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View article: Systemic and regional hemodynamic and (de)oxygenation responses across repeated breath-holds
Systemic and regional hemodynamic and (de)oxygenation responses across repeated breath-holds Open
In nondivers, regional cerebral (de)oxygenation responses varied greatly across repeated breath-holds, whereas peripheral tissue responses were comparable. At IBM onset, cerebral oxygenation increased significantly during the first breath-…
View article: Influence of sustained cognitive loading on finger circulatory and thermoperceptual responsiveness to localized cooling
Influence of sustained cognitive loading on finger circulatory and thermoperceptual responsiveness to localized cooling Open
The study examined whether finger vasoreactivity and thermosensitivity to local cooling would be modulated by two different paradigms of enhanced cognitive strain evoked by the prolonged execution of a mentally demanding task. When localiz…
View article: G tolerance and vascular sympathetic reflex responses as affected by repeated prolonged exposures to increased force field
G tolerance and vascular sympathetic reflex responses as affected by repeated prolonged exposures to increased force field Open
Five weeks of repeated exposures to head-to-seat directed G load in the relaxed state increased the capacity to tolerate rapid but not gradual G elevations, suggesting unaffected overall vascular sympathetic responses to high G. The G trai…
View article: Eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage and inflammation in conjunction with high‐altitude decompression in adults
Eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage and inflammation in conjunction with high‐altitude decompression in adults Open
This study aimed to investigate the effect of eccentric exercise on exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) and inflammation on high‐altitude‐induced venous gas emboli (VGE). Subjects were exposed to an altitude of 24,000 ft. for 90 min, wit…
View article: The effect of eccentric arm cycling on muscle damage and injury‐related biomarkers
The effect of eccentric arm cycling on muscle damage and injury‐related biomarkers Open
Purpose There is a scarcity of information regarding the effect of upper‐body eccentric exercise on biomarkers of muscle damage. This study sought to investigate the effect of eccentric arm cycling on muscle damage [exercise‐induced muscle…
View article: A 5-week centrifuge-based G training with feedback on the magnitude of G force does not improve the perception of roll tilt during simulated coordinated turns
A 5-week centrifuge-based G training with feedback on the magnitude of G force does not improve the perception of roll tilt during simulated coordinated turns Open
During a coordinated flight turn without external visual references, the pilot typically underestimates the aircraft bank angle, because unreliable information of roll tilt is conveyed by the vestibular system. The present results demonstr…
View article: Five weeks of intermittent hand exposures to alternating cold and hot stimuli do not modify finger cold-induced vasodilatation response
Five weeks of intermittent hand exposures to alternating cold and hot stimuli do not modify finger cold-induced vasodilatation response Open
We tested the hypothesis that prolonged intermittent hand exposures to transient contrast thermal stimuli would enhance the finger cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) response during localized cooling. Eight healthy men participated in a 5-…
View article: Influence of spatial orientation training in a centrifuge on the ability of fighter pilots to assess the bank angle during flight without visual references
Influence of spatial orientation training in a centrifuge on the ability of fighter pilots to assess the bank angle during flight without visual references Open
Spatial disorientation is a major problem in aviation. When performing coordinated flight turns without external visual cues (e.g., flying in clouds or darkness), the pilot underestimates the aircraft bank angle because the vestibular syst…
View article: Eccentric exercise before a 90 min exposure at 24,000 ft increases decompression strain depending on body region but not total muscle mass recruited
Eccentric exercise before a 90 min exposure at 24,000 ft increases decompression strain depending on body region but not total muscle mass recruited Open
Eccentric upper‐body exercise performed 24 h prior to high‐altitude decompression has previously been shown to aggravate venous gas emboli (VGE) load. Yet, it is unclear whether increasing the muscle mass recruited (i.e., upper vs. whole‐b…
View article: Effects of hyperventilation on repeated breath-holding while in a fasting state: do risks outweigh the benefits?
Effects of hyperventilation on repeated breath-holding while in a fasting state: do risks outweigh the benefits? Open
This study shows that breath-holds (apneas) preceded by a 12-h overnight fast coupled with a 30-s hyperventilation as opposed to normal breathing may increase the likelihood of a hypoxic blackout through delaying the excitation of hypercap…
View article: Repetitive high-sustained gravitoinertial stress does not modulate pressure responsiveness to peripheral sympathetic stimulation
Repetitive high-sustained gravitoinertial stress does not modulate pressure responsiveness to peripheral sympathetic stimulation Open
Purpose We evaluated the hypothesis that repetitive gravitoinertial stress would augment the arterial-pressure response to peripheral sympathetic stimulation. Methods Before and after a 5-weeks G-training regimen conducted in a human-use c…
View article: Nitrous oxide consistently attenuates thermogenic and thermoperceptual responses to repetitive cold stress in humans
Nitrous oxide consistently attenuates thermogenic and thermoperceptual responses to repetitive cold stress in humans Open
Human thermoeffector plasticity was evaluated in response to prolonged iterative exposure to 30% N 2 O and moderate cold stress. Regardless of the duration of gas exposure, N 2 O-induced narcosis impaired in a persistent manner shivering t…
View article: Eccentric exercise 24 h prior to hypobaric decompression increases decompression strain
Eccentric exercise 24 h prior to hypobaric decompression increases decompression strain Open
Purpose Animal studies have shown that recent musculoskeletal injuries increase the risk of decompression sickness (DCS). However, to date no similar experimental study has been performed in humans. The aim was to investigate if exercise-i…
View article: Increased Metabolic Demand During Outside Walking in Darkness With No Vision or With Visual Aid
Increased Metabolic Demand During Outside Walking in Darkness With No Vision or With Visual Aid Open
Introduction For tactical reasons, the foot-borne soldiers sometimes undertake nighttime operations. However, the metabolic demand during walking in complete darkness may be markedly increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate …
View article: Decompression strain in parachute jumpmasters during simulated high-altitude missions: a special reference to preoxygenation strategies
Decompression strain in parachute jumpmasters during simulated high-altitude missions: a special reference to preoxygenation strategies Open
Purpose Military parachute operations are often executed at high altitude, from an unpressurized aircraft compartment. Parachute jumpmasters (JM) are thus regularly exposed to 29,500 ft for 60 min. The aim was to investigate the decompress…
View article: Metabolic Demands and Kinematics During Level Walking in Darkness With No Vision or With Visual Aid
Metabolic Demands and Kinematics During Level Walking in Darkness With No Vision or With Visual Aid Open
Introduction Uniformed services commonly perform foot-borne operations at night, while using visual aid in terms of night vision goggles (NVG). During slow-level walking, complete lack of visual input alters kinematics and markedly increas…
View article: Acral skin vasoreactivity and thermosensitivity to hand cooling following 5 days of intermittent whole body cold exposure
Acral skin vasoreactivity and thermosensitivity to hand cooling following 5 days of intermittent whole body cold exposure Open
We sought to examine whether short-term, whole body cold acclimation would modulate finger vasoreactivity and thermosensitivity to localized cooling. Fourteen men were equally assigned to either the experimental (CA) or the control (CON) g…
View article: Human cardiovascular adaptation to hypergravity
Human cardiovascular adaptation to hypergravity Open
Despite decades of experience from high-gravitoinertial (G) exposures in aircraft and centrifuges, information is scarce regarding primary cardiovascular adaptations to +Gz loads in relaxed humans. Thus, effects of G-training are typically…
View article: Energy Intake of Men With Excess Weight During Normobaric Hypoxic Confinement
Energy Intake of Men With Excess Weight During Normobaric Hypoxic Confinement Open
Due to the observations of weight loss at high altitude, normobaric hypoxia has been considered as a method of weight loss in obese individuals. With this regard, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of hypoxia per se o…
View article: Heterogeneity of Hematological Response to Hypoxia and Short-Term or Medium-Term Bed Rest
Heterogeneity of Hematological Response to Hypoxia and Short-Term or Medium-Term Bed Rest Open
Hematological changes are commonly observed following prolonged exposure to hypoxia and bed rest. Typically, such responses have been reported as means and standard deviations, however, investigation into the responses of individuals is in…
View article: Differential responsiveness of glabrous and nonglabrous skin to local transmural pressure elevations: impact of 5 weeks of iterative local pressure loading
Differential responsiveness of glabrous and nonglabrous skin to local transmural pressure elevations: impact of 5 weeks of iterative local pressure loading Open
We examined the in vivo pressure-flow relationship in human cutaneous vessels during acute and repeated elevations of local transmural pressure. In 10 healthy men, red blood cell flux was monitored simultaneously on the nonglabrous skin of…
View article: Comparison of Joint and Muscle Biomechanics in Maximal Flywheel Squat and Leg Press
Comparison of Joint and Muscle Biomechanics in Maximal Flywheel Squat and Leg Press Open
The aim was to compare the musculoskeletal load distribution and muscle activity in two types of maximal flywheel leg-extension resistance exercises: horizontal leg press, during which the entire load is external, and squat, during which p…
View article: Whole‐body vibration preconditioning reduces the formation and delays the manifestation of high‐altitude‐induced venous gas emboli
Whole‐body vibration preconditioning reduces the formation and delays the manifestation of high‐altitude‐induced venous gas emboli Open
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Is performing a 30‐min whole‐body vibration (WBV) prior to a continuous 90‐min exposure at 24,000 ft sufficient to prevent venous gas emboli (VGE) formation? What is the main finding…
View article: Spatial orientation during gondola centrifugation with subjects upright versus supine: Evidence for Gestalt psychological mechanisms in vestibular perception
Spatial orientation during gondola centrifugation with subjects upright versus supine: Evidence for Gestalt psychological mechanisms in vestibular perception Open
BACKGROUND: Recent theories suggest that perception of complex self-motion is governed by familiarity of the motion pattern as a whole in 3D. OBJECTIVE: To explore how familiarity determines the perceived angular displacement with respect …
View article: Adaptation to 5 weeks of intermittent local vascular pressure increments; mechanisms to be considered in the development of primary hypertension?
Adaptation to 5 weeks of intermittent local vascular pressure increments; mechanisms to be considered in the development of primary hypertension? Open
Adaptive responses to arterial/arteriolar pressure elevation have typically been investigated in cross-sectional studies in hypertensive patients or in longitudinal studies in experimental animals. The present investigation shows that in h…