Explanipedia

Planet-induced Modulation of Stellar Activity in an M-Dwarf: Insights into the Magnetism of a Benchmark Warm Neptune Open

Daniel Revilla, P. J. Amado, R. Luque, P. Schöfer, A. F. Lanza , et al. · 2025

Interactions between stellar and planetary magnetic fields are expected to produce observable radio and optical signals modulated by their orbital periods, but direct detections remain elusive. Here, we analyze 17 years of spectroscopic da…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Cluster analysis of signals from spectral activity indicators to search for shared periods Open

J. Kemmer, M. Lafarga, B. Fuhrmeister, Y. Shan, P. Schöfer , et al. · 2025

A multitude of spectral activity indicators are routinely computed nowadays from the spectra generated as part of planet-hunting radial velocity surveys. Searching for shared periods among them can help to robustly identify astrophysical q…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

J. Kemmer, M. Lafarga, B. Fuhrmeister, Y. Shan, P. Schöfer , et al. · 2025

Context. A multitude of spectral activity indicators are routinely computed nowadays from the spectra generated as part of planet-hunting radial velocity surveys. Searching for shared periods among them can help to robustly identify astrop…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

S. V. Jeffers, J. R. Barnes, P. Schöfer, S. Reffert, V. J. S. Béjar , et al. · 2025

Context. Current exoplanet surveys are focused on detecting small exoplanets orbiting in the liquid-water habitable zones of their host stars. Despite recent significant advancements in instrumentation, the main limitation in detecting the…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

H. L. Ruh, M. Zechmeister, A. Reiners, E. Nagel, Y. Shan , et al. · 2024

Context. Radial velocity (RV) jitter represents an intrinsic limitation on the precision of Doppler searches for exoplanets that can originate from both instrumental and astrophysical sources. Aims. We aim to determine the RV jitter floor …

CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs VIII. Kinematics in the solar neighbourhood Open

M. Cortés‐Contreras, J. A. Caballero, D. Montes, C. Cardona-Guillén, V. J. S. Béjar , et al. · 2024

Aims. Our goals are to characterise the kinematic properties and to identify young and old stars among the M dwarfs of the CARMENES input catalogue. Methods. We compiled the spectral types, proper motions, distances, and radial velocities …

CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs Open

M. Cortés‐Contreras, Ainoa Caballero, D. Montes, C. Cardona-Guillén, S. V. J. Bejar , et al. · 2024

Aims . Our goals are to characterise the kinematic properties and to identify young and old stars among the M dwarfs of the CARMENES input catalogue. Methods . We compiled the spectral types, proper motions, distances, and radial velocitie…

TOI-4438 b: a transiting mini-Neptune amenable to atmospheric characterization Open

Elisa Goffo, P. Chaturvedi, F. Murgas, Giuseppe Morello, J. Orell-Miquel , et al. · 2024

We report the confirmation and mass determination of a mini-Neptune transiting the M3.5 V star TOI-4438 (G 182-34) every 7.44 days. A transit signal was detected with NASA’s TESS space mission in the sectors 40, 52, and 53. In order to val…

CARMENES input catalog of M dwarfs Open

Y. Shan, Daniel Revilla, S. L. Skrzypinski, S. Dreizler, V. J. S. Béjar , et al. · 2024

Aims. Knowledge of rotation periods ( P rot ) is important for understanding the magnetic activity and angular momentum evolution of late-type stars, as well as for evaluating radial velocity signals of potential exoplanets and identifying…

Wolf 327b: A new member of the pack of ultra-short-period super-Earths around M dwarfs Open

F. Murgas, Ε. Πάλλη, J. Orell-Miquel, I. Carleo, L. Peña-Moñino , et al. · 2024

Planets with orbital periods shorter than 1 day are rare and have formation histories that are not completely understood. Small ( R p < 2 R ⊕ ) ultra-short-period (USP) planets are highly irradiated, probably have rocky compositions with h…

Wolf 327b: A new member of the pack of ultra-short-period super-Earths around M dwarfs Open

F. Murgas, Ε. Πάλλη, J. Orell-Miquel, I. Carleo, L. Peña-Moñino , et al. · 2024

Planets with orbital periods shorter than 1 day are rare and have formation histories that are not completely understood. Small ($R_\mathrm{p} < 2\; R_\oplus$) ultra-short-period (USP) planets are highly irradiated, probably have rocky com…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, P. C. Schneider, J. A. Caballero , et al. · 2023

The hydrogen Paschen lines are known activity indicators, but studies of them in M dwarfs during quiescence are as rare as their reports in flare studies. This situation is mostly caused by a lack of observations, owing to their location i…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Behaviour of the Paschen lines during flares and quiescence Open

B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, P. C. Schneider, J. A. Caballero , et al. · 2023

The hydrogen Paschen lines are known activity indicators, but studies of them in M~dwarfs during quiescence are as rare as their reports in flare studies. This situation is mostly caused by a lack of observations, owing to their location i…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020) Open

I. Ribas, A. Reiners, M. Zechmeister, J. A. Caballero, J. C. Morales , et al. · 2023

The CARMENES instrument was conceived to deliver high-accuracy radial velocity (RV) measurements with long-term stability to search for temperate rocky planets around a sample of nearby cool stars. The broad wavelength coverage was designe…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

M. Lafarga, I. Ribas, M. Zechmeister, A. Reiners, Á. López-Gallifa , et al. · 2023

Context. Radial velocities (RVs) measured from high-resolution stellar spectra are routinely used to detect and characterise orbiting exoplanet companions. The different lines present in stellar spectra are created by several species, whic…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Line-by-line sensitivity to activity in M dwarfs Open

M. Lafarga, I. Ribas, M. Zechmeister, A. Reiners, Álvaro López-Gallifa , et al. · 2023

Radial velocities (RVs) measured from high-resolution stellar spectra are routinely used to detect and characterise orbiting exoplanet companions. The different lines present in stellar spectra are created by several species, which are non…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

D. Kossakowski, M. Kürster, Trifon Trifonov, Th. Henning, J. Kemmer , et al. · 2023

We present the discovery of an Earth-mass planet ( M b sin i = 1.26 ± 0.21 M ⊕ ) on a 15.6 d orbit of a relatively nearby ( d ~ 9.6 pc) and low-mass (0.167 ± 0.011 M ⊙ ) M5.0 V star, Wolf 1069. Sitting at a separation of 0.0672 ± 0.0014 au…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

I. Ribas, A. Reiners, M. Zechmeister, J. A. Caballero, J. C. Morales , et al. · 2022

Context. The CARMENES instrument, installed at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory in Almería, Spain, was conceived to deliver high-accuracy radial velocity (RV) measurements with long-term stability to search for temperate r…

Precise mass and radius of a transiting super-Earth planet orbiting the M dwarf TOI-1235: a planet in the radius gap? Open

P. Bluhm, R. Luque, Néstor Espinoza, Ε. Πάλλη, J. A. Caballero , et al. · 2022

© ESO 2020. We report the confirmation of a transiting planet around the bright weakly active M0.5 V star TOI-1235 (TYC 4384-1735-1, V ≈ 11.5 mag), whose transit signal was detected in the photometric time series of sectors 14, 20, and 21 …

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

D. Kossakowski, M. Kürster, Th. Henning, Trifon Trifonov, J. A. Caballero , et al. · 2022

Context. A challenge with radial-velocity (RV) data is disentangling the origin of signals either due to a planetary companion or to stellar activity. In fact, the existence of a planetary companion has been proposed, as well as contested,…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

P. Schöfer, S. V. Jeffers, A. Reiners, M. Zechmeister, B. Fuhrmeister , et al. · 2022

Context. The Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Échelle Spectrographs (CARMENES) instrument is searching for periodic radial-velocity (RV) variations of M dwarfs, which are induced…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

S. V. Jeffers, J. R. Barnes, P. Schöfer, A. Quirrenbach, M. Zechmeister , et al. · 2022

Context. Current exoplanet surveys using the radial velocity (RV) technique are targeting M dwarfs because any habitable zone terrestrial-mass planets will induce a high RV and orbit on shorter periods than for more massive stars. One of t…

Discovery and mass measurement of the hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet, GJ 3929 b Open

J. Kemmer, S. Dreizler, D. Kossakowski, S. Stock, A. Quirrenbach , et al. · 2022

We report the discovery of GJ 3929 b, a hot Earth-sized planet orbiting the nearby M3.5 V dwarf star, GJ 3929 (G 180-18, TOI-2013). Joint modelling of photometric observations from TESS sectors 24 and 25 together with 73 spectroscopic obse…

TOI-1201 b: A mini-Neptune transiting a bright and moderately young M\n dwarf Open

D. Kossakowski, J. Kemmer, P. Bluhm, S. Stock, J. A. Caballero , et al. · 2021

We present the discovery of a transiting mini-Neptune around TOI-1201, a\nrelatively bright and moderately young early M dwarf ($J \\approx$ 9.5 mag,\n$\\sim$600-800 Myr) in an equal-mass $\\sim$8 arcsecond-wide binary system, using\ndata …

A young spectroscopic binary in a quintuple system part of the Local Association Open

C. Cardona Guillén, N. Lodieu, V. J. S. Béjar, D. Baroch, D. Montes , et al. · 2021

Double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2) allow us to determine a lower limit of the masses of their components directly to test stellar models. In this work, our aim is to derive the orbital and physical parameters of GJ1284, a young SB2.…

A young spectroscopic binary in a quintuple system part of the Local Association Open

C. Cardona Guillén, N. Lodieu, V. J. S. Béjar, D. Baroch, D. Montes , et al. · 2021

Context. Double-lined spectroscopic (SB2) binaries allow us to obtain a direct determination of the masses of their components, which is essential to test stellar models. Although these objects only provide a lower limit for the mass, they…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

D. Baroch, J. C. Morales, I. Ribas, V. J. S. Béjar, S. Reffert , et al. · 2021

Context. M dwarfs are ideal targets for the search of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone using the radial velocity method, and are attracting the attention of many ongoing surveys. One of the expected results of these surveys is that…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Spectroscopic orbits of nine M-dwarf multiple systems, including two triples, two brown dwarf candidates, and one close M-dwarf-white dwarf binary Open

D. Baroch, J. C. Morales, I. Ribas, V. J. S. Béjar, S. Reffert , et al. · 2021

M dwarfs are ideal targets for the search of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone using the radial velocity method, attracting the attention of many ongoing surveys. As a by-product of these surveys, new multiple stellar systems are al…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Open

M. Lafarga, I. Ribas, A. Reiners, A. Quirrenbach, P. J. Amado , et al. · 2021

Context. Stellar activity poses one of the main obstacles for the detection and characterisation of small exoplanets around cool stars, as it can induce radial velocity (RV) signals that can hide or mimic the presence of planetary companio…

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Mapping stellar activity indicators across the M dwarf domain Open

M. Lafarga, I. Ribas, A. Reiners, A. Quirrenbach, P. J. Amado , et al. · 2021

Stellar activity poses one of the main obstacles for the detection and characterisation of small exoplanets around cool stars, as it can induce radial velocity (RV) signals that can hide or mimic the presence of planetary companions. Sever…

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