Patrick J. Codd
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View article: Intraoperative blink reflex monitoring during skull base surgery: a single-institution method
Intraoperative blink reflex monitoring during skull base surgery: a single-institution method Open
OBJECTIVE Cranial nerve (CN) preservation remains a challenge for skull base neurosurgeons, and neurophysiological intraoperative monitoring presents many methods for CN identification and mapping. The blink reflex, which is the electrophy…
View article: Tendon-Actuated Concentric Tube Endonasal Robot (TACTER)
Tendon-Actuated Concentric Tube Endonasal Robot (TACTER) Open
Endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) have become more prevalent for minimally invasive skull base and sinus surgeries. However, rigid scopes and tools significantly decrease the surgeon’s ability to operate in tight anatomical spaces and …
View article: SurgXBench: Explainable Vision-Language Model Benchmark for Surgery
SurgXBench: Explainable Vision-Language Model Benchmark for Surgery Open
Innovations in digital intelligence are transforming robotic surgery with more informed decision-making. Real-time awareness of surgical instrument presence and actions (e.g., cutting tissue) is essential for such systems. Yet, despite dec…
View article: Venous sinus stenting for patients with encephaloceles: illustrative cases
Venous sinus stenting for patients with encephaloceles: illustrative cases Open
BACKGROUND Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and venous sinus stenosis have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of encephaloceles. OBSERVATIONS Here, the authors present 2 cases in which venous sinus stenting was crucial …
View article: Keyhole Mini-Craniotomy Middle Fossa Approach for Tegmen Repair: A Case Series and Technical Instruction
Keyhole Mini-Craniotomy Middle Fossa Approach for Tegmen Repair: A Case Series and Technical Instruction Open
Background and Importance Tegmen defects associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a rare pathology that can result in severe complications if left untreated. There is no universal optimal surgical algorithm for repair, although …
View article: Machine learning approaches in non-contact autofluorescence spectrum classification
Machine learning approaches in non-contact autofluorescence spectrum classification Open
Manual surgical resection of soft tissue sarcoma tissue can involve many challenges, including the critical need for precise determination of tumor boundary with normal tissue and limitations of current surgical instrumentation, in additio…
View article: Sampling-Based Model Predictive Control for Volumetric Ablation in Robotic Laser Surgery
Sampling-Based Model Predictive Control for Volumetric Ablation in Robotic Laser Surgery Open
Laser-based surgical ablation relies heavily on surgeon involvement, restricting precision to the limits of human error. The interaction between laser and tissue is governed by various laser parameters that control the laser irradiance on …
View article: Towards the Development of a Tendon-Actuated Galvanometer for Endoscopic Surgical Laser Scanning
Towards the Development of a Tendon-Actuated Galvanometer for Endoscopic Surgical Laser Scanning Open
There is a need for precision pathological sensing, imaging, and tissue manipulation in neurosurgical procedures, such as brain tumor resection. Precise tumor margin identification and resection can prevent further growth and protect criti…
View article: An FBG-based Stiffness Estimation Sensor for In-vivo Diagnostics
An FBG-based Stiffness Estimation Sensor for In-vivo Diagnostics Open
In-vivo tissue stiffness identification can be useful in pulmonary fibrosis diagnostics and minimally invasive tumor identification, among many other applications. In this work, we propose a palpation-based method for tissue stiffness esti…
View article: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Transfer Learning Toward Accurate Reconstruction of the Surgical Zone
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Transfer Learning Toward Accurate Reconstruction of the Surgical Zone Open
Raman spectroscopy, a photonic modality based on the inelastic backscattering of coherent light, is a valuable asset to the intraoperative sensing space, offering non-ionizing potential and highly-specific molecular fingerprint-like spectr…
View article: Preoperative validation of edema-corrected tractography in neurosurgical practice: translating surgeon insights into novel software implementation
Preoperative validation of edema-corrected tractography in neurosurgical practice: translating surgeon insights into novel software implementation Open
Background Peritumoral edema alters diffusion anisotropy, resulting in false negatives in tractography reconstructions negatively impacting surgical decision-making. With supratotal resections tied to survival benefit in glioma patients, a…
View article: Computer Vision for Increased Operative Efficiency via Identification of Instruments in the Neurosurgical Operating Room: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Computer Vision for Increased Operative Efficiency via Identification of Instruments in the Neurosurgical Operating Room: A Proof-of-Concept Study Open
Objectives Computer vision (CV) is a field of artificial intelligence that enables machines to interpret and understand images and videos. CV has the potential to be of assistance in the operating room (OR) to track surgical instruments. W…
View article: Incident Angle Study for Designing an Endoscopic Tool for Intraoperative Brain Tumor Detection
Incident Angle Study for Designing an Endoscopic Tool for Intraoperative Brain Tumor Detection Open
In neurosurgical procedures maximizing the resection of tumor tissue while avoiding healthy tissue is of paramount importance and a difficult task due to many factors, such as surrounding eloquent brain. Swiftly identifying tumor tissue fo…
View article: Safety and Feasibility of Steroid-Eluting Stent as a Bolster in Endoscopic Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction
Safety and Feasibility of Steroid-Eluting Stent as a Bolster in Endoscopic Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction Open
Background: With a rising incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, endoscopic endonasal CSF leak repair is increasingly performed. Current approaches utilize a variety of materials including free mucosal grafts and vascularized flaps,…
View article: Incident Angle Study for Designing an Endoscopic Tool for Intraoperative Brain Tumor Detection
Incident Angle Study for Designing an Endoscopic Tool for Intraoperative Brain Tumor Detection Open
Surgery is one of the most prevalent methods of control- ling and eradicating tumor growth in the human body, with a projection of 45 million surgical procedures per year by 2030 [1]. In brain tumor resection surgeries, pre- operative imag…
View article: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Transfer Learning Toward Accurate Reconstruction of the Surgical Zone
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Transfer Learning Toward Accurate Reconstruction of the Surgical Zone Open
Raman spectroscopy is a photonic modality defined as the inelastic backscattering of excitation coherent laser light. It is particularly beneficial for rapid tissue diagnosis in sensitive intraoperative environments like those involving th…
View article: 3D Laser-and-tissue Agnostic Data-driven Method for Robotic Laser Surgical Planning
3D Laser-and-tissue Agnostic Data-driven Method for Robotic Laser Surgical Planning Open
In robotic laser surgery, shape prediction of an one-shot ablation cavity is an important problem for minimizing errant overcutting of healthy tissue during the course of pathological tissue resection and precise tumor removal. Since it is…
View article: N-mirror Robot System for Laser Surgery: A Simulation Study
N-mirror Robot System for Laser Surgery: A Simulation Study Open
Automated laser surgery with sensor fusion is an important problem in medical robotics since it requires precise control of mirrors used to steer the laser systems. The propagation of the laser beam should satisfy the geometric constraints…
View article: Brain-Mimicking Phantom for Photoablation and Visualization
Brain-Mimicking Phantom for Photoablation and Visualization Open
While the use of tissue-mimicking (TM) phantoms has been ubiquitous in surgical robotics, the translation of technology from laboratory experiments to equivalent intraoperative tissue conditions has been a challenge. The increasing use of …
View article: Supplementary Table S1 from Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment
Supplementary Table S1 from Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment Open
Supplementary Table S1 from Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment
View article: Supplementary Table S1 from Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment
Supplementary Table S1 from Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment Open
Supplementary Table S1 from Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment
View article: Data from Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment
Data from Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment Open
Purpose: Glioblastomas are treated by surgical resection followed by radiotherapy [X-ray therapy (XRT)] and the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide. Recently, inactivating mutations in the mismatch repair gene MSH6 were identifi…
View article: Data from Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment
Data from Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment Open
Purpose: Glioblastomas are treated by surgical resection followed by radiotherapy [X-ray therapy (XRT)] and the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide. Recently, inactivating mutations in the mismatch repair gene MSH6 were identifi…
View article: Use of Tympanostomy T-Tube for Endoscopic Endonasal Marsupialization of Small Rathke's Cleft Cysts: A Case Series
Use of Tympanostomy T-Tube for Endoscopic Endonasal Marsupialization of Small Rathke's Cleft Cysts: A Case Series Open
Objectives This article describes a novel technique implementing the use of a tympanostomy t-tube to provide long-term marsupialization of small Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs). Design A retrospective review of electronic medical records was p…
View article: Creation of noncontact device for use in brain metastasis margin identification in ex vivo mouse brain
Creation of noncontact device for use in brain metastasis margin identification in ex vivo mouse brain Open
Because contemporary intraoperative tumor detection modalities, such as intraoperative MRI, are not ubiquitously available and can disrupt surgical workflow, there is an imperative for an accessible diagnostic device that can meet the surg…
View article: Measuring intraoperative surgical instrument use with radio-frequency identification
Measuring intraoperative surgical instrument use with radio-frequency identification Open
Objective Surgical instrument oversupply drives cost, confusion, and workload in the operating room. With an estimated 78%–87% of instruments being unused, many health systems have recognized the need for supply refinement. By manually rec…
View article: Robotic Laser Orientation Planning with a 3D Data-driven Method
Robotic Laser Orientation Planning with a 3D Data-driven Method Open
This paper focuses on a research problem of robotic controlled laser orientation to minimize errant overcutting of healthy tissue during the course of pathological tissue resection. Laser scalpels have been widely used in surgery to remove…
View article: Validation of an Online Calculator to Predict Short-term Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Brain Tumors
Validation of an Online Calculator to Predict Short-term Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Brain Tumors Open
Introduction: Estimating the risk of extended length of stay (LOS) or non-routine discharge disposition is helpful in surgical decision-making for patients with brain metastases (BM). In 2020, an online calculator was introduced by Khalafa…
View article: CTIM-10. REPRODUCIBILITY OF CLINICAL TRIALS USING CMV-TARGETED DENDRITIC CELL VACCINES IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA
CTIM-10. REPRODUCIBILITY OF CLINICAL TRIALS USING CMV-TARGETED DENDRITIC CELL VACCINES IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA Open
INTRODUCTION Vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs) fares poorly in primary and recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). Moreover, GBM vaccine trials are often underpowered due to limited sample size. METHODS To address these limitations, we conducte…