Olga A. Nikolaitchik
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View article: How to recover from a bad start: adaptation of HIV-1 transcription start site mutants during serial passaging in culture
How to recover from a bad start: adaptation of HIV-1 transcription start site mutants during serial passaging in culture Open
HIV-1 uses neighboring sequences as transcription start sites and generates multiple unspliced transcripts, including two major transcripts with three guanosines (3G) or one guanosine (1G) at the 5′ end. Although only differing by 2-nt, 3G…
View article: Elements in the 5′ Untranslated Region of Viral RNA Important for HIV Gag Recognition and Cross-Packaging
Elements in the 5′ Untranslated Region of Viral RNA Important for HIV Gag Recognition and Cross-Packaging Open
During retrovirus assembly, Gag packages unspliced viral RNA as the virion genome. Genome packaging is usually specific with occasional exceptions of cross-packaging RNA from distantly related retroviruses. For example, HIV-1 Gag can effic…
View article: HIV-1 transcription start sites usage and its impact on unspliced RNA functions in people living with HIV
HIV-1 transcription start sites usage and its impact on unspliced RNA functions in people living with HIV Open
HIV-1 unspliced RNA serves two distinct functions during viral replication: it is packaged into particles as the viral genome, and it is translated to generate Gag/Gag-Pol polyproteins required for virus assembly. Recent studies have demon…
View article: HIV-1 usurps transcription start site heterogeneity of host RNA polymerase II to maximize replication fitness
HIV-1 usurps transcription start site heterogeneity of host RNA polymerase II to maximize replication fitness Open
HIV-1 relies on host RNA polymeraseII (Pol II) to transcribe its genome and uses multiple transcription start sites (TSS), including three consecutive guanosines located near the U3-R junction, to generate transcripts containing three, two…
View article: Adaptation of HIV-1/HIV-2 Chimeras with Defects in Genome Packaging and Viral Replication
Adaptation of HIV-1/HIV-2 Chimeras with Defects in Genome Packaging and Viral Replication Open
Novel retroviruses can emerge from recombination between distantly related retroviruses. Most notably, HIV-1 originated from zoonotic transmission of a novel recombinant (SIV cpz ) into humans.
View article: Transcription Start Site Heterogeneity and Preferential Packaging of Specific Full-Length RNA Species Are Conserved Features of Primate Lentiviruses
Transcription Start Site Heterogeneity and Preferential Packaging of Specific Full-Length RNA Species Are Conserved Features of Primate Lentiviruses Open
Unspliced HIV-1 RNA serves two important roles during viral replication: as the virion genome and as the template for translation of Gag/Gag-Pol. Previous studies of two HIV-1 molecular clones have concluded that the TSS usage affects unsp…
View article: Plasma Membrane Anchoring and Gag:Gag Multimerization on Viral RNA Are Critical Properties of HIV-1 Gag Required To Mediate Efficient Genome Packaging
Plasma Membrane Anchoring and Gag:Gag Multimerization on Viral RNA Are Critical Properties of HIV-1 Gag Required To Mediate Efficient Genome Packaging Open
To generate infectious virions, HIV-1 must package its full-length RNA as the genome during particle assembly. HIV-1 Gag:RNA interactions mediate genome packaging, but the mechanism remains unclear.
View article: Selective packaging of HIV-1 RNA genome is guided by the stability of 5′ untranslated region polyA stem
Selective packaging of HIV-1 RNA genome is guided by the stability of 5′ untranslated region polyA stem Open
Significance HIV-1 must select and package its RNA genome from an abundant pool of cellular RNAs. To understand this essential replication step, we studied two nearly identical HIV-1 RNAs that are differentially encapsidated. HIV-1 RNA wit…
View article: Development of a Cell-Based Luciferase Complementation Assay for Identification of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro Inhibitors
Development of a Cell-Based Luciferase Complementation Assay for Identification of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro Inhibitors Open
The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is considered an excellent target for COVID-19 antiviral drug development because it is essential for viral replication and has a cleavage specificity distinct from human proteases. However, drug…
View article: Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution
Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution Open
The unspliced HIV-1 full-length RNA (HIV-1 RNA) is packaged into virions as the genome and is translated to generate viral structural proteins and enzymes. To serve these functions, HIV-1 RNA must be exported from the nucleus to the cytopl…
View article: Unpaired Guanosines in the 5′ Untranslated Region of HIV-1 RNA Act Synergistically To Mediate Genome Packaging
Unpaired Guanosines in the 5′ Untranslated Region of HIV-1 RNA Act Synergistically To Mediate Genome Packaging Open
HIV-1 must package its RNA genome during virus assembly to generate infectious viruses. To better understand how HIV-1 packages its RNA genome, we examined the roles of RNA elements identified as binding sites for NC, a Gag-derived RNA-bin…
View article: Visualizing the translation and packaging of HIV-1 full-length RNA
Visualizing the translation and packaging of HIV-1 full-length RNA Open
Significance The major viral components of HIV-1 virions are full-length RNA (HIV-1 RNA) and its translation products. Packaged HIV-1 RNA carries viral genetic information, and its translation products Gag and Gag-Pol constitute the virus …
View article: Recombination is required for efficient HIV-1 replication and the maintenance of viral genome integrity
Recombination is required for efficient HIV-1 replication and the maintenance of viral genome integrity Open
Retroviruses package two complete RNA genomes into a viral particle but generate only one provirus after each infection. This pseudodiploid replication strategy facilitates frequent recombination, which occurs during DNA synthesis when rev…
View article: Interactions between HIV-1 Gag and Viral RNA Genome Enhance Virion Assembly
Interactions between HIV-1 Gag and Viral RNA Genome Enhance Virion Assembly Open
Most HIV-1 virions contain two copies of full-length viral RNA, indicating that genome packaging is efficient and tightly regulated. However, the structural protein Gag is the only component required for the assembly of noninfectious virus…
View article: Minimal Contribution of APOBEC3-Induced G-to-A Hypermutation to HIV-1 Recombination and Genetic Variation
Minimal Contribution of APOBEC3-Induced G-to-A Hypermutation to HIV-1 Recombination and Genetic Variation Open
Although the predominant effect of host restriction APOBEC3 proteins on HIV-1 infection is to block viral replication, they might inadvertently increase retroviral genetic variation by inducing G-to-A hypermutation. Numerous studies have d…