Peter Claes
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View article: Comment on “De Novo Reconstruction of 3D Human Facial Images from DNA Sequence”
Comment on “De Novo Reconstruction of 3D Human Facial Images from DNA Sequence” Open
The recent article by Jiao et al., presenting the Difface model for reconstructing faces from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and other artificial intelligence (AI)‐enabled facial genetics research, has transformative potential for biomedical …
View article: Moving the Fine Print to the Front Page: Transparent Communication of Facial Genetics Research
Moving the Fine Print to the Front Page: Transparent Communication of Facial Genetics Research Open
AI‐enabled facial genetics research has transformative potential for biomedical and forensic applications, but raises serious ethical, legal, and social challenges. Candor and clarity promote the advancement of science and facilitate the d…
View article: An autoencoder and vision transformer based interpretability analysis on the performance differences in automated staging of second and third molars
An autoencoder and vision transformer based interpretability analysis on the performance differences in automated staging of second and third molars Open
The practical adoption of deep learning in high-stakes forensic applications, such as dental age estimation, is often limited by the 'black box' nature of the models. This study introduces a framework designed to enhance both performance a…
View article: Measuring sexual dimorphism in human faces
Measuring sexual dimorphism in human faces Open
Facial shape is one of the most widely studied sexually dimorphic traits in humans. Sexually dimorphic facial shape has been linked to processes in neurodevelopment, immunocompetence, social perception, and mate preference. However, resear…
View article: Three-dimensional facial scanning: quantitative and qualitative assessment of five different modalities with CBCT as a reference
Three-dimensional facial scanning: quantitative and qualitative assessment of five different modalities with CBCT as a reference Open
Choosing the appropriate scanner requires careful consideration of performance, visual realism, and clinical objectives, given the variety of available technologies, each offering distinct benefits and drawbacks.
View article: An Autoencoder and Vision Transformer-based Interpretability Analysis of the Differences in Automated Staging of Second and Third Molars
An Autoencoder and Vision Transformer-based Interpretability Analysis of the Differences in Automated Staging of Second and Third Molars Open
The practical adoption of deep learning in high-stakes forensic applications, such as dental age estimation, is often limited by the 'black box' nature of the models. This study introduces a framework designed to enhance both performance a…
View article: Attention Maps in 3D Shape Classification for Dental Stage Estimation with Class Node Graph Attention Networks
Attention Maps in 3D Shape Classification for Dental Stage Estimation with Class Node Graph Attention Networks Open
Deep learning offers a promising avenue for automating many recognition tasks in fields such as medicine and forensics. However, the black-box nature of these models hinders their adoption in high-stakes applications where trust and accoun…
View article: Advancing Genotype-Phenotype Analysis through 3D Facial Morphometry: Insights from Cri-du-Chat Syndrome
Advancing Genotype-Phenotype Analysis through 3D Facial Morphometry: Insights from Cri-du-Chat Syndrome Open
Purpose Facial dysmorphism is a feature of many monogenic disorders, and is important in diagnostics, variant interpretation and nosology. Nevertheless, comprehensively assessing the complex facial shape changes associated with specific sy…
View article: Differences in Automated Staging of Second and Third Molars: An Autoencoder and Vision Transformer-based Interpretability Analysis
Differences in Automated Staging of Second and Third Molars: An Autoencoder and Vision Transformer-based Interpretability Analysis Open
Dental age estimation is a critical part of forensic odontology applications. It is conventionally carried out by experts on dental orthopantomograms manually. Deep learning models are the current state-of-the-art in automated dental age e…
View article: Clustering individuals using INMTD: a novel versatile multi-view embedding framework integrating omics and imaging data
Clustering individuals using INMTD: a novel versatile multi-view embedding framework integrating omics and imaging data Open
Motivation Combining omics and images can lead to a more comprehensive clustering of individuals than classic single-view approaches. Among the various approaches for multi-view clustering, nonnegative matrix tri-factorization (NMTF) and n…
View article: Enhanced insights into the genetic architecture of 3D cranial vault shape using pleiotropy-informed GWAS
Enhanced insights into the genetic architecture of 3D cranial vault shape using pleiotropy-informed GWAS Open
Large-scale GWAS studies have uncovered hundreds of genomic loci linked to facial and brain shape variation, but only tens associated with cranial vault shape, a largely overlooked aspect of the craniofacial complex. Surrounding the neocor…
View article: Optimized phenotyping of complex morphological traits: enhancing discovery of common and rare genetic variants
Optimized phenotyping of complex morphological traits: enhancing discovery of common and rare genetic variants Open
Genotype–phenotype (G-P) analyses for complex morphological traits typically utilize simple, predetermined anatomical measures or features derived via unsupervised dimension reduction techniques (e.g. principal component analysis (PCA) or …
View article: Low to Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Facial Shape of Children at Age 6 to 8 Years
Low to Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Facial Shape of Children at Age 6 to 8 Years Open
Importance In addition to confirmed prenatal alcohol exposure and severe neurodevelopmental deficits, three cardinal facial features are included in the diagnostic criteria for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. It is not understood whether …
View article: Analysis and prediction of condylar resorption following orthognathic surgery
Analysis and prediction of condylar resorption following orthognathic surgery Open
Condylar resorption is a feared complication of orthognathic surgery. This study investigated condylar resorption in a cohort of 200 patients This allowed for a powerful update on incidence and risk factors. 9.5% of patients developed reso…
View article: A 3D Clinical Face Phenotype Space of Genetic Syndromes Using a Triplet-Based Singular Geometric Autoencoder
A 3D Clinical Face Phenotype Space of Genetic Syndromes Using a Triplet-Based Singular Geometric Autoencoder Open
Clinical diagnosis of syndromes benefits strongly from objective facial phenotyping. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance clinical diagnosis through the development and exploration of a low-dimensional metric space referred to…
View article: Mapping genes for human face shape: Exploration of univariate phenotyping strategies
Mapping genes for human face shape: Exploration of univariate phenotyping strategies Open
Human facial shape, while strongly heritable, involves both genetic and structural complexity, necessitating precise phenotyping for accurate assessment. Common phenotyping strategies include simplifying 3D facial features into univariate …
View article: A Functional Linear Regression for High‐Resolution 3D Faces
A Functional Linear Regression for High‐Resolution 3D Faces Open
Many scientific disciplines are faced with the challenge of extracting meaningful information from large, complex and highly structured datasets. A significant portion of contemporary statistical research is dedicated to developing tools f…
View article: Clustering individuals using INMTD: a novel versatile multi-view embedding framework integrating omics and imaging data
Clustering individuals using INMTD: a novel versatile multi-view embedding framework integrating omics and imaging data Open
Motivation Combining omics and images, can lead to a more comprehensive clustering of individuals than classic single-view approaches. Among the various approaches for multi-view clustering, nonnegative matrix tri-factorization (NMTF) and …
View article: Novel multi-omics deconfounding variational autoencoders can obtain meaningful disease subtyping
Novel multi-omics deconfounding variational autoencoders can obtain meaningful disease subtyping Open
Unsupervised learning, particularly clustering, plays a pivotal role in disease subtyping and patient stratification, especially with the abundance of large-scale multi-omics data. Deep learning models, such as variational autoencoders (VA…
View article: The impact of breastfeeding on facial appearance in adolescent children
The impact of breastfeeding on facial appearance in adolescent children Open
Evidence that breastfeeding impacts the facial features of children is conflicting. Most studies to date have focused on dental and skeletal malocclusion. It currently remains unclear whether such effects are of sufficient magnitude to be …
View article: Toward <scp>3D</scp> facial analysis for recognizing Mendelian causes of autism spectrum disorder
Toward <span>3D</span> facial analysis for recognizing Mendelian causes of autism spectrum disorder Open
Recognizing Mendelian causes is crucial in molecular diagnostics and counseling for patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We explored facial dysmorphism and facial asymmetry in relation to genetic causes in ASD patients and studied…
View article: Mapping genes for human face shape: exploration of univariate phenotyping strategies
Mapping genes for human face shape: exploration of univariate phenotyping strategies Open
Human facial shape, while strongly heritable, involves both genetic and structural complexity, necessitating precise phenotyping for accurate assessment. Common phenotyping strategies include simplifying 3D facial features into univariate …
View article: A novel approach to craniofacial analysis using automated 3D landmarking of the skull
A novel approach to craniofacial analysis using automated 3D landmarking of the skull Open
Automatic dense 3D surface registration is a powerful technique for comprehensive 3D shape analysis that has found a successful application in human craniofacial morphology research, particularly within the mandibular and cranial vault reg…
View article: A common cis-regulatory variant impacts normal-range and disease-associated human facial shape through regulation of PKDCC during chondrogenesis
A common cis-regulatory variant impacts normal-range and disease-associated human facial shape through regulation of PKDCC during chondrogenesis Open
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified thousands of genetic variants linked to phenotypic traits and disease risk. However, mechanistic understanding of how GWAS variants influence complex morphological traits and can, in certai…
View article: Automated 3D Landmarking of the Skull: A Novel Approach for Craniofacial Analysis
Automated 3D Landmarking of the Skull: A Novel Approach for Craniofacial Analysis Open
Automatic dense 3D surface registration is a powerful technique for comprehensive 3D shape analysis that has found a successful application in human craniofacial morphology research, particularly within the mandibular and cranial vault reg…
View article: Novel multi-omics deconfounding variational autoencoders can obtain meaningful disease subtyping
Novel multi-omics deconfounding variational autoencoders can obtain meaningful disease subtyping Open
Unsupervised learning, particularly clustering, plays a pivotal role in disease subtyp- ing and patient stratification, especially with the abundance of large-scale multi-omics data. Deep learning models, such as variational autoencoders (…