Nicole H. Tobin
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View article: Altered milk tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites in women living with HIV
Altered milk tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites in women living with HIV Open
View article: Gut microbiome associations with poliovirus vaccine seroconversion in children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Gut microbiome associations with poliovirus vaccine seroconversion in children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Open
Background Despite efforts to increase global immunization, vaccination seroconversion in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is often lower than in high income countries (HICs). The reasons for this disparity are not fully understood.…
View article: Comparison of oral and gut microbiome highlights role of oral bacteria in systemic inflammation in HIV
Comparison of oral and gut microbiome highlights role of oral bacteria in systemic inflammation in HIV Open
Background Chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with increased inflammation-related comorbidities, despite effective viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy. While the role of the gut microbiome in inflammation is well-studied, the …
View article: Gut barrier integrity biomarkers are associated with increased inflammation and predict disease status in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Gut barrier integrity biomarkers are associated with increased inflammation and predict disease status in hospitalized COVID-19 patients Open
The COVID-19 global pandemic persists as an endemic disease with frequent case spikes and a significant continued burden on public health. Although most COVID-19 cases are asymptomatic or mild, severe infections requiring hospitalization h…
View article: Altered milk tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites and health of children born to women with HIV
Altered milk tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites and health of children born to women with HIV Open
View article: Use of an Ethinyl Estradiol/Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring Alters Vaginal Microbial Communities in Women With HIV
Use of an Ethinyl Estradiol/Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring Alters Vaginal Microbial Communities in Women With HIV Open
Background Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) antiretroviral therapy (ART) alters hormonal contraceptive levels delivered via intravaginal ring (IVR) in a regimen-specific manner. We explored the role of the IVR on vaginal microbial co…
View article: Maternal HIV infection and the milk microbiome
Maternal HIV infection and the milk microbiome Open
View article: Natural Variation in HIV-1 Entry Kinetics Map to Specific Residues and Reveal an Interdependence Between Attachment and Fusion
Natural Variation in HIV-1 Entry Kinetics Map to Specific Residues and Reveal an Interdependence Between Attachment and Fusion Open
HIV-1 entry kinetics reflect the fluid motion of the HIV envelope glycoprotein through at least three major structural configurations that drive virus-cell membrane fusion. The lifetime of each state is an important component of potency fo…
View article: NK Cell–Monocyte Cross-talk Underlies NK Cell Activation in Severe COVID-19
NK Cell–Monocyte Cross-talk Underlies NK Cell Activation in Severe COVID-19 Open
NK cells in the peripheral blood of severe COVID-19 patients exhibit a unique profile characterized by activation and dysfunction. Previous studies have identified soluble factors, including type I IFN and TGF-β, that underlie this dysregu…
View article: Metabolomic profiling of preterm birth in pregnant women living with HIV
Metabolomic profiling of preterm birth in pregnant women living with HIV Open
Background Preterm birth is a leading cause of death in children under the age of five. The risk of preterm birth is increased by maternal HIV infection as well as by certain antiretroviral regimens, leading to a disproportionate burden on…
View article: Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets in Adolescents Living With HIV: Results Through Week 96 from IMPAACT 2014
Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets in Adolescents Living With HIV: Results Through Week 96 from IMPAACT 2014 Open
Background IMPAACT 2014 study is a phase I/II, multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized study of doravirine (DOR) co-formulated with lamivudine (3TC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) as fixed-dose combination (DOR FDC) in adolescents …
View article: Microbiota in the oral cavity of school-age children with HIV who started antiretroviral therapy at young ages in South Africa
Microbiota in the oral cavity of school-age children with HIV who started antiretroviral therapy at young ages in South Africa Open
Background: Infancy is an important developmental period when the microbiome is shaped. We hypothesized that earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation would attenuate HIV effects on microbiota in the mouth. Methods: Oral swabs were c…
View article: Longitudinal relationship between the gut microbiota variation and diversity and gut graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) – Case series
Longitudinal relationship between the gut microbiota variation and diversity and gut graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) – Case series Open
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) offers children with life-threatening diseases a chance at survival. Complications from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD, Stages 0-4) represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortali…
View article: HIV-1 remission and possible cure in a woman after haplo-cord blood transplant
HIV-1 remission and possible cure in a woman after haplo-cord blood transplant Open
Previously, two men were cured of HIV-1 through CCR5Δ32 homozygous (CCR5Δ32/Δ32) allogeneic adult stem cell transplant. We report the first remission and possible HIV-1 cure in a mixed-race woman who received a CCR5Δ32/Δ32 haplo-cord trans…
View article: Persistent memory despite rapid contraction of circulating T Cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination
Persistent memory despite rapid contraction of circulating T Cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination Open
Introduction While antibodies raised by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have had compromised efficacy to prevent breakthrough infections due to both limited durability and spike sequence variation, the vaccines have remained highly protective aga…
View article: Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Safety of Doravirine and Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets in Adolescents Living With HIV: Week 24 Results From IMPAACT 2014
Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Safety of Doravirine and Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets in Adolescents Living With HIV: Week 24 Results From IMPAACT 2014 Open
Background: We studied the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of 100-mg doravirine and doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate fixed-dose combination (100/300/300 mg DOR FDC) treatment in adolescents with HIV-1. Methods: Adolesce…
View article: Gut dysbiosis and inflammatory blood markers precede HIV with limited changes after early seroconversion
Gut dysbiosis and inflammatory blood markers precede HIV with limited changes after early seroconversion Open
View article: Longitudinal Evaluation of Antibody Persistence in Mother-Infant Dyads After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Pregnancy
Longitudinal Evaluation of Antibody Persistence in Mother-Infant Dyads After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Pregnancy Open
Background There are limited data on how coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, timing of infection, and subsequent vaccination impact transplacental transfer and persistence of maternal and infant antibodies. Methods In a longitudi…
View article: Hybrid Immunity Shifts the Fc-Effector Quality of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity
Hybrid Immunity Shifts the Fc-Effector Quality of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity Open
Recent data indicates improved immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals who experience a combination of two mRNA vaccine doses and infection, “hybrid immunity,” compared to individuals who receive vaccination or experience infection alone. Wh…
View article: Hybrid immunity shifts the Fc-effector quality of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-induced immunity
Hybrid immunity shifts the Fc-effector quality of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-induced immunity Open
Despite the robust immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, emerging data reveal enhanced neutralizing antibody and T cell cross-reactivity among individuals that previously experienced COVID-19, pointing to a hybrid immune advantage wi…
View article: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Dosage in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Is Less More?
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Dosage in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Is Less More? Open
The lower efficacy of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in 5-11 year old children was unexpected. Neutralizing antibody titers elicited by the vaccines in children, adolescents, and young adults suggest that the lower efficacy is not due to the l…
View article: Dominant CD8+ T Cell Nucleocapsid Targeting in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Broad Spike Targeting From Vaccination
Dominant CD8+ T Cell Nucleocapsid Targeting in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Broad Spike Targeting From Vaccination Open
CD8 + T cells have key protective roles in many viral infections. While an overall Th1-biased cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated, most reports of anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity have evaluated bulk T cells …
View article: No infectious SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk from a cohort of 110 lactating women
No infectious SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk from a cohort of 110 lactating women Open
Background Genomic RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in the breast milk of lactating women, but its pathological significance has remained uncertain due to the small size …
View article: Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines: Role of past infection
Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines: Role of past infection Open
Two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are globally authorized as a two-dose regimen. Understanding the magnitude and duration of protective immune responses is vital…
View article: The systemic inflammatory landscape of COVID-19 in pregnancy: Extensive serum proteomic profiling of mother-infant dyads with in utero SARS-CoV-2
The systemic inflammatory landscape of COVID-19 in pregnancy: Extensive serum proteomic profiling of mother-infant dyads with in utero SARS-CoV-2 Open
While pregnancy increases the risk for severe COVID-19, the clinical and immunological implications of COVID-19 on maternal-fetal health remain unknown. Here, we present the clinical and immunological landscapes of 93 COVID-19 mothers and …
View article: Metabolomic Predictors of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Advanced Fibrosis in Children
Metabolomic Predictors of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Advanced Fibrosis in Children Open
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in western countries both in children and adults. Metabolic dysregulation associated with gut microbial dysbiosis may influence disease progression fro…
View article: Comparison of dried blood spot and plasma sampling for untargeted metabolomics
Comparison of dried blood spot and plasma sampling for untargeted metabolomics Open
View article: No Evidence of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Human Milk: Analysis of a Cohort of 110 Lactating Women
No Evidence of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Human Milk: Analysis of a Cohort of 110 Lactating Women Open
Background SARS-CoV-2 infections of infants and toddlers are usually mild but can result in life-threatening disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA been detected in the breast milk of lactating women, but the potential role of breastfeeding in transmissi…
View article: Cross-sectional Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Health Care Workers in Los Angeles
Cross-sectional Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Health Care Workers in Los Angeles Open
Letters9 February 2021Cross-sectional Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Health Care Workers in Los AngelesFREEAdva Gadoth, MPH, PhD*, Megan Halbrook, MPH*, Rachel Martin-Blais, MD, Ashley Gray, MD, Nicole H. Tobin, MD, Kathie…
View article: Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic frontline health workers in Los Angeles County, California
Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic frontline health workers in Los Angeles County, California Open
Beginning April 8, 2020, we enrolled 1787 frontline heath workers who were asymptomatic for COVID-19 into a longitudinal surveillance study. During that time 4 healthcare workers and 6 first responders tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-…