Nuala A. Helsby
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View article: A thymine-challenge test to prospectively evaluate dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity for risk of severe 5-fluorouracil-induced gastrointestinal toxicity
A thymine-challenge test to prospectively evaluate dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity for risk of severe 5-fluorouracil-induced gastrointestinal toxicity Open
View article: Establishing the patient acceptable symptom state for patient-reported pain outcomes 6 months after breast cancer surgery
Establishing the patient acceptable symptom state for patient-reported pain outcomes 6 months after breast cancer surgery Open
Introduction: The patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) is a threshold score on patient-reported outcome measures beyond which patients consider their symptoms unacceptable (PASS negative). The PASS may guide the interpretation of outcom…
View article: Alternative splicing with CYP3A4*22: Implications for the steroid‐tacrolimus drug interaction
Alternative splicing with CYP3A4*22: Implications for the steroid‐tacrolimus drug interaction Open
View article: Clozapine metabolism and cardiotoxicity: A prospective longitudinal study
Clozapine metabolism and cardiotoxicity: A prospective longitudinal study Open
The assessment of clozapine-N-oxide formation, and N-oxidation relative to N-desmethylation ratios during treatment, may help identify a biomarker to aid the early detection of patients at risk of developing clozapine-induced cardiotoxicit…
View article: CYP-catalysed cycling of clozapine and clozapine- <i>N</i> -oxide promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species <i>in vitro</i>
CYP-catalysed cycling of clozapine and clozapine- <i>N</i> -oxide promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species <i>in vitro</i> Open
Clozapine is an effective atypical antipsychotic indicated for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but is under-prescribed due to the risk of severe adverse drug reactions such as myocarditis.A mechanistic understanding of clozapine cardiot…
View article: The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Enzymes
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Enzymes Open
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and about 600…
View article: The incidence, impact, and risk factors for moderate to severe persistent pain after breast cancer surgery: a prospective cohort study
The incidence, impact, and risk factors for moderate to severe persistent pain after breast cancer surgery: a prospective cohort study Open
Background Few Australasian studies have evaluated persistent pain after breast cancer surgery. Objective To evaluate the incidence, impact, and risk factors of moderate to severe persistent pain after breast cancer surgery in a New Zealan…
View article: Cytochrome P450 in GtoPdb v.2023.1
Cytochrome P450 in GtoPdb v.2023.1 Open
The cytochrome P450 enzyme superfamily (CYP), E.C. 1.14.-.-, are haem-containing monooxygenases with a vast range of both endogenous and exogenous substrates. These include sterols, fatty acids, eicosanoids, fat-soluble vitamins, hormones,…
View article: Re-thinking the possible interaction between proton pump inhibitors and capecitabine
Re-thinking the possible interaction between proton pump inhibitors and capecitabine Open
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) rank within the top ten most prescribed medications in Europe and USA. A high frequency of PPI use has been reported amongst patients undergoing chemotherapy, to mitigate treatment-induced gastritis or gastro-o…
View article: THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: Enzymes
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: Enzymes Open
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasi…
View article: Cytochrome P450 in GtoPdb v.2021.2
Cytochrome P450 in GtoPdb v.2021.2 Open
The cytochrome P450 enzyme superfamily (CYP), E.C. 1.14.-.-, are haem-containing monooxygenases with a vast range of both endogenous and exogenous substrates. These include sterols, fatty acids, eicosanoids, fat-soluble vitamins, hormones,…
View article: CYP2 family: physiological enzymes subset in GtoPdb v.2021.2
CYP2 family: physiological enzymes subset in GtoPdb v.2021.2 Open
Compared to the other CYP2 family enzymes, this subset have physiological rather than drug metabolising enzyme activities.
View article: Validating TDP1 as an Inhibition Target for the Development of Chemosensitizers for Camptothecin-Based Chemotherapy Drugs
Validating TDP1 as an Inhibition Target for the Development of Chemosensitizers for Camptothecin-Based Chemotherapy Drugs Open
Cancer chemotherapy sensitizers hold the key to maximizing the potential of standard anticancer treatments. We have a long-standing interest in developing and validating inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (…
View article: A higher throughput assay for quantification of melphalan-induced DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
A higher throughput assay for quantification of melphalan-induced DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells Open
Inter-individual differences in DNA adduct formation and repair influence the response to melphalan treatment, however, further clinical investigation of this variability requires a logistically feasible and reproducible bioassay. Our impr…
View article: A case–control study to assess the ability of the thymine challenge test to predict patients with severe to life threatening fluoropyrimidine‐induced gastrointestinal toxicity
A case–control study to assess the ability of the thymine challenge test to predict patients with severe to life threatening fluoropyrimidine‐induced gastrointestinal toxicity Open
Aims A previous study suggested that a thymine (THY) challenge dose could detect aberrant pharmacokinetics in known cases of fluoropyrimidine toxicity compared with healthy volunteers. The preliminary data suggested that urine sampling als…
View article: Cytochrome P450 (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Cytochrome P450 (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database Open
The cytochrome P450 enzyme family (CYP450), E.C. 1.14.-.-, were originally defined by their strong absorbance at 450 nm due to the reduced carbon monoxide-complexed haem component of the cytochromes. They are an extensive family of haem-co…
View article: The importance of both <i>CYP2C19</i> and <i>CYP2B6</i> germline variations in cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes
The importance of both <i>CYP2C19</i> and <i>CYP2B6</i> germline variations in cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes Open
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of solid and haematological malignancies and as an immunosuppressive agent. As a prodrug, it is dependent on bioactivation to the active phosphoramide mustard metabolite to elic…
View article: Human liver degradation of 5-fluorouracil: endogenous uracil may result in phenoconversion of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity
Human liver degradation of 5-fluorouracil: endogenous uracil may result in phenoconversion of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity Open
View article: Transport of 5-fluorouracil into primary human cells
Transport of 5-fluorouracil into primary human cells Open
Background. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used widely in the treatment of gastrointestinal and breast cancers. However its use is associated with severe (≥Grade 3) normal tissue toxicities, including mucositi…
View article: CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotypes in Pacific peoples
CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotypes in Pacific peoples Open
The study of pharmacogenetic variants in populations which reside in Oceania has been focused mainly on CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 . Statements about the high prevalence of CYP2C19 no function genotype in ‘Pacific Islanders’ can be found in the li…
View article: Cross-Comparison of Exome Analysis, Next-Generation Sequencing of Amplicons, and the iPLEX® ADME PGx Panel for Pharmacogenomic Profiling
Cross-Comparison of Exome Analysis, Next-Generation Sequencing of Amplicons, and the iPLEX® ADME PGx Panel for Pharmacogenomic Profiling Open
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been widely used for analysis of human genetic diseases, but its value for the pharmacogenomic profiling of individuals is not well studied. Initially, we performed an in-depth evaluation of the accuracy of…
View article: Towards a test to predict 5-fluorouracil toxicity: Pharmacokinetic data for thymine and two sequential metabolites following oral thymine administration to healthy adult males
Towards a test to predict 5-fluorouracil toxicity: Pharmacokinetic data for thymine and two sequential metabolites following oral thymine administration to healthy adult males Open
View article: Unravelling the role of <scp>SNM</scp>1 in the <scp>DNA</scp> repair system of <scp><i>T</i></scp><i>rypanosoma brucei</i>
Unravelling the role of <span>SNM</span>1 in the <span>DNA</span> repair system of <span><i>T</i></span><i>rypanosoma brucei</i> Open
Summary All living cells are subject to agents that promote DNA damage. A particularly lethal lesion are interstrand cross‐links ( ICL ), a property exploited by several anti‐cancer chemotherapies. In yeast and humans, an enzyme that plays…