Paul A. Kirschner
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View article: Prevalence of educational myths among Ecuadorian teachers
Prevalence of educational myths among Ecuadorian teachers Open
Despite widespread interest in neuroscience and its perceived relevance for teaching, a large proportion of Ecuadorian in-service teachers continue to endorse misconceptions. These findings reveal significant shortcomings in-service teache…
View article: <scp>ChatGPT</scp> in Education: An Effect in Search of a Cause
<span>ChatGPT</span> in Education: An Effect in Search of a Cause Open
Background As researchers rush to investigate the potential of AI tools like ChatGPT to enhance learning, well‐documented pitfalls threaten the validity of this emerging research. Issues of media comparison research, where the confounding …
View article: The Effects of Integrated STEM Education on K12 Students’ Achievements: A Meta-Analysis
The Effects of Integrated STEM Education on K12 Students’ Achievements: A Meta-Analysis Open
This meta-analysis synthesizes research findings on the effects of integrated STEM education implemented in K12 settings. The implementation fell into three categories: (1) adopting integrated STEM education, (2) using extra teaching and l…
View article: Initial Practice Performance Moderates the Distributed Practice Effect in Complex Procedural Knowledge
Initial Practice Performance Moderates the Distributed Practice Effect in Complex Procedural Knowledge Open
Successful adoption of proven effective practice strategies such as distributed practice may contribute to much‐needed improvement in mathematics performance. However, it is not yet fully understood if distributed practice is beneficial fo…
View article: How Knowledge Matters
How Knowledge Matters Open
We, in education, all have a common aim: We want students to be able to think deeply about what we teach them, go beyond their current experiences, and have a deep understanding of the world. We want to enable them to think critically, wor…
View article: Executive Summary
Executive Summary Open
Nearly all teachers and other stakeholders in education pursue a common aim: we want the students whom we teach and guide during their formative years to think deeply about what we teach them. We want them to be able to go beyond their cur…
View article: Knowledge and the Curriculum
Knowledge and the Curriculum Open
The curriculum is a complex concept central to educational debates. Over the years, the role of knowledge in the curriculum has, like a pendulum, shifted between two extremes, from highly visible to virtually invisible knowledge elements. …
View article: Introduction
Introduction Open
Nearly all teachers and other stakeholders in education pursue a common aim: We want the students whom we teach and guide during their formative years to think deeply about what we teach them. We want them to be able to go beyond their cur…
View article: Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks Open
Over the course of several decades, the position of knowledge within education has been marked by turbulence and notable fluctuations.
View article: Developing Curriculum for Deep Thinking
Developing Curriculum for Deep Thinking Open
This open access book discusses why the seemingly straightforward strategy of teaching children how to think deeply does not work and offers an alternative way forward for the curriculum to achieve these objectives. Over the years, the rol…
View article: After initial acquisition, problem-solving leads to better long-term performance than example study, even for complex tasks
After initial acquisition, problem-solving leads to better long-term performance than example study, even for complex tasks Open
Background: Successful implementation of effective acquisition strategies (e.g., example study, problem-solving) could help improve mathematics performance. However, it is not yet fully understood when each acquisition strategy should be u…
View article: Ensuring a sustainable and healthy primary school of the future: Finding answers through group concept mapping
Ensuring a sustainable and healthy primary school of the future: Finding answers through group concept mapping Open
Objectives: Overweight and obesity among school-aged children pose a threat to both their academic performance and public health. The Healthy Primary School of the Future (HPSF) initiative was established to address this issue. Our objecti…
View article: Correction to: There is an Evidence Crisis in Science Educational Policy
Correction to: There is an Evidence Crisis in Science Educational Policy Open
The article There is an Evidence Crisis in Science Educational Policy, written by Lin Zhang, Paul A. Kirschner, William W. Cobern, and John Sweller, was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 34,…
View article: Response to De Jong et al.’s (2023) paper “Let's talk evidence – The case for combining inquiry-based and direct instruction”
Response to De Jong et al.’s (2023) paper “Let's talk evidence – The case for combining inquiry-based and direct instruction” Open
De Jong et al. (2023) objected to the evidence presented by Zhang et al. (2022) to support their concerns about the unreserved acceptance and promotion of inquiry-based learning and problem solving in current policy documents related to th…
View article: Learning to use electronic outlining via observational learning: Effects on students' argumentative writing performance
Learning to use electronic outlining via observational learning: Effects on students' argumentative writing performance Open
Background Writing is an important and complex skill, which could be enhanced by teaching students effective writing strategies such as outlining. Electronic outlining ‐ integrated feature in Microsoft® Word – has been shown to enhance stu…
View article: Designing mathematics standards in agreement with science
Designing mathematics standards in agreement with science Open
To learn mathematics, historically students had no choice but to memorize fundamental facts and apply memorized algorithms. Since 1995 in the US, all states have adopted standards to govern K-12 mathematics instruction, and in most, standa…
View article: Krill oil supplementation's effect on school grades in typically developing adolescents
Krill oil supplementation's effect on school grades in typically developing adolescents Open
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important for brain development and functioning and with that, possibly school performance. Several cross-sectional studies have shown significant positive associations between fish consu…
View article: Text analytics for uncovering untapped ideas at the intersection of learning design and learning analytics: Critical interpretative synthesis
Text analytics for uncovering untapped ideas at the intersection of learning design and learning analytics: Critical interpretative synthesis Open
Background Learning analytics (LA) collects, analyses, and reports data from the learning environment, to provide evidence of the effects of a particular learning design. Learning design (LD) outlines the conceptual framework for a meaning…
View article: Toward a Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Assessment (CTMMA)
Toward a Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Assessment (CTMMA) Open
Much is known about assessment in all its forms and the corpus of theory, and knowledge is growing daily. In a similar vein, the use of multimedia for learning also has a sound basis in research and theory, such as the cognitive load theor…
View article: Novice teachers’ knowledge of effective study strategies
Novice teachers’ knowledge of effective study strategies Open
This survey research, assessed whether novice secondary school teachers knew and understood the effectiveness of empirically-supported learning strategies, namely spaced practice, retrieval practice, interleaved practice, using multimodal …
View article: Academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and grit in higher online education: Consistency of interests predicts academic success
Academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and grit in higher online education: Consistency of interests predicts academic success Open
Academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and grit (i.e., perseverance of effort and consistency of interests) have all separately shown to predict academic success within traditional education. In higher online education, information on these …
View article: Improving student success in chemistry through cognitive science
Improving student success in chemistry through cognitive science Open
Chemistry educator Alex H. Johnstone is perhaps best known for his insight that chemistry is best explained using macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic perspectives. But in his writings, he stressed a broader thesis, namely that teachi…
View article: Second and foreign language teachers’ problem-solving schemata development through informal problem-solving: the relationship between experience and expertise
Second and foreign language teachers’ problem-solving schemata development through informal problem-solving: the relationship between experience and expertise Open
Purpose: Second and foreign language (SL/FL) teachers’ informal problem-solving has received little explicit research attention while it is widely acknowledged that problem-solving is crucial to expertise development in any complex knowled…
View article: Adoption of learning technologies in times of pandemic crisis
Adoption of learning technologies in times of pandemic crisis Open
Adoption of learning technologies in times of pandemic crisisThe transition of our world from analogue to digital affects all aspects of society, including the educational sector.Digital technologies