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View article: Computer assisted verbal autopsy: comparing large language models to physicians for assigning causes to 6939 deaths in Sierra Leone from 2019–2022
Computer assisted verbal autopsy: comparing large language models to physicians for assigning causes to 6939 deaths in Sierra Leone from 2019–2022 Open
Background Verbal autopsies (VAs) collect information on deaths in low and middle-income countries occurring outside healthcare facilities to estimate causes of death (CODs) for use in epidemiological or planning studies. Physician coding …
View article: Trends in perinatal mortality and its determinants in Ethiopia using longitudinal data from the demographic surveillance system (2009–2016)
Trends in perinatal mortality and its determinants in Ethiopia using longitudinal data from the demographic surveillance system (2009–2016) Open
In Ethiopia, the reduction in perinatal mortality rates is still falling short of national and global targets set for 2030. Additionally, accurate recording is challenging, as many births occur at home. This study aimed to assess the trend…
View article: Computer Assisted Verbal Autopsy: Comparing Large Language Models to Physicians for Assigning Causes to 6939 Deaths in Sierra Leone from 2019-2022
Computer Assisted Verbal Autopsy: Comparing Large Language Models to Physicians for Assigning Causes to 6939 Deaths in Sierra Leone from 2019-2022 Open
Background Verbal autopsies (VAs) collect information on deaths in low and middle-income countries occurring outside healthcare facilities to estimate causes of death (CODs) for use in epidemiological or planning studies. Physician coding …
View article: Candidate Dark Galaxy-2: Validation and Analysis of an Almost Dark Galaxy in the Perseus Cluster
Candidate Dark Galaxy-2: Validation and Analysis of an Almost Dark Galaxy in the Perseus Cluster Open
Candidate Dark Galaxy-2 (CDG-2) is a potential dark galaxy consisting of four globular clusters (GCs) in the Perseus cluster, first identified in D. Li et al. through a sophisticated statistical method. The method searched for overdensitie…
View article: Small-area spatio-temporal analysis of cancer risk to support effective and equitable cancer prevention
Small-area spatio-temporal analysis of cancer risk to support effective and equitable cancer prevention Open
Cancer is rapidly increasing worldwide and urgent global action towards cancer control is required. Consistent with global trends, Canada is expected to experience a near doubling in new cases and cancer deaths between 2020–2040; populatio…
View article: Discovery of Two Ultra-diffuse Galaxies with Unusually Bright Globular Cluster Luminosity Functions via a Mark-dependently Thinned Point Process (MATHPOP)
Discovery of Two Ultra-diffuse Galaxies with Unusually Bright Globular Cluster Luminosity Functions via a Mark-dependently Thinned Point Process (MATHPOP) Open
We present MArk-dependently THinned POint Process (M athpop) , a novel method to infer the globular cluster (GC) counts in ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) and low-surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs). Many known UDGs have a surprisingly high …
View article: Smoking, opioids and stagnation of survival among US Whites of low education
Smoking, opioids and stagnation of survival among US Whites of low education Open
Adult survival among non-Hispanic Whites (“Whites”) in the United States (US) has stagnated in recent decades, particularly among Whites with lower levels of education. We examined national mortality and population data to quantify the imp…
View article: A parameter transformation of the anisotropic Matérn covariance function
A parameter transformation of the anisotropic Matérn covariance function Open
We describe a polar coordinate transformation of the anisotropy parameters of the Matérn covariance function, which provides two benefits over the standard parameterization. First, it identifies a single point (the origin) with the special…
View article: Wastewater-based reproduction rates for epidemic curve reconstruction
Wastewater-based reproduction rates for epidemic curve reconstruction Open
Summary We introduce a hierarchical Bayesian framework for reconstructing epidemic curves using under-reported case counts and wastewater data. Our approach models wastewater signals as differentiable Gaussian processes, enabling inference…
View article: Wastewater surveillance using differentiable Gaussian processes
Wastewater surveillance using differentiable Gaussian processes Open
Wastewater-based surveillance tracks disease spread within communities by analyzing biological markers in wastewater. A key component of effective wastewater-based surveillance is the reliable inference of underlying viral signals and thei…
View article: Case-crossover designs and overdispersion with application to air pollution epidemiology
Case-crossover designs and overdispersion with application to air pollution epidemiology Open
Over the last three decades, case-crossover designs have found many applications in health sciences, especially in air pollution epidemiology. They are typically used, in combination with partial likelihood techniques, to define a conditio…
View article: High SARS-CoV-2 seroincidence but low excess COVID mortality in Sierra Leone in 2020–2022
High SARS-CoV-2 seroincidence but low excess COVID mortality in Sierra Leone in 2020–2022 Open
While SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to have spread widely throughout Africa, documentation of associated mortality is limited. We implemented a representative serosurvey in one city of Sierra Leone in Western Africa, paired with nationally …
View article: Discovery of Two Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies with Unusually Bright Globular Cluster Luminosity Functions via a Mark-Dependently Thinned Point Process (MATHPOP)
Discovery of Two Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies with Unusually Bright Globular Cluster Luminosity Functions via a Mark-Dependently Thinned Point Process (MATHPOP) Open
We present \textsc{Mathpop}, a novel method to infer the globular cluster (GC) counts in ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) and low-surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs). Many known UDGs have a surprisingly high ratio of GC number to surface brig…
View article: The root-Gaussian Cox Process for spatial-temporal disease mapping with aggregated data
The root-Gaussian Cox Process for spatial-temporal disease mapping with aggregated data Open
The study of aggregated data influenced by time, space, and extra changes in geographic region borders was the main emphasis of the current paper. This may occur if the regions used to count the reported incidences of a health outcome over…
View article: Association between precipitation and mortality due to diarrheal diseases by climate zone: A multi-country modeling study
Association between precipitation and mortality due to diarrheal diseases by climate zone: A multi-country modeling study Open
Background: Precipitation could affect the transmission of diarrheal diseases. The diverse precipitation patterns across different climates might influence the degree of diarrheal risk from precipitation. This study determined the associat…
View article: Hybrid immunity from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and vaccination in Canadian adults: A cohort study
Hybrid immunity from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and vaccination in Canadian adults: A cohort study Open
Background: Few national-level studies have evaluated the impact of ‘hybrid’ immunity (vaccination coupled with recovery from infection) from the Omicron variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods…
View article: Identifying waves of COVID-19 mortality using skew normal curves
Identifying waves of COVID-19 mortality using skew normal curves Open
We propose a model for multiple waves of an epidemic that decomposes the health outcome of interest into the sum of scaled skew normal curves. When applied to daily COVID-19 mortality in six regions (Japan, Italy, Belgium, Ontario, Texas, …
View article: clrng: Parallel Random Number Generation on GPU
clrng: Parallel Random Number Generation on GPU Open
Description Builds on 'gpuR' and utilizes the 'clRNG' ('OpenCL') library to provide efficient tools to generate independent random numbers in parallel on a GPU and save the results as 'R' objects, ensuring highquality random numbers even w…
View article: Estimating the population size of persons contending with homelessness using electronic health records
Estimating the population size of persons contending with homelessness using electronic health records Open
The majority of attempts to enumerate the homeless population rely on point-in-time or shelter counts, which can be costly and inaccurate. As an alternative, we use electronic health records from the Vancouver Island Health Authority, Brit…
View article: Profile likelihoods for parameters in trans-Gaussian geostatistical models
Profile likelihoods for parameters in trans-Gaussian geostatistical models Open
Profile likelihoods are rarely used in geostatistical models due to the computational burden imposed by repeated decompositions of large variance matrices. Accounting for uncertainty in covariance parameters can be highly consequential in …
View article: Repository for the paper "Poisson Cluster Process for Detecting Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies."
Repository for the paper "Poisson Cluster Process for Detecting Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies." Open
Repository for data, figures, and reproducible code for the paper "Poisson Cluster Process Models for Detecting Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies".
View article: Excess deaths in China during SARS-CoV-2 viral waves in 2022–2023
Excess deaths in China during SARS-CoV-2 viral waves in 2022–2023 Open
China experienced a sharp but short increase in excess deaths among its elderly during the Omicron wave. If death registry data corroborate our estimates of substantial excess deaths in China, the worldwide estimates of excess deaths due t…
View article: Case-crossover designs and overdispersion with application in air pollution epidemiology
Case-crossover designs and overdispersion with application in air pollution epidemiology Open
Over the last three decades, case-crossover designs have found many applications in health sciences, especially in air pollution epidemiology. They are typically used, in combination with partial likelihood techniques, to define a conditio…
View article: Model-Based Smoothing with Integrated Wiener Processes and Overlapping Splines
Model-Based Smoothing with Integrated Wiener Processes and Overlapping Splines Open
In many applications that involve the inference of an unknown smooth function, the inference of its derivatives is also important. To make joint inferences of the function and its derivatives, a class of Gaussian processes called pth order…
View article: Hybrid immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in Canadian adults: cohort study
Hybrid immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in Canadian adults: cohort study Open
Background Few national-level studies have evaluated the impact of “hybrid” immunity (vaccination coupled with recovery from infection) from the Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. Methods From May 2020 to December 2022, we conducted serial as…
View article: Excess deaths in China during SARS-CoV-2 viral waves in 2022-2023
Excess deaths in China during SARS-CoV-2 viral waves in 2022-2023 Open
Background The extent to which the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 raised death rates in China during its viral wave of December 2022-January 2023 remains undocumented. Methods We worked with an established national survey organization to su…