Oliver E. Demuth
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View article: Constrained variation in the internal architecture of avian wing bones
Constrained variation in the internal architecture of avian wing bones Open
Extant birds exhibit remarkable ecological disparity accompanied by widespread skeletal convergence driven by functional adaptation. Investigations of morphofunctional associations with ecological factors have frequently focused on the ext…
View article: Soft tissue constraints on joint mobility in the avian shoulder
Soft tissue constraints on joint mobility in the avian shoulder Open
Joints and their surrounding soft tissues facilitate and restrict vertebrate skeletal motion. Measures of maximal joint mobility provide insight into articular function and its limits on potential joint motion and thereby behaviour. In ext…
View article: Constrained variation in the internal architecture of avian wing bones
Constrained variation in the internal architecture of avian wing bones Open
Extant birds exhibit remarkable ecological disparity accompanied by widespread skeletal convergence driven by functional adaptation. Investigations of morphofunctional associations with ecological factors have frequently focused on the ext…
View article: Speed from fossil trackways: calculations not validated by extant birds on compliant substrates
Speed from fossil trackways: calculations not validated by extant birds on compliant substrates Open
Fossil trackways serve as a valuable tool in understanding the behaviour and locomotion of extinct animals. Calculating speeds from trackways has become a standard approach, particularly for dinosaurs. However, the original equation was de…
View article: Soft tissue constraints on joint mobility in the avian shoulder
Soft tissue constraints on joint mobility in the avian shoulder Open
Joints and their surrounding soft tissues facilitate and restrict vertebrate skeletal motion. Measures of maximal joint mobility provide insight into articular function and its limits on potential joint motion and thereby behaviour. In ext…
View article: Reconstructing locomotor ecology of extinct avialans: a case study of <i>Ichthyornis</i> comparing sternum morphology and skeletal proportions
Reconstructing locomotor ecology of extinct avialans: a case study of <i>Ichthyornis</i> comparing sternum morphology and skeletal proportions Open
Avian skeletal morphology is associated with locomotor function, including flight style, swimming and terrestrial locomotion, and permits informed inferences on locomotion in extinct taxa. The fossil taxon Ichthyornis (Avialae: Ornithurae)…
View article: Modern three-dimensional digital methods for studying locomotor biomechanics in tetrapods
Modern three-dimensional digital methods for studying locomotor biomechanics in tetrapods Open
Here, we review the modern interface of three-dimensional (3D) empirical (e.g. motion capture) and theoretical (e.g. modelling and simulation) approaches to the study of terrestrial locomotion using appendages in tetrapod vertebrates. Thes…
View article: Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur <i>Euparkeria capensis</i>
Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur <i>Euparkeria capensis</i> Open
Birds and crocodylians are the only remaining members of Archosauria (ruling reptiles) and they exhibit major differences in posture and gait, which are polar opposites in terms of locomotor strategies. Their broader lineages (Avemetatarsa…
View article: Euparkeria simulation joint angles from Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur <i>Euparkeria capensis</i>
Euparkeria simulation joint angles from Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur <i>Euparkeria capensis</i> Open
Angles for all joints for the 16 OpenSim simulations
View article: COM moments for Euparkeria from Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur <i>Euparkeria capensis</i>
COM moments for Euparkeria from Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur <i>Euparkeria capensis</i> Open
Moment calculations for the different Euparkeria models
View article: Model parameters estimates and OpenSim muscle parameters from Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur <i>Euparkeria capensis</i>
Model parameters estimates and OpenSim muscle parameters from Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur <i>Euparkeria capensis</i> Open
Model parameters based on different estimation methods and their resulting optimal fibre length and isometric Fmax for OpenSim
View article: Muscle parameter comparison from Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur <i>Euparkeria capensis</i>
Muscle parameter comparison from Quantitative biomechanical assessment of locomotor capabilities of the stem archosaur <i>Euparkeria capensis</i> Open
Muscle architectural parameters of Euparkeria and extant saurians
View article: Constraining pterosaur launch: range of motion in the pectoral and pelvic girdles of a medium-sized ornithocheiraean pterosaur
Constraining pterosaur launch: range of motion in the pectoral and pelvic girdles of a medium-sized ornithocheiraean pterosaur Open
Launch is the most energetically expensive part of flight and is considered a limiting factor in the size of modern flyers. Pterosaurs reached significantly larger sizes than modern flyers and are proposed to have launched either bipedalll…
View article: Walking—and Running and Jumping—with Dinosaurs and their Cousins, Viewed Through the Lens of Evolutionary Biomechanics
Walking—and Running and Jumping—with Dinosaurs and their Cousins, Viewed Through the Lens of Evolutionary Biomechanics Open
Archosauria diversified throughout the Triassic Period before experiencing two mass extinctions near its end ∼201 Mya, leaving only the crocodile-lineage (Crocodylomorpha) and bird-lineage (Dinosauria) as survivors; along with the pterosau…
View article: Topology-Based Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Delicate Skeletal Fossil Remains and the Quantification of Their Taphonomic Deformation
Topology-Based Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Delicate Skeletal Fossil Remains and the Quantification of Their Taphonomic Deformation Open
Taphonomic and diagenetic processes inevitably distort the original skeletal morphology of fossil vertebrate remains. Key aspects of palaeobiological datasets may be directly impacted by such morphological deformation, such as taxonomic di…
View article: 3D_muscle_models.zip
3D_muscle_models.zip Open
OBJs of all Crocodylus and Gorilla muscles studiedfromDemuth, O.E., Wiseman, A.L.A., van Beesel, J. et al. Three-dimensional polygonal muscle modelling and line of action estimation in living and extinct taxa. Sci Rep 12, 3358 (2022).
View article: Demuth_et_al_data.zip
Demuth_et_al_data.zip Open
Raw/processed data on muscle parameters subjected to statistical analysesfromDemuth, O.E., Wiseman, A.L.A., van Beesel, J. et al. Three-dimensional polygonal muscle modelling and line of action estimation in living and extinct taxa. Sci Re…
View article: A Guide to Inverse Kinematic Marker-Guided Rotoscoping Using IK Solvers
A Guide to Inverse Kinematic Marker-Guided Rotoscoping Using IK Solvers Open
Synopsis X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) permits researchers to see beneath the skin, usually to see musculoskeletal movements. These movements can be tracked and later used to provide information regarding the mechanics …
View article: Reconstructing Articular Cartilage in the <i>Australopithecus afarensis</i> Hip Joint and the Need for Modeling Six Degrees of Freedom
Reconstructing Articular Cartilage in the <i>Australopithecus afarensis</i> Hip Joint and the Need for Modeling Six Degrees of Freedom Open
Synopsis The postcranial skeleton of Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288–1) exhibits clear adaptations for bipedality, although there is some debate as to the efficiency and frequency of such upright movement. Some researchers argue that AL…
View article: Modeling Sprawling Locomotion of the Stem Amniote Orobates
Modeling Sprawling Locomotion of the Stem Amniote Orobates Open
The stem amniote Orobates pabsti has been reconstructed to be capable of relatively erect, balanced, and mechanically power-saving terrestrial locomotion. This suggested that the evolution of such advanced locomotor capabilities preceded t…
View article: Musculoskeletal modelling of the Nile crocodile (<i>Crocodylus niloticus</i>) hindlimb: Effects of limb posture on leverage during terrestrial locomotion
Musculoskeletal modelling of the Nile crocodile (<i>Crocodylus niloticus</i>) hindlimb: Effects of limb posture on leverage during terrestrial locomotion Open
We developed a three‐dimensional, computational biomechanical model of a juvenile Nile crocodile ( Crocodylus niloticus ) pelvis and hindlimb, composed of 47 pelvic limb muscles, to investigate muscle function. We tested whether crocodiles…
View article: 3D hindlimb joint mobility of the stem-archosaur Euparkeria capensis with implications for postural evolution within Archosauria
3D hindlimb joint mobility of the stem-archosaur Euparkeria capensis with implications for postural evolution within Archosauria Open
Triassic archosaurs and stem-archosaurs show a remarkable disparity in their ankle and pelvis morphologies. However, the implications of these different morphologies for specific functions are still poorly understood. Here, we present the …
View article: The Tail of the Late Jurassic Sauropod Giraffatitan brancai: Digital Reconstruction of Its Epaxial and Hypaxial Musculature, and Implications for Tail Biomechanics
The Tail of the Late Jurassic Sauropod Giraffatitan brancai: Digital Reconstruction of Its Epaxial and Hypaxial Musculature, and Implications for Tail Biomechanics Open
Dinosaur locomotion and biomechanics, especially of their pelvic girdles and hindlimbs, have been analyzed in numerous studies. However, detailed volumetric musculoskeletal models of their tails are rarely developed. Here, we present the f…
View article: Euparkeria microCT scan data
Euparkeria microCT scan data Open
Original microCT scan datasets from this paper:Demuth, O.E., Rayfield, E.J., Hutchinson, J.R. 2020. 3D hindlimb joint mobility of the stem-archosaur Euparkeria capensis with implications for postural evolution within Archosauria. Scientifi…