Nick Ridler
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View article: Classical interfaces for controlling cryogenic quantum computing technologies
Classical interfaces for controlling cryogenic quantum computing technologies Open
Quantum processors have the potential to revolutionize computing on a scale unseen since the development of semiconductor technology in the middle of the twentieth century. However, while there is now huge activity and investment in the fi…
View article: Classical Interfaces for Controlling Cryogenic Quantum Computing Technologies
Classical Interfaces for Controlling Cryogenic Quantum Computing Technologies Open
Quantum processors have the potential to revolutionise computing on a scale unseen since the development of semiconductor technology in the middle of the 20th century. However, while there is now huge activity and investment in the field, …
View article: An Interlaboratory Comparison of On-Wafer S-Parameter Measurements up to 1.1 THz
An Interlaboratory Comparison of On-Wafer S-Parameter Measurements up to 1.1 THz Open
sponsorship: This work was supported in part by the EMPIR project under Grant 18SIB09 TEMMT, in part by the EPM project under Grant 23IND10 OnMicro, in part by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate, in part by the Frech Renate…
View article: Dataset for: In-operando microwave scattering-parameter calibrated measurement of a Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier
Dataset for: In-operando microwave scattering-parameter calibrated measurement of a Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier Open
Dataset for manuscript "In-operando microwave scattering-parameter calibrated measurement of a Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier", arXiv:2406.03063 Containing the uncalibrated raw measurement data and the calibrated dataset af…
View article: Characterisation of Power Transistors for Wireless Network Applications Using Passive and Active Load-Pull
Characterisation of Power Transistors for Wireless Network Applications Using Passive and Active Load-Pull Open
Power transistors are important devices in the transmit chains of wireless communication networks. In this paper, two methods are discussed for the characterisation of power transistors namely passive and active load-pull. The load impedan…
View article: RF and microwave metrology for quantum computing – recent developments at the UK’s National Physical Laboratory
RF and microwave metrology for quantum computing – recent developments at the UK’s National Physical Laboratory Open
Development of large-scale quantum computing systems will require radio frequency (RF) and microwave technologies operating reliably at cryogenic temperatures down to tens of milli-Kelvin (mK). The quantum bits in the most promising quantu…
View article: Broadband Coaxial S-Parameter Measurements for Cryogenic Quantum Technologies
Broadband Coaxial S-Parameter Measurements for Cryogenic Quantum Technologies Open
Development of RF and microwave metrology capabilities at cryogenic temperatures is critical for the development of high-performance microwave devices to facilitate commercialization of cryogenic quantum technologies. This article presents…
View article: The 2023 terahertz science and technology roadmap
The 2023 terahertz science and technology roadmap Open
Terahertz (THz) radiation encompasses a wide spectral range within the electromagnetic spectrum that extends from microwaves to the far infrared (100 GHz–∼30 THz). Within its frequency boundaries exist a broad variety of scientific discipl…
View article: Erratum to “3-D Printed Rectangular Waveguide 123–129 GHz Packaging for Commercial CMOS RFICs”
Erratum to “3-D Printed Rectangular Waveguide 123–129 GHz Packaging for Commercial CMOS RFICs” Open
Due to a production error, in the above letter [1] , on page 1, the sentence "The optical microphotograph of the plane view for the test chip is shown in Fig. 1(b)" should have been presented as:
View article: 3-D Printed Rectangular Waveguide 123–129 GHz Packaging for Commercial CMOS RFICs
3-D Printed Rectangular Waveguide 123–129 GHz Packaging for Commercial CMOS RFICs Open
This work demonstrates the hybrid integration of a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) into a host 3-D printed metal-pipe rectangular waveguide (MPRWG). On-chip Vivaldi antennas are used…
View article: Determination of the Permittivity of Transmission Lines at Milli-Kelvin Temperatures
Determination of the Permittivity of Transmission Lines at Milli-Kelvin Temperatures Open
Many quantum technologies rely heavily on propagation of RF and microwave signals through devices at cryogenic temperatures, and detailed understanding of materials and signal propagation is therefore key to improving the performance of qu…
View article: 3-D Printed THz Waveguide Components
3-D Printed THz Waveguide Components Open
This paper presents the state-of-the-art in polymer-based 3-D printing of metal-pipe rectangular waveguides (MPRWGs) with the first reported terahertz filters, all operating within the WR-2.2 band (325 to 500 GHz): a 5 mm-long thru line, t…
View article: Polymer-Based 3-D Printed 140 to 220 GHz Metal Waveguide Thru Lines, Twist and Filters
Polymer-Based 3-D Printed 140 to 220 GHz Metal Waveguide Thru Lines, Twist and Filters Open
This paper demonstrates the current state-of-the-art in low-cost, low loss ruggedized polymer-based 3-D printed G-band (140 to 220 GHz) metal-pipe rectangular waveguide (MPRWG) components. From a unique and exhaustive up-to-date literature…
View article: Validating S‐parameter measurements of RF integrated circuits at milli‐Kelvin temperatures
Validating S‐parameter measurements of RF integrated circuits at milli‐Kelvin temperatures Open
Techniques to precisely characterise RF components at milli‐Kelvin temperatures support the development of quantum computing systems utilising these components. In this work, an S‐parameter measurement setup to characterise RF integrated c…
View article: Engineering the microwave to infrared noise photon flux for superconducting quantum systems
Engineering the microwave to infrared noise photon flux for superconducting quantum systems Open
Electromagnetic filtering is essential for the coherent control, operation and readout of superconducting quantum circuits at milliKelvin temperatures. The suppression of spurious modes around transition frequencies of a few GHz is well un…
View article: 3-D Printing Quantization Predistortion Applied to Sub-THz Chained-Function Filters
3-D Printing Quantization Predistortion Applied to Sub-THz Chained-Function Filters Open
This paper investigates physical dimension limits associated with the low-cost, polymer-based masked stereolithography apparatus (MSLA) 3-D printer, with 50 μm pixels defining the minimum print feature size. Based on the discretization pro…
View article: 3-D Printed Plug and Play Prototyping for Low-Cost Sub-THz Subsystems
3-D Printed Plug and Play Prototyping for Low-Cost Sub-THz Subsystems Open
Polymer-based additive manufacturing using 3-D printing for upper-millimeter-wave ( ca. 100 to 300 GHz) frequency applications is now emerging. Building on our previous work, with metal-pipe rectangular waveguides and free-space quasi-opti…
View article: Characterizing Scattering Parameters of Superconducting Quantum Integrated Circuits at Milli-Kelvin Temperatures
Characterizing Scattering Parameters of Superconducting Quantum Integrated Circuits at Milli-Kelvin Temperatures Open
Designing large-scale superconducting quantum circuits involves complex microwave engineering to minimize loss, spurious reflections, and signal crosstalk. Essential for engineering more complex circuits is precise knowledge of devices’ mi…
View article: Uncertainty of S-Parameter Measurements on PCBs due to Imperfections in the TRL Line Standard
Uncertainty of S-Parameter Measurements on PCBs due to Imperfections in the TRL Line Standard Open
This paper evaluates the uncertainty of S-parameter measurements on multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) due to the uncertainties of the dimensions and dielectric properties of the line standard in the Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibrati…
View article: The effect of standing waves on the attenuation constant for a low‐loss rectangular waveguide
The effect of standing waves on the attenuation constant for a low‐loss rectangular waveguide Open
When standing waves are present in a rectangular waveguide, the resistive losses in the walls are not uniformly distributed. This affects the measurement of the attenuation constant. Here the phenomenon for the TE 10 mode in air‐filled wav…
View article: Commissioning of a VNA dynamic uncertainty tool for microwave S-parameter measurements
Commissioning of a VNA dynamic uncertainty tool for microwave S-parameter measurements Open
All measurements have an associated uncertainty and it is important to know the uncertainty in order to quantify the reliability of the measurement result.At the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), the provision of scattering parameter (S-…
View article: Introductory guide to making Planar S-parameter measurements at millimetre-wave frequencies
Introductory guide to making Planar S-parameter measurements at millimetre-wave frequencies Open
This Guide has been produced within the EMPIR 19SIP02 Project, "Knowledge transfer of planar calibration and measurement techniques at millimetre-wave frequencies".
View article: Assessing the Impact of Data Filtering Techniques on Material Characterization at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies
Assessing the Impact of Data Filtering Techniques on Material Characterization at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies Open
This article reports on an investigation into data filtering techniques for material characterization using a commercially available WR-15 (50-75 GHz) material characterization kit (MCK). The MCK uses a guided free-space method (operating …
View article: Polymer-Based 3-D Printed 140-220 GHz Low-Cost Quasi-Optical Components and Integrated Subsystem Assembly
Polymer-Based 3-D Printed 140-220 GHz Low-Cost Quasi-Optical Components and Integrated Subsystem Assembly Open
Few examples of individual polymer-based 3-D printed quasi-optical component types have been previously demonstrated above ca. 100 GHz. This paper presents the characterization of polymer-based 3-D printed components and complete subsystem…
View article: Microwave Characterization of Conductive PLA and Its Application to a 12 to 18 GHz 3-D Printed Rotary Vane Attenuator
Microwave Characterization of Conductive PLA and Its Application to a 12 to 18 GHz 3-D Printed Rotary Vane Attenuator Open
This paper demonstrates an ultra-light weight microwave rotary vane attenuator (RVA) manufactured using polymer-based 3-D printing. In addition, for the first time, conductive polylactic acid (PLA) is rigorously characterized across both X…
View article: Establishing waveguide lines as primary standards for scattering parameter measurements at submillimetre wavelengths
Establishing waveguide lines as primary standards for scattering parameter measurements at submillimetre wavelengths Open
This paper presents a detailed assessment of two rectangular metallic waveguide lines in order that they can be used as primary standards to provide metrological traceability for electrical scattering parameter measurements at submillimetr…