Niluka Goonawardane
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View article: Interactions between tick-borne encephalitis virus non-structural protein 1 and blood-brain barrier tight junction proteins: potential clues to strain-specific neuropathogenicity
Interactions between tick-borne encephalitis virus non-structural protein 1 and blood-brain barrier tight junction proteins: potential clues to strain-specific neuropathogenicity Open
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) invades the central nervous system (CNS) through strain-specific mechanisms that remain poorly understood. In mosquito-borne orthoflaviviruses such as dengue and yellow fever viruses, the non-structural…
View article: Changes in metabolite profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid and in human neuronal cells upon tick-borne encephalitis virus infection
Changes in metabolite profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid and in human neuronal cells upon tick-borne encephalitis virus infection Open
View article: A key role for hepatitis C virus NS5A serine 225 phosphorylation revealed by super-resolution microscopy
A key role for hepatitis C virus NS5A serine 225 phosphorylation revealed by super-resolution microscopy Open
View article: Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease
Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease Open
Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is associated with pathological changes in the brain of infected fish, but the mechanisms driving the virus’s neuropathogenesis remain poorly characterized. TiLV establishes a persistent infection in the brain of …
View article: Viral emissions into the air and environment after SARS-CoV-2 human challenge: a phase 1, open label, first-in-human study
Viral emissions into the air and environment after SARS-CoV-2 human challenge: a phase 1, open label, first-in-human study Open
UK Vaccine Taskforce of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy of Her Majesty's Government.
View article: Characterization of Live-Attenuated Powassan Virus Vaccine Candidates Identifies an Efficacious Prime-Boost Strategy for Mitigating Powassan Virus Disease in a Murine Model
Characterization of Live-Attenuated Powassan Virus Vaccine Candidates Identifies an Efficacious Prime-Boost Strategy for Mitigating Powassan Virus Disease in a Murine Model Open
Powassan virus (POWV) is an emerging tick-borne virus and cause of lethal encephalitis in humans. The lack of treatment or prevention strategies for POWV disease underscores the need for an effective POWV vaccine. Here, we took two indepen…
View article: Functional characterization of 5′ untranslated region (UTR) secondary RNA structures in the replication of tick-borne encephalitis virus in mammalian cells
Functional characterization of 5′ untranslated region (UTR) secondary RNA structures in the replication of tick-borne encephalitis virus in mammalian cells Open
Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) is an emerging flavivirus that causes neurological disorders including viral encephalitis of varying severity. Whilst secondary RNA structures within the 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of many flaviviru…
View article: Correction for Goonawardane et al., “Identification of Host Factors Differentially Induced by Clinically Diverse Strains of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus”
Correction for Goonawardane et al., “Identification of Host Factors Differentially Induced by Clinically Diverse Strains of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus” Open
Volume 96, no. 18, e00818-22, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00818-22. On PDF page 14, the following statement should be added to Acknowledgments: "We acknowledge the Tick Cell Biobank and University of Liverpool for the IRE/CTVM19 cells…
View article: Identification of Host Factors Differentially Induced by Clinically Diverse Strains of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus
Identification of Host Factors Differentially Induced by Clinically Diverse Strains of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Open
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an emerging virus of the flavivirus family that is spread by ticks and causes neurological disease of various severity. No specific therapeutic treatments are available for TBE, and control in areas …
View article: Safety, tolerability and viral kinetics during SARS-CoV-2 human challenge in young adults
Safety, tolerability and viral kinetics during SARS-CoV-2 human challenge in young adults Open
View article: Safety, tolerability and viral kinetics during SARS-CoV-2 human challenge
Safety, tolerability and viral kinetics during SARS-CoV-2 human challenge Open
To establish a novel SARS-CoV-2 human challenge model, 36 volunteers aged 18-29 years without evidence of previous infection or vaccination were inoculated with 10 TCID50 of a wild-type virus (SARS-CoV-2/human/GBR/484861/2020) i…
View article: Altered TMPRSS2 usage by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron impacts infectivity and fusogenicity
Altered TMPRSS2 usage by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron impacts infectivity and fusogenicity Open
View article: Viral Emissions into the Air and Environment after SARS-CoV-2 Human Challenge: A Phase 1, Open Label, First-in-Human Study
Viral Emissions into the Air and Environment after SARS-CoV-2 Human Challenge: A Phase 1, Open Label, First-in-Human Study Open
View article: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike mediated immune escape and tropism shift
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike mediated immune escape and tropism shift Open
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant emerged in late 2021 and is characterised by multiple spike mutations across all spike domains. Here we show that Omicron BA.1 has higher affinity for ACE2 compared to Delta, and confers very significant…
View article: SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion Open
View article: The SARS-CoV-2 variants associated with infections in India, B.1.617, show enhanced spike cleavage by furin
The SARS-CoV-2 variants associated with infections in India, B.1.617, show enhanced spike cleavage by furin Open
The spike (S) glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that emerged in 2019 contained a suboptimal furin cleavage site at the S1/S2 junction with the sequence 681 P RR A R /S 686 . This cleavage site is required for efficient airway replicatio…
View article: A Novel Immunofluorescence Assay for the Rapid Serological Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
A Novel Immunofluorescence Assay for the Rapid Serological Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Open
As of April 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has swept through 213 countries and infected more than 132 million individuals globally, posing an unprecedented threat to human health. There are currently no specific antiviral treatments for COVID…
View article: Identification of host antiviral genes differentially induced by clinically diverse strains of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus
Identification of host antiviral genes differentially induced by clinically diverse strains of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Open
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) is an important human arthropod-borne virus, which causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), an acute viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes neurological symptoms of varying severit…
View article: Association of Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein Binding to Viral Genomic RNA with Attenuation of Replication of Echovirus 7
Association of Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein Binding to Viral Genomic RNA with Attenuation of Replication of Echovirus 7 Open
We recently discovered that the OAS3/RNase L antiviral pathway is essential for restriction of CpG- and UpA-enriched viruses, in addition to the requirement for zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). The current study provides evidence for t…
View article: Use of a small DNA virus model to investigate mechanisms of CpG dinucleotide-induced attenuation of virus replication
Use of a small DNA virus model to investigate mechanisms of CpG dinucleotide-induced attenuation of virus replication Open
Suppression of the CpG dinucleotide is widespread in RNA viruses infecting vertebrates and plants, and in the genomes of retroviruses and small mammalian DNA viruses. The functional basis for CpG suppression in the latter was investigated …
View article: Association of zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) binding to viral genomic RNA with attenuation of replication of echovirus 7
Association of zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) binding to viral genomic RNA with attenuation of replication of echovirus 7 Open
Previous studies have implicated both zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) and oligoadenylate synthetase 3 (OAS3)/RNASeL in the attenuation of RNA viruses with elevated CpG and UpA dinucleotides. Mechanisms and inter-relationships between t…
View article: Phenotypic analysis of mutations at residue 146 provides insights into the relationship between NS5A hyperphosphorylation and hepatitis C virus genome replication
Phenotypic analysis of mutations at residue 146 provides insights into the relationship between NS5A hyperphosphorylation and hepatitis C virus genome replication Open
The hepatitis C virus genotype 2a isolate, JFH-1, exhibits much more efficient genome replication than other isolates. Although basic replication mechanisms must be conserved, this raises the question of whether the regulation of replicati…
View article: The role of ZAP and OAS3/RNAseL pathways in the attenuation of an RNA virus with elevated frequencies of CpG and UpA dinucleotides
The role of ZAP and OAS3/RNAseL pathways in the attenuation of an RNA virus with elevated frequencies of CpG and UpA dinucleotides Open
Zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is a powerful restriction factor for viruses with elevated CpG dinucleotide frequencies. We report that ZAP similarly mediates antiviral restriction against echovirus 7 (E7) mutants with elevated frequen…
View article: Multiple roles of the non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) alphavirus unique domain (AUD) during Chikungunya virus genome replication and transcription
Multiple roles of the non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) alphavirus unique domain (AUD) during Chikungunya virus genome replication and transcription Open
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging Alphavirus causing fever, joint pain, skin rash, arthralgia, and occasionally death. Antiviral therapies and/or effective vaccines are urgently required. CHIKV biology is poorly understood, in par…
View article: A pivotal role of serine 225 phosphorylation in the function of hepatitis C virus NS5A revealed with the application of a phosphopeptide antiserum and super-resolution microscopy
A pivotal role of serine 225 phosphorylation in the function of hepatitis C virus NS5A revealed with the application of a phosphopeptide antiserum and super-resolution microscopy Open
NS5A is a multi-functional phosphoprotein that plays a key role in both viral replication and assembly. The identity of the kinases that phosphorylate NS5A, and the consequences for HCV biology, remain largely undefined. We previously iden…
View article: Multiple roles of the non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) alphavirus unique domain (AUD) during Chikungunya virus genome replication and transcription
Multiple roles of the non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) alphavirus unique domain (AUD) during Chikungunya virus genome replication and transcription Open
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging Alphavirus causing fever, joint pain, skin rash, arthralgia, and occasionally death. Antiviral therapies and/or effective vaccines are urgently required. CHIKV biology is poorly understood, in par…
View article: A role for domain I of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein in virus assembly
A role for domain I of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein in virus assembly Open
The NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) plays roles in both virus genome replication and assembly. NS5A comprises three domains, of these domain I is believed to be involved exclusively in genome replication. In contrast, domains II an…
View article: Regulation of hepatitis C virus replication via threonine phosphorylation of the NS5A protein
Regulation of hepatitis C virus replication via threonine phosphorylation of the NS5A protein Open
The hepatitis C virus non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein is highly phosphorylated and plays roles in both virus genome replication and assembly of infectious virus particles. NS5A comprises three domains separated by low complexity sequences…
View article: Phosphorylation of Serine 225 in Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Regulates Protein-Protein Interactions
Phosphorylation of Serine 225 in Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Regulates Protein-Protein Interactions Open
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is a phosphoprotein that plays key, yet poorly defined, roles in both virus genome replication and virion assembly/release. It has been proposed that differential phosphorylation coul…