Mahesh Shanmugam
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View article: Management of Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and diabetic retinopathy: Practice patterns amongst vitreoretinal surgeons of India—A VRSI survey
Management of Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and diabetic retinopathy: Practice patterns amongst vitreoretinal surgeons of India—A VRSI survey Open
Purpose: To present results from the Vitreo Retina Society–India (VRSI) 2024 Preference and Trends Survey, focusing on polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) management practices among Indian vitreoretinal su…
View article: Corrigendum to “International consensuses and guidelines on etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future developments of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society (APOIS) and the Academy of the Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO)” [Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol, Available online 29 August 2025, 100242 (2025) DOI:10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100242]
Corrigendum to “International consensuses and guidelines on etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future developments of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society (APOIS) and the Academy of the Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO)” [Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol, Available online 29 August 2025, 100242 (2025) DOI:10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100242] Open
View article: International consensuses and guidelines on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO) and the Academia Retina Internationalis (ARI)
International consensuses and guidelines on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO) and the Academia Retina Internationalis (ARI) Open
This Delphi study provides structured guidance on RRD management while identifying areas of ongoing debate. Consistently, individualized surgical strategy, meticulous vitreous management, and careful postoperative care remain central to op…
View article: International consensuses and guidelines on etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future developments of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society (APOIS) and the Academy of the Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO)
International consensuses and guidelines on etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future developments of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society (APOIS) and the Academy of the Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO) Open
Neovascular age-related degeneration (nAMD) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in older populations in the developed world. With the aging population, the incidence of nAMD is growing globally. Despite advancements in diagno…
View article: Survival outcomes and prognosis predictors of uveal melanoma from Indian population
Survival outcomes and prognosis predictors of uveal melanoma from Indian population Open
Purpose: Choroidal melanoma is an uncommon malignancy in the Asian Indian population, with limited survival data available for this demographic. This study aims to evaluate the survival outcomes and prognostic factors in a cohort of Asian …
View article: Controversies, consensuses, and guidelines on macular hole surgery by the Asia–Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS) and the Asia–Pacific Academy of Professors in Ophthalmology (AAPPO)
Controversies, consensuses, and guidelines on macular hole surgery by the Asia–Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS) and the Asia–Pacific Academy of Professors in Ophthalmology (AAPPO) Open
Macular hole surgery, primarily pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILM) and gas tamponade, has become the standard of care for full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Despite the 85% to 95% anatomical closure rate, …
View article: Authors’ response: “Brolucizumab-associated intraocular inflammation in Indian patients by VRSI study group”
Authors’ response: “Brolucizumab-associated intraocular inflammation in Indian patients by VRSI study group” Open
View article: Surgeon’s perceptions and preferences in the management of idiopathic macular hole
Surgeon’s perceptions and preferences in the management of idiopathic macular hole Open
Purpose: The management of idiopathic macular holes (iMH) has evolved over time with various modifications in surgical approach. The study aimed to survey the surgeons’ preferences in the management of iMH in current times. Design: Cross-s…
View article: Brolucizumab-associated intraocular inflammation in Indian patients by VRSI study group
Brolucizumab-associated intraocular inflammation in Indian patients by VRSI study group Open
Context: Concerns about brolucizumab’s (Pagenax ® ) association with intraocular inflammation (IOI) limit its use despite its cost-effectiveness and efficacy. This multicentric study analyzes IOI incidence across 21 tertiary eyecare center…
View article: Role of optical coherence tomography angiography in retinal tumors: A narrative review
Role of optical coherence tomography angiography in retinal tumors: A narrative review Open
Intraocular tumors constitute a small subset of cases in ophthalmologic practice. Proper diagnosis of intraocular tumors is crucial because some pose threat to vision and life, while others may indicate underlying systemic disorders. Intra…
View article: Why scleral buckling is still relevant
Why scleral buckling is still relevant Open
Scleral buckling surgery has been around for over 60 years and is more of an art than a technique.[1] It fosters excellent indirect ophthalmoscopic skills and improves hand eye coordination as in localization and cryotherapy, the art of se…
View article: Choroidal ganglioneuroma- An exceptionally rare choroidal tumor in a child
Choroidal ganglioneuroma- An exceptionally rare choroidal tumor in a child Open
A 3-year-old male child presented with decreased vision in the right eye. There was an elevated, white mass lesion with heterogeneous lucent areas and focal pigmentation arising from the choroid with irregular margins and subretinal fluid …
View article: A rare case of choroidal melanoma in pregnant Indian female
A rare case of choroidal melanoma in pregnant Indian female Open
Choroidal melanoma is a rare ocular malignancy in the Asian population but despite its rarity, it is the most common intraocular malignancy. In the Western population, it has been reported in younger men and females of childbearing age, pa…
View article: Eclipse in starry sky!
Eclipse in starry sky! Open
A 42-year-old female was referred for evaluation of bilateral posterior scleritis and was treated with intravenous (IV) and oral steroids for 3 weeks. On examination, her visual acuity was 6/36 in both eyes, with fine keratic precipitates …
View article: Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Management of Persistent Secondary Macular Hole with Epiretinal Proliferation
Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Management of Persistent Secondary Macular Hole with Epiretinal Proliferation Open
Background: Aetiology for non-closure of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) becomes crucial in determining the method of effective mode of intervention. Association of epiretinal proliferation (ERP) along with full-thickness macular hole (…
View article: All that flecks is not Stargardt's
All that flecks is not Stargardt's Open
A 45-year-old male with nonconsanguineous history came for routine evaluation. His visual acuity was 6/6 in both eyes with normal color vision and contrast sensitivity. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was normal bilaterally, except for a temporal …
View article: Worm or vein!!
Worm or vein!! Open
A 16-year-old girl referred for evaluation of suspicious intraocular parasite in right eye, when she went for a routine clinical evaluation. On examination, visual acuity in both eyes was 6/6. Slit lamp examination of right eye showed quit…
View article: Creatively tiding over the crisis
Creatively tiding over the crisis Open
Background: A patient with a retained intraocular metallic foreign body post-trauma was taken up for vitrectomy and intraocular foreign body removal. Unfortunately, the intraocular magnet was not available at the moment on the table! How a…
View article: Incidence of post vitrectomy endophthalmitis in India – A multicentric study by VRSI study Group
Incidence of post vitrectomy endophthalmitis in India – A multicentric study by VRSI study Group Open
View article: Et tu, needle?
Et tu, needle? Open
Intravitreal injection has become an indispensable tool for delivering drugs at therapeutic levels to the posterior segment with least systemic side effects.[1] Iatrogenic crystalline lens injury is a rare complication mainly caused by the…
View article: Long-term real-world outcomes in retinal vein occlusions: How close are we to the trials?
Long-term real-world outcomes in retinal vein occlusions: How close are we to the trials? Open
Purpose: To assess and analyze the visual outcomes of patients with retinal vein occlusions in a real-world setting with a long-term follow-up of more than 5 years. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 56 patients having retinal vein occlusi…
View article: Retinal Artery Macroaneurysm − An Uncommon Manifestation of Radiation Retinopathy
Retinal Artery Macroaneurysm − An Uncommon Manifestation of Radiation Retinopathy Open
To describe two cases of radiation retinopathy (RR) presenting with clinical and imaging characteristics of retinal artery macroaneurysm (RAM). The first case had radiotherapy to the right side of the brain 17 years prior to ocular manifes…
View article: Fundus fluorescein angiography in a macular retinocytoma
Fundus fluorescein angiography in a macular retinocytoma Open
A 15-year-old girl was brought with complaints of outward deviation of the left eye for the past six months. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 and 20/600 in right and left eyes, respectively. There was no significant family…
View article: Fundus autofluorescence in retinocytoma
Fundus autofluorescence in retinocytoma Open
Retinocytoma is a rare benign retinal tumor, considered to be a spontaneously arrested variant of retinoblastoma.[12] Retinocytoma has characteristic clinical features suggestive of tumor regression.[23] We report a case of a 15-year-old g…
View article: Acceptability of artificial intelligence-based retina screening in general population
Acceptability of artificial intelligence-based retina screening in general population Open
Purpose: A deep learning system (DLS) using artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a very promising technology in the future of healthcare diagnostics. While the concept of telehealth is emerging in every field of medicine, AI assista…
View article: Vitrectomy in Diabetic Retinopathy
Vitrectomy in Diabetic Retinopathy Open
Diabetic vitrectomy is a complicated vitreoretinal surgery due to the complex interaction of various factors. Indications of vitrectomy in diabetes patients would comprise of non-resolving vitreous haemorrhage, taut posterior hyaloid causi…
View article: Post-Brachytherapy Pigment Dispersion in Uveal Melanoma
Post-Brachytherapy Pigment Dispersion in Uveal Melanoma Open
Dear Editor,We read with great interest the article titled "Post-Brachytherapy Pigment Dispersion in Uveal Melanoma" in a recent edition [1]. The article throws light on an unusual but known complication of brachytherapy in the form of del…
View article: Dexamethasone implant improves anatomic response to anti-VEGF therapy in treatment-resistant Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Dexamethasone implant improves anatomic response to anti-VEGF therapy in treatment-resistant Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Open
Background: A significant proportion of eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) can be resistant to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. We evaluated the efficacy of combination of Dexamethasone intravitreal…
View article: Slow-Release Technique of Dexamethasone Implant
Slow-Release Technique of Dexamethasone Implant Open
Dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex ® ) is a sustained-release Intravitreal implant which contains dexamethasone 0.7 mg in a drug delivery system called 'NOVADUR'.Certain cases may require dexamethasone implant injection along with vitrectomy, …
View article: Dexamethasone Implant Improves Anatomic Response to Anti-VEGF Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Dexamethasone Implant Improves Anatomic Response to Anti-VEGF Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Open
Background : A significant proportion of eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) can be resistant to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. We evaluated the efficacy of combination of Dexamethasone intravitrea…