Explanipedia

Groundwater dominates snowmelt runoff and controls streamflow efficiency in the western United States Open

P. D. Brooks, D. Kip Solomon, Stephanie K. Kampf, Sara R. Warix, Carleton R. Bern , et al. · 2025

Climate change in seasonally snow-covered mountain catchments is reducing water supply and decreasing streamflow predictability. Here, we use tritium age dating to show that contrary to the common assumption that snowmelt quickly contribut…

Periodic Variability in Baseflow in Headwater Streams of the Upper Colorado River: Implications for Runoff Efficiency Open

Margaret Wolf, Logan R. Jamison, Courtenay Strong, P. D. Brooks · 2025

The majority of the discharge in the Colorado River originates as snowmelt in headwater catchments. Flow from these streams exhibits significant year‐to‐year variability (Coefficient of Variation: 0.2–1.18), challenging the management of a…

Comparative connectomics of the descending and ascending neurons of theDrosophilanervous system: stereotypy and sexual dimorphism Open

Tomke Stürner, P. D. Brooks, Laia Serratosa Capdevila, Billy J Morris, Alexandre Javier , et al. · 2024

In most complex nervous systems there is a clear anatomical separation between the nerve cord, which contains most of the final motor outputs necessary for behaviour, and the brain. In insects, the neck connective is both a physical and in…

Extending the Decision-Making Lead time of Municipal Water System Management Using Teleconnections to Support Supply and Demand Estimates Open

Steven J. Burian, Ryan Johnson, Danyal Aziz, Courtenay Strong, P. D. Brooks , et al. · 2024

Western United States municipal water system management requires estimates of system performance with sufficient lead time to identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities. Given their dependence on winter snowpack and the resulting timi…

Incidence, Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Associated With Incisional Hernia Repair Open

Laurie Smith, Emily Wilkes, Chris Rolfe, Petra Westlake, Julie Cornish , et al. · 2024

Background: Incisional hernia (IH) is a common complication of abdominal surgery affecting between 12.8% and 30% of patients. In spite of this, rates of IH repair remain low, at around 5% in the literature. We aimed to assess the rate of I…

l1-norm regularized l1-norm best-fit lines Open

Ling Xiao, P. D. Brooks · 2024

In this work, we propose an optimization framework for estimating a sparse robust one-dimensional subspace. Our objective is to minimize both the representation error and the penalty, in terms of the l1-norm criterion. Given that the probl…

Atlantic-Pacific influence on western U.S. hydroclimate and water resources Open

Luke Stone, Courtenay Strong, Husile Bai, Thomas Reichler, Gregory J. McCabe , et al. · 2023

Seeing the Disturbed Forest for the Trees: Remote Sensing Is Underutilized to Quantify Critical Zone Response to Unprecedented Disturbance Open

Kyotaek Hwang, A. A. Harpold, C. Tague, Lauren E. L. Lowman, Gabrielle Boisramé , et al. · 2023

Understanding the severity and extent of near surface critical zone (CZ) disturbances and their ecosystem response is a pressing concern in the face of increasing human and natural disturbances. Predicting disturbance severity and recovery…

Quantifying climate change impacts on low flows of small high mountain watersheds: A nonstationary approach Open

Mohammad M. Hasan, Courtenay Strong, P. D. Brooks, Steven J. Burian, Michael E. Barber · 2023

Reflections and Thoughts on the Future of Science From AGU Hydrology Section Fellows Open

S. W. Tyler, Jennifer Kent, Suzanne P. Anderson, P. D. Brooks, Aaron I. Packman , et al. · 2023

At the inaugural Frontiers in Hydrology Meeting in San Juan, Puerto Rico in the summer of 2022, the Hydrology Section organized a poster session and invited our 2020 and 2021 Classes of AGU Fellows, with the initial goal of both celebratin…

Multi‐Year Controls on Groundwater Storage in Seasonally Snow‐Covered Headwater Catchments Open

Margaret Wolf, Logan R. Jamison, D. Kip Solomon, Courtenay Strong, P. D. Brooks · 2023

Seasonally snow‐covered catchments in the western United States supply water to growing populations as both annual snowmelt‐driven streamflow and multi‐year groundwater recharge. Although interannual variability in streamflow is driven lar…

The role of terrain-mediated hydroclimate in vegetation recovery after wildfire Open

Ryan Webb, M. E. Litvak, P. D. Brooks · 2023

Throughout communities and ecosystems both within and downstream of mountain forests, there is an increasing risk of wildfire. After a wildfire, stakeholder management will vary depending on the rate and spatial heterogeneity of forest re-…

Why does snowmelt-driven streamflow response to warming vary? A data-driven review and predictive framework Open

Beatrice Gordon, P. D. Brooks, Sebastian A. Krogh, Gabrielle Boisramé, Rosemary Carroll , et al. · 2022

Climate change is altering the seasonal accumulation and ablation of snow across mid-latitude mountainous regions in the Northern Hemisphere with profound implications for the water resources available to downstream communities and environ…

The Wasatch Environmental Observatory: A mountain to urban research network in the semi‐arid westernUS Open

Jennifer J. Follstad Shah, Ryan Bares, Brenda B. Bowen, Gabriel J. Bowen, D. R. Bowling , et al. · 2021

The 2085 km 2 Jordan River Basin, and its seven sub‐catchments draining the Central Wasatch Range immediately east of Salt Lake City, UT, are home to an array of hydrologic, atmospheric, climatic and chemical research infrastructure that c…

Lateral subsurface flow modulates forest mortality risk to future climate and elevated CO2 Open

Xiaonan Tai, Martín Venturas, D. S. Mackay, P. D. Brooks, Lawrence B. Flanagan · 2021

Forest mortality has been widely observed across the globe during recent episodes of drought and extreme heat events. But the future of forest mortality remains poorly understood. While the direct effects of future climate and elevated CO …

Drought in the West: Embedded Water Demand Stationarity Compromises System Vulnerability Analysis Open

Ryan Johnson, Margaret Wolf, Logan R. Jamison, Steven J. Burian, Carlos Oroza , et al. · 2021

Hydrological drought is challenging managers of western U.S. snowpack-dependent urban water systems. Snowpack, reservoir storage, streamflow dynamics, and demand are routinely assessed to guide water system management and operations, assum…

Increasing plant water stress and decreasing summer streamflow in response to a warmer and wetter climate in seasonally snow‐covered forests Open

Lindsey Christensen, Hallie R. Adams, Xiaonan Tai, Holly Barnard, P. D. Brooks · 2020

Warming temperatures and precipitation changes are expected to alter water availability and increase drought stress in western North America, yet uncertainties remain in how concurrent changes in the amount and seasonality of precipitation…

$L_1$-norm regularized $L_1$-norm best-fit line problem Open

Ling Xiao, P. D. Brooks · 2020

This work develops a sparse and outlier-insensitive method to fit a one-dimensional subspace that can be used as a replacement for eigenvector methods such as principal component analysis (PCA). The method is insensitive to outlier observa…

The Wasatch Environmental Observatory: A mountain to urban research network in the semi-arid Western US Open

Jennifer J. Follstad Shah, Ryan Bares, Brenda B. Bowen, Gabriel J. Bowen, D. Eiriksson , et al. · 2020

The Jordan River Basin, and its seven sub-catchments of the Central Wasatch Mountains immediately east of Salt Lake City, UT, are home to an array of research infrastructrure that collectively form the Wasatch Environmental Observatory (WE…

Developing statistically driven eco-engineering designs from LiDAR and structure from motion surveys for marine artificial structures. Open

Peter J. Lawrence, A. Evans, P. D. Brooks, Tim D’Urban Jackson, Stuart R. Jenkins , et al. · 2020

Coastal ecosystems are threatened by habitat loss and anthropogenic “smoothing” as hard engineering approaches to sea defence, such as sea-walls, rock armouring, and offshore reefs, become common place. These a…

Hillslope Hydrology in Global Change Research and Earth System Modeling Open

Ying Fan, Martyn Clark, David M. Lawrence, Sean Swenson, Lawrence E. Band , et al. · 2019

Earth System Models (ESMs) are essential tools for understanding and predicting global change, but they cannot explicitly resolve hillslope‐scale terrain structures that fundamentally organize water, energy, and biogeochemical stores and f…

Conotruncal abnormalities Open

P. D. Brooks · 2019

Using LiDAR to assess transitions in riparian vegetation structure along a rural-to-urban land use gradient in western North America Open

Noortje H. Grijseels, P. D. Brooks, Martin Buchert, Diane E. Pataki · 2019

Stream Centric Methods for Determining Groundwater Contributions in Karst Mountain Watersheds Open

Bethany T. Neilson, Hyrum Tennant, Trinity Stout, Matthew P. Miller, Rachel Gabor , et al. · 2018

Climate change influences on mountain hydrology are uncertain but likely to be mediated by variability in subsurface hydrologic residence times and flow paths. The heterogeneity of karst aquifers adds complexity in assessing the resiliency…

Supporting Information: Stream-centric methods for establishing groundwater contributions in karst mountain watersheds Open

Bethany T. Neilson, Hyrum Tennant, Trinity Stout, Matthew P. Miller, Rachel Gabor , et al. · 2018

Humidity determines snowpack ablation under a warming climate Open

A. A. Harpold, P. D. Brooks · 2018

Significance Changes in the amount and timing of snowmelt have large effects on water for society and ecosystems. Using long-term records from across the western United States, we demonstrate that atmospheric humidity is a major control on…

Regional sensitivities of seasonal snowpack to elevation, aspect, and vegetation cover in western North America Open

Christopher Tennant, A. A. Harpold, Kathleen A. Lohse, Sarah E. Godsey, B. T. Crosby , et al. · 2017

In mountains with seasonal snow cover, the effects of climate change on snowpack will be constrained by landscape‐vegetation interactions with the atmosphere. Airborne lidar surveys used to estimate snow depth, topography, and vegetation w…

Geochemical evolution of the Critical Zone across variable time scales informs concentration‐discharge relationships: Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory Open

Jennifer C. McIntosh, Courtney Schaumberg, Julia Perdrial, A. A. Harpold, Angélica Vázquez‐Ortega , et al. · 2017

This study investigates the influence of water, carbon, and energy fluxes on solute production and transport through the Jemez Critical Zone (CZ) and impacts on C‐Q relationships over variable spatial and temporal scales. Chemical depletio…

Topographically driven differences in energy and water constrain climatic control on forest carbon sequestration Open

Tyson L. Swetnam, P. D. Brooks, Holly Barnard, A. A. Harpold, Erika L. Gallo · 2017

Mountains are vital to ecosystems and human society given their influence on global carbon and water cycles. Yet the extent to which topography regulates montane forest carbon uptake and storage remains poorly understood. To address this k…

Water chemistry for La Jara Creek and nearby springs in the Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory, Valles Caldera Preserve, New Mexico (2010-2013) Open

Jennifer C. McIntosh, P. D. Brooks, Mary Kay Amistadi, Timothy L. Corley, Xavier Zapata‐Ríos , et al. · 2017

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