cytotoxicity and Potency of Cure Strategies to Reduce the Replication-Competent HIV-1 Reservoir in Ex Vivo PBMCs Open
The HIV-1 reservoir, consisting of transcriptionally silent integrated HIV-1 proviruses, is a major barrier to a cure, as it persists during effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is the source of viral rebound upon treatment interrupt…
View article: Flow Cytometric Quantification of HIV-1-Infected Cells Expressing Either Abortive or Elongated HIV-1 Transcripts Using Flow-FISH
Flow Cytometric Quantification of HIV-1-Infected Cells Expressing Either Abortive or Elongated HIV-1 Transcripts Using Flow-FISH Open
The persistence of the HIV-1 reservoir remains the ultimate obstacle in achieving a cure. Cure strategies targeting the HIV-1 reservoir are under development, and therefore, finding ways to improve the detection of the reservoir is crucial…
View article: Polyfunctionality and breadth of HIV-1 antibodies are associated with delayed disease progression
Polyfunctionality and breadth of HIV-1 antibodies are associated with delayed disease progression Open
HIV-1 infection leads to chronic disease requiring life-long treatment and therefore alternative therapeutics, a cure and/or a protective vaccine are needed. Antibody-mediated effector functions could have a role in the fight against HIV-1…
View article: Defective proviruses significantly impact viral transcription and immune activation in men and women with HIV-1 subtype C in rural South Africa
Defective proviruses significantly impact viral transcription and immune activation in men and women with HIV-1 subtype C in rural South Africa Open
Introduction The main obstacle to achieving an HIV-1 cure is the proviral reservoir. To promote equity in HIV cure strategies, it is crucial to study the viral reservoir of the predominant HIV-1 subtype C in both women and men. Therefore, …
View article: Long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 two years following infection: exploring the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors
Long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 two years following infection: exploring the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors Open
Background Severe fatigue and cognitive complaints are frequently reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be accompanied by depressive symptoms and/or limitations in physical functioning. The long-term sequelae of COVID-19 may be influ…
View article: Energy demanding RNA and protein metabolism drive dysfunctionality of HIV-specific T cell changes during chronic HIV infection
Energy demanding RNA and protein metabolism drive dysfunctionality of HIV-specific T cell changes during chronic HIV infection Open
Antiretroviral treatment of HIV infected individuals cannot eliminate the HIV reservoir and immune control of HIV is rarely seen upon treatment interruption. In long-term non-progressors (LTNP), an effective CD8 T cell response is thought …
View article: Functional comparison of Fc-engineering strategies to improve anti-HIV-1 antibody effector functions
Functional comparison of Fc-engineering strategies to improve anti-HIV-1 antibody effector functions Open
Substantial reduction of the intact proviral reservoir is essential towards HIV-1 cure. In vivo administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer can decrease the viral reservo…
View article: Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by nanobodies targeting tetraspanin CD9
Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by nanobodies targeting tetraspanin CD9 Open
HIV-1 alters the dynamics and distribution of tetraspanins, a group of proteins integral to membrane organization, to facilitate both entry and egress. Notably, the tetraspanin CD9 is dysregulated during HIV-1 infection, correlating with m…
View article: Hepatitis a vaccine immunogenicity and boostability in adults receiving immunosuppressive therapy and adults living with HIV: a prospective single-centre cohort study
Hepatitis a vaccine immunogenicity and boostability in adults receiving immunosuppressive therapy and adults living with HIV: a prospective single-centre cohort study Open
Introduction Hepatitis A (hepA) vaccination is highly immunogenic in healthy individuals; however, there is uncertainty about the immunogenicity in immunocompromised populations (ICPs). Methods In this prospective cohort study, people livi…
View article: Afucosylated broadly neutralizing antibodies enhance clearance of HIV-1 infected cells through cell-mediated killing
Afucosylated broadly neutralizing antibodies enhance clearance of HIV-1 infected cells through cell-mediated killing Open
View article: Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Induced Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression Is Associated With Monocyte Activation and Predicts Viral Load
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Induced Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression Is Associated With Monocyte Activation and Predicts Viral Load Open
Background Chronic immune activation is one of the hallmarks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis. Persistent upregulation of interferons (IFNs) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) has previously been associated with chron…
View article: Inflammatory profiles are associated with long COVID up to 6 months after COVID-19 onset: A prospective cohort study of individuals with mild to critical COVID-19
Inflammatory profiles are associated with long COVID up to 6 months after COVID-19 onset: A prospective cohort study of individuals with mild to critical COVID-19 Open
Background After initial COVID-19, immune dysregulation may persist and drive post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). We described longitudinal trajectories of cytokines in adults up to 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection and explored …
View article: Similar Limited Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Infection in Vaccinated Individuals With HIV and Comparable Controls
Similar Limited Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Infection in Vaccinated Individuals With HIV and Comparable Controls Open
Background Little is known about the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron infection in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) with vaccine-induced or hybrid immunity. We assessed the inc…
View article: A Robust Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–Specific T- and B-Cell Response Is Associated With Early Viral Clearance in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-Infected Immunocompromised Individuals
A Robust Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–Specific T- and B-Cell Response Is Associated With Early Viral Clearance in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-Infected Immunocompromised Individuals Open
Background The immunological determinants of delayed viral clearance and intrahost viral evolution that drive the development of new pathogenic virus strains in immunocompromised individuals are unknown. Therefore, we longitudinally studie…
View article: Original COVID-19 priming regimen impacts the immunogenicity of bivalent BA.1 and BA.5 boosters
Original COVID-19 priming regimen impacts the immunogenicity of bivalent BA.1 and BA.5 boosters Open