Explanipedia

Ten years of measurements (2012–2022) of the atmospheric composition at Saclay/SIRTA Observatory in the Ile de France Region as part of ICOS and ACTRIS Open

Laura Bouillon, Valérie Gros, Morgan Lopez, Nicolas Bonnaire, Carole Philippon , et al. · 2025

CO2 is the main contributor to global warming, and cities now account for more than two-thirds of emissions of this gas. Atmospheric observatories located on the outskirts of cities are therefore important facilities for measuring the impa…

Gridded fossil CO2 emissions and related O2 combustion consistent with national inventories Open

Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Glen P. Peters, Greet Janssens‐Maenhout, Anthony J. De-Gol , et al. · 2025

Data Access Notice Please note that, at present, the data for a sample of years are provided in this data record due to Zenodo's 50GB data limit. Data for all years 1959-2024 can be accessed via the following link: https://opendap.uea.ac.u…

Global Carbon Budget 2025 Open

Michael O’Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothée C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck , et al. · 2025

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the…

Projection of global daily CO 2 emission in 2025 Open

Zhu Deng, Philippe Ciais, Steven J. Davis, Zhu Liu · 2025

An improved approach to estimate the natural land carbon sink Open

Michael O’Sullivan, Pierre Friedlingstein, Stephen Sitch, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl , et al. · 2025

The natural land carbon sink (SLAND) absorbs roughly 25-30% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, thus playing a critical role in offsetting climate warming. In the Global Carbon Budget (GCB), SLAND is estimated using model simulations that isol…

Old-growth forest patches are widespread outside nature reserves in Southern China Open

Martin Brandt, Xiaowei Tong, Qiue Xu, Yuemin Yue, Kelin Wang , et al. · 2025

Forests can be hotspots for ecosystem services, such as carbon stocks, biodiversity and cultural values, but economic drivers have replaced most old forests with monoculture plantations, which have very limited ecosystem services. Remnants…

Dramatic biases in terrestrial nitrogen fixation in Earth System Models revealed by natural isotope signatures Open

Maoyuan Feng, Shushi Peng, Philippe Ciais, Daniel S. Goll, Benjamin Z. Houlton , et al. · 2025

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the primary input of new reactive nitrogen to natural terrestrial ecosystems. However, this flux is poorly constrained due to its unclear drivers and associated control mechanisms. Here, we extend the …

A near-real time daily European Power Consumption and Carbon Intensity Dataset (ECON-PowerCI) Open

Shujie Zhang, Wenli Zhao, Biqing Zhu, Chunhua Yan, Xuanren Song , et al. · 2025

Significant sensitivity of global vegetation productivity to terrestrial surface wind speed changes Open

Haohao Wu, Congsheng Fu, Lingling Zhang, Z. A. Mekonnen, Qing Zhu , et al. · 2025

Decadal changes in terrestrial surface wind speed since the 1960s have been extensively documented, while the mechanism and the extent of their impacts on terrestrial ecosystem productivity remain unclear. Here, we systematically explore t…

Vegetation cover change as a growing driver of global leaf area index dynamics Open

Dashan Wang, Alan D. Ziegler, Joseph Holden, Dominick V. Spracklen, Philippe Ciais , et al. · 2025

The ongoing four-decade increase in global leaf area index (LAI), inferred from satellite observations, suggests enhanced carbon sequestration and evaporative cooling with potential benefits that may help mitigate climate warming. However,…

Global atmospheric inversion of the anthropogenic NH 3 emissions over 2019–2022 using the LMDZ-INCA chemistry transport model and the IASI NH 3 observations Open

Pramod Kumar, Grégoire Broquet, Didier Hauglustaine, Maureen Beaudor, Lieven Clarisse , et al. · 2025

Ammonia (NH3) emissions have been on a continuous rise due to extensive fertilizer usage in agriculture and increasing production of manure and livestock. However, the current global-to-national NH3 emission inventories exhibit large uncer…

A System Reanalysis of the Current Greenhouse Gases Budget of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Russia Open

А. Shvidenko, Philippe Ciais, Prabir K. Patra, Ana Bastos, Shamil Maksyutov , et al. · 2025

This study synthesizes the budgets of three greenhouse gases (GHG, namely CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O) for Russia over two decades (2000–2009 and 2010–2019) using bottom‐up and top‐down approaches, as part of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment a…

Distinct drivers of extreme and non-extreme fires in the Brazilian Amazon Open

Wei Li, Zhixuan Guo, Philippe Ciais, Stephen Sitch, Guido R. van der Werf , et al. · 2025

The Brazilian Amazon suffers from frequent fires with varying sizes and intensities, but the causes for extreme and non-extreme fires remain unclear. Here, using multiple satellite-based observations and explainable machine learning models…

Supplementary material to "Representing dynamic grass density in the land surface model ORCHIDEE r9010" Open

Siqing Xu, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Yves Balkanski, Philippe Ciais, Nicolas Viovy , et al. · 2025

Representing dynamic grass density in the land surface model ORCHIDEE r9010 Open

Siqing Xu, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Yves Balkanski, Philippe Ciais, Nicolas Viovy , et al. · 2025

In semi-arid regions, grasses and shrubs often form spatial heterogeneous patterns interspersed with bare soil, optimizing resource use and productivity. Accurately representing the matrix of vegetation and bare soil in global land surface…

Representing high-latitude deep carbon in the pre-industrial state of the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model (r8704) Open

Yi Xi, Philippe Ciais, Dan Zhu, Chunjing Qiu, Yuan Zhang , et al. · 2025

Field measurements, after extrapolation, suggest that deep Yedoma deposits (ice-rich, organic-rich permafrost, formed during the late Pleistocene) and peatlands (formed mostly during the Holocene) account for about 600 Pg C of soil carbon …

Supplementary material to "A fused canopy height map of Italy (2004–2024) from spaceborne and airborne LiDAR, and Landsat via deep learning and Bayesian averaging" Open

Yang Su, Nikola Bešič, Xianglin Zhang, Yidi Xu, Saverio Francini , et al. · 2025

A fused canopy height map of Italy (2004–2024) from spaceborne and airborne LiDAR, and Landsat via deep learning and Bayesian averaging Open

Yang Su, Nikola Bešič, Xianglin Zhang, Yidi Xu, Saverio Francini , et al. · 2025

Forests are vital for the carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and climate regulation, making the precise and continuous monitoring of forest structure attributes such as canopy height essential. Here we present a two decades l…

High-resolution modelling of methane plumes: validation and sensitivity experiments to explore emission quantification approaches Open

Rakesh Yuvaraj, Thomas Lauvaux, Charbel Abdallah, Philippe Ciais, Julian Akani Guery , et al. · 2025

Methane (CH4) emissions from natural gas operations, waste management, and industrial ac- tivities have been detected using satellite observations and airborne campaigns. Quantifying these emissions remains uncertain due to the complex str…

High spatiotemporal resolution traffic CO 2 emission maps derived from Floating Car Data (FCD) for 20 European cities (2023) Open

Qinren Shi, Philippe Ciais, Nicolas Megel, Xavier Bonnemaizon, Rohith Teja Mittakola , et al. · 2025

On-road transportation is a major contributor to CO2 emissions in cities, and high-resolution CO2 traffic emission maps are essential for analyzing emission patterns and characteristics. In this study, we developed new hourly CO2 emission …

Retrieving yearly forest growth from satellite data: A deep learning based approach Open

Martin Schwartz, Philippe Ciais, Ewan Sean, Aurélien De Truchis, Cédric Vega , et al. · 2025

Global covariation of forest age transitions with the net carbon balance Open

Simon Besnard, Viola Heinrich, Nuno Carvalhais, Philippe Ciais, Martin Herold , et al. · 2025

Global biogenic isoprene emissions 2013–2020 inferred from satellite isoprene observations Open

Hui Li, Philippe Ciais, Pramod Kumar, Didier Hauglustaine, Frédéric Chevallier , et al. · 2025

Isoprene, the most emitted biogenic volatile organic compound, exerts a remarkable influence on atmospheric oxidation capacity, air quality, and climate. Most existing top-down atmospheric estimates of isoprene emissions rely on observatio…

Supplementary material to "Global biogenic isoprene emissions 2013–2020 inferred from satellite isoprene observations" Open

Hui Li, Philippe Ciais, Pramod Kumar, Didier Hauglustaine, Frédéric Chevallier , et al. · 2025

Spatiotemporal patterns of methane fluxes across alpine permafrost region on the Tibetan Plateau Open

Laiming Huang, Shuqi Qin, Dan Kou, Philippe Ciais, Xiaofeng Xu , et al. · 2025

Spatially varying parameters improve carbon cycle modeling in the Amazon rainforest with ORCHIDEE r8849 Open

Lei Zhu, Philippe Ciais, Yitong Yao, Daniel S. Goll, Sebastiaan Luyssaert , et al. · 2025

Uncertainty in the dynamics of the Amazon rainforest poses a critical challenge for accurately modeling the global carbon cycle. Current dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), which use one or two plant functional types for tropical rai…

Harmonized Annual Averaged Traffic Data at Street Segment Level for European Cities Open

Xavier Bonnemaizon, Philippe Ciais, Chuanlong Zhou, Qinren Shi, Rohith Teja Mittakola , et al. · 2025

The Key Role of Xylem Hydraulic Vulnerability in Influencing Interannual Growth Variability of Earlywood and Latewood Across the Northern Hemisphere Open

Mengtao Sun, Lixin Wang, Steven A. Kannenberg, Hongyan Liu, Christopher R. Schwalm , et al. · 2025

Estimating interannual variability of earlywood and latewood growth is crucial for assessing the fluctuations in forest carbon sequestration. However, with amplified climate variations, it remains unclear how earlywood and latewood growth …

Emergent constraints on projections of declining primary production in the tropical oceans Open

Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Aumont, Philippe Ciais, Peter M. Cox , et al. · 2025

Marine primary production is a fundamental component of the Earth system, providing the main source of food and energy to the marine food web, and influencing the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 (refs,). Earth system model (ESM) projecti…

Reconstructed global monthly burned area maps from 1901 to 2020 Open

Zhixuan Guo, Wei Li, Philippe Ciais, Stephen Sitch, Guido R. van der Werf , et al. · 2025

Fire is a key Earth system process, driving variability in the global carbon cycle through CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and subsequent CO2 uptake through vegetation recovery after fires. Global spatiotemporally consistent datasets on …

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