Patrick Alken
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View article: The US/UK World Magnetic Model for 2025-2030: Technical Report
The US/UK World Magnetic Model for 2025-2030: Technical Report Open
This report provides a comprehensive description of the World Magnetic Model (WMM) 2025 and its higher-resolution version, the World Magnetic Model – High Resolution (WMMHR) 2025.
View article: Missions and efforts using magnetic field observations to advance our knowledge of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (MIT) system
Missions and efforts using magnetic field observations to advance our knowledge of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (MIT) system Open
Magnetic field observations have a long history of advancing our understanding of ionospheric current flow, even before we launched space missions. Earlier magnetic field missions were single satellites that provided new insights into iono…
View article: A climatological model of the equatorial electrojet based on Swarm satellite magnetic intensity observations
A climatological model of the equatorial electrojet based on Swarm satellite magnetic intensity observations Open
The Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) is a spatially localized electric current in the ionospheric dynamo region, flowing along the magnetic dip equator at an altitude of about 110 km, mainly on the dayside. Previous empirical models of the EEJ …
View article: Modeling Toroidal Currents in the Ionospheric Electrojet Regions
Modeling Toroidal Currents in the Ionospheric Electrojet Regions Open
New basis functions, suitable for fitting magnetic field observations of the auroral and equatorial electrojets, are constructed by applying principal components analysis (PCA) to a set of rotated current loops in the ionospheric E‐layer. …
View article: Day-to-day and longitudinal variability of the equatorial electrojet as viewed from the Sun-synchronous CSES satellite
Day-to-day and longitudinal variability of the equatorial electrojet as viewed from the Sun-synchronous CSES satellite Open
The intensity of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) derived from the magnetic field measurements by the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) is analyzed for the low solar activity period of July 2018–April 2022. The CSES spacecraft f…
View article: Effect of Vertical Shear in the Zonal Wind on Equatorial Electrojet Sidebands: An Observational Perspective Using Swarm and ICON Data
Effect of Vertical Shear in the Zonal Wind on Equatorial Electrojet Sidebands: An Observational Perspective Using Swarm and ICON Data Open
The wind dynamo in the ionosphere leads to differential motion of ions and electrons, which in turn sets up electric fields and currents. Observations show that daytime lower thermospheric horizontal winds have large vertical gradients. Nu…
View article: A new approach to modeling the time-space variations of ionospheric electric currents and magnetic fields during the September 2017 geomagnetic storm
A new approach to modeling the time-space variations of ionospheric electric currents and magnetic fields during the September 2017 geomagnetic storm Open
The study and modeling of Earth’s ionospheric electric currents and of the associated magnetic fields is fundamental for geomagnetic field modeling, and for the study of ionosphere coupling with the neutral atmosphere and the magneto…
View article: A Model of Hourly Variations of the Near‐Earth Magnetic Field Generated in the Inner Magnetosphere and Its Induced Counterpart
A Model of Hourly Variations of the Near‐Earth Magnetic Field Generated in the Inner Magnetosphere and Its Induced Counterpart Open
We present a new model of the near‐Earth magnetospheric field produced by electric currents in the inner magnetosphere and the associated induced magnetic field. The model is designed to track hourly variations of these fields and accounts…
View article: Modeling the Climatology of Low‐ and Mid‐Latitude F‐Region Ionospheric Currents Using the Swarm Constellation
Modeling the Climatology of Low‐ and Mid‐Latitude F‐Region Ionospheric Currents Using the Swarm Constellation Open
We present a new empirical model of quiet‐time F‐region ionospheric currents and associated magnetic fields. This model is designed to accurately represent these currents and fields at low and mid latitudes. For each individual Swarm satel…
View article: Magnetic Maps and Models for Alternative Navigation
Magnetic Maps and Models for Alternative Navigation Open
Magnetic navigation requires the comparison of onboard magnetic sensor measurements to reference magnetic maps and models. Magnetic maps and models are available at a wide range of scales and scope. At any given location, measurements of t…
View article: Modelling the climatology of low- and mid-latitude F-region ionospheric currents using the Swarm constellation
Modelling the climatology of low- and mid-latitude F-region ionospheric currents using the Swarm constellation Open
We present a new empirical model of quiet-time F-region ionospheric currents and associated magnetic fields. This model is designed to accurately represent these currents and fields at low and mid latitudes. It is built by taking advantage…
View article: Effect of Vertical Shear in the Zonal Wind on Equatorial Electrojet Sidebands: An Observational Perspective Using Swarm and ICON Data
Effect of Vertical Shear in the Zonal Wind on Equatorial Electrojet Sidebands: An Observational Perspective Using Swarm and ICON Data Open
This data set consists of outputs from the EEJ model by Richmond (1973). The data provided is used in the manuscript titled 'Effect of Vertical Shear in the Zonal Wind on Equatorial Electrojet Sidebands: An Observational Perspective Using …
View article: Effect of Vertical Shear in the Zonal Wind on Equatorial Electrojet Sidebands: An Observational Perspective Using Swarm and ICON Data
Effect of Vertical Shear in the Zonal Wind on Equatorial Electrojet Sidebands: An Observational Perspective Using Swarm and ICON Data Open
This data set consists of outputs from the EEJ model by Richmond (1973). The data provided is used in the manuscript titled 'Effect of Vertical Shear in the Zonal Wind on Equatorial Electrojet Sidebands: An Observational Perspective Using …
View article: Using Principal Component Analysis of Satellite and Ground Magnetic Data to Model the Equatorial Electrojet and Derive Its Tidal Composition
Using Principal Component Analysis of Satellite and Ground Magnetic Data to Model the Equatorial Electrojet and Derive Its Tidal Composition Open
The intensity of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) shows temporal and spatial variability that is not yet fully understood nor accurately modeled. Atmospheric solar tides are among the main drivers of this variability but determining differe…
View article: Impacts of the January 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption on the Ionospheric Dynamo: ICON‐MIGHTI and Swarm Observations of Extreme Neutral Winds and Currents
Impacts of the January 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption on the Ionospheric Dynamo: ICON‐MIGHTI and Swarm Observations of Extreme Neutral Winds and Currents Open
The eruption of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcano on 15 January 2022 triggered atmospheric waves at all altitudes. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) and European Space Agency Swarm…
View article: Impacts of the January 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption on the ionospheric dynamo: ICON-MIGHTI and Swarm observations of extreme neutral winds and currents
Impacts of the January 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption on the ionospheric dynamo: ICON-MIGHTI and Swarm observations of extreme neutral winds and currents Open
Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Geophysical Research Letters. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn mo…
View article: Impacts of the January 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption on the ionospheric dynamo: ICON-MIGHTI and Swarm observations of extreme neutral winds and currents
Impacts of the January 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption on the ionospheric dynamo: ICON-MIGHTI and Swarm observations of extreme neutral winds and currents Open
The eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano on 15 January 2022 triggered atmospheric waves at all altitudes. The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) and ESA Swarm satellites were well placed to observe its impact on the i…
View article: Impacts of the January 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption on the ionospheric dynamo: ICON-MIGHTI and Swarm observations of extreme neutral winds and currents
Impacts of the January 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption on the ionospheric dynamo: ICON-MIGHTI and Swarm observations of extreme neutral winds and currents Open
Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at Geophysical Research Letters. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn mo…
View article: Investigation of geomagnetic reference models based on the Iridium$$^{\circledR }$$ constellation
Investigation of geomagnetic reference models based on the Iridium$$^{\circledR }$$ constellation Open
The World Magnetic Model (WMM) is a geomagnetic main field model that is widely used for navigation by governments, industry and the general public. In recent years, the model has been derived using high accuracy magnetometer data from the…
View article: Multispacecraft Current Density Estimates in the Low‐ and Mid‐Latitude F‐Region Ionosphere Using the Swarm Constellation
Multispacecraft Current Density Estimates in the Low‐ and Mid‐Latitude F‐Region Ionosphere Using the Swarm Constellation Open
We present a new application of a multispacecraft method which provides estimates of the full electric current density vector in the ionospheric low‐ and mid‐latitude F region. The method uses the three satellites of the Swarm constellatio…
View article: Short‐Term Variability of Equatorial Electrojet Modulation by Solar Tidal and Planetary Waves, as Derived From the Swarm Constellation
Short‐Term Variability of Equatorial Electrojet Modulation by Solar Tidal and Planetary Waves, as Derived From the Swarm Constellation Open
ESA’s constellation mission Swarm with its three identical spacecraft allows the separation of spatial and temporal variations of wave phenomena. Here we investigate the modulation of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) amplitude by solar tide…
View article: NanoMagSat, a 16U nanosatellite constellation high-precision magnetic project to initiate permanent low-cost monitoring of the Earth’s magnetic field and ionospheric environment
NanoMagSat, a 16U nanosatellite constellation high-precision magnetic project to initiate permanent low-cost monitoring of the Earth’s magnetic field and ionospheric environment Open
<p>The geomagnetic field has been continuously monitored from low-Earth orbit (LEO) since 1999, complementing ground-based observatory data by providing calibrated scalar and vector measurements with global coverage. The successful t…
View article: Modeling Earth’s Ever-Shifting Magnetism
Modeling Earth’s Ever-Shifting Magnetism Open
The World Magnetic Model, updated every 5 years through an international collaboration, supports numerous technologies that help us find our way.
View article: Modelling diurnal variation magnetic fields due to ionospheric currents
Modelling diurnal variation magnetic fields due to ionospheric currents Open
SUMMARY Accurate models of the spatial structure of ionospheric magnetic fields in the diurnal variation (DV) band (periods of a few hours to a day) would enable use of magneto-variational methods for 3-D imaging of upper mantle and transi…