Paul W. Blair
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View article: Effectiveness of 2024–2025 COVID-19 Vaccination Against COVID-19 Hospitalization and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes — IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, September 1, 2024–April 30, 2025
Effectiveness of 2024–2025 COVID-19 Vaccination Against COVID-19 Hospitalization and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes — IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, September 1, 2024–April 30, 2025 Open
Importance As SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 lineage descendants continue to evolve, evaluating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe COVID-19 is necessary to inform vaccine composition updates. Objective To estimate effectiveness of 2024–20…
View article: Rickettsioses as Underrecognized Cause of Hospitalization for Febrile Illness, Uganda
Rickettsioses as Underrecognized Cause of Hospitalization for Febrile Illness, Uganda Open
The complexity of rickettsial serodiagnostics during acute illness has limited clinical characterization in Africa. We used archived samples from sepsis (n = 259) and acute febrile illness (n = 70) cohorts in Uganda to identify spotted fev…
View article: Incidence Rates of RSV‐Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults in Middle Tennessee, United States, October 2022 Through September 2023
Incidence Rates of RSV‐Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults in Middle Tennessee, United States, October 2022 Through September 2023 Open
We estimated the burden of RSV‐associated hospitalizations in US adults 1 year prior to RSV vaccine introduction. The overall annual incidence rate of RSV‐associated hospitalization was 31.47 (95% CI: 21.89–43.97) per 100,000 adults. Rates…
View article: Multi-step antibody class switching in a primary human response is restricted after <i>IGHG2</i> and dependent on B cell maturation stage
Multi-step antibody class switching in a primary human response is restricted after <i>IGHG2</i> and dependent on B cell maturation stage Open
Class switch recombination (CSR) allows the formation of functionally specialized antibodies. Understanding of CSR dynamics is key for better design and prediction of vaccines to protect mucosal surfaces. To investigate CSR in a primary hu…
View article: Multimorbidity Profiles and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes in Adults with Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Multimorbidity Profiles and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes in Adults with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Open
Background Adults hospitalized with acute respiratory infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), often have multiple underlying conditions. Few data are available on the combined effect of conditions on risk of severe outcome…
View article: Patient- and Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination
Patient- and Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Open
Importance In 2023, the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines were recommended for US adults 60 years or older, but few data are available about which patients were most likely to receive vaccine to inform future RSV vaccine out…
View article: Interim Estimates of 2024–2025 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years — VISION and IVY Networks, September 2024–January 2025
Interim Estimates of 2024–2025 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years — VISION and IVY Networks, September 2024–January 2025 Open
COVID-19 vaccination averted approximately 68,000 hospitalizations during the 2023-24 respiratory season. In June 2024, CDC and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that all persons aged ≥6 months receive a 2…
View article: P-705. Non-Clinicians Effectively Perform Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Influenza-like Illness
P-705. Non-Clinicians Effectively Perform Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Influenza-like Illness Open
Background Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a low-cost, portable imaging modality with greater sensitivity than chest x-ray to evaluate acute respiratory infections including influenza-like illness (ILI). However, clinical scale has bee…
View article: P-1935. Proteomic and transcriptomic signatures of SARS-CoV-2 associated myocarditis
P-1935. Proteomic and transcriptomic signatures of SARS-CoV-2 associated myocarditis Open
Background SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis is a rare but serious complication of COVID-19. The host response correlates of SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis remain unclear, thereby limiting therapeutic development. We therefore performed proteomic and transcr…
View article: Benefit of Early Oseltamivir Therapy for Adults Hospitalized With Influenza A: An Observational Study
Benefit of Early Oseltamivir Therapy for Adults Hospitalized With Influenza A: An Observational Study Open
Background Clinical guidelines recommend initiation of antiviral therapy as soon as possible for patients hospitalized with confirmed or suspected influenza. Methods A multicenter US observational sentinel surveillance network prospectivel…
View article: Metagenomic next generation sequencing of plasma RNA for diagnosis of unexplained, acute febrile illness in Uganda
Metagenomic next generation sequencing of plasma RNA for diagnosis of unexplained, acute febrile illness in Uganda Open
Metagenomic next generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) has proven to be a useful tool in the diagnosis and identification of novel human pathogens and pathogens not identified on routine clinical microbiologic tests. In this study, we a…
View article: RSV Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization Among US Adults 60 Years and Older
RSV Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization Among US Adults 60 Years and Older Open
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the respiratory syncytial virus vaccine against hospitalization for acute respiratory illness among US adults aged 60 years and older.
View article: Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity—IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, 18 October 2023–9 March 2024
Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity—IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, 18 October 2023–9 March 2024 Open
Background Assessing variant-specific coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severity can inform public health risk assessments and decisions about vaccine composition. BA.2.86 and its descendants, including JN.…
View article: Validation of Lung Ultrasound for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prognostication in an International Multicenter Cohort Study
Validation of Lung Ultrasound for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prognostication in an International Multicenter Cohort Study Open
Background Despite many studies evaluating lung ultrasound (LUS) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognostication, the generalizability and utility across clinical settings are uncertain. Methods Adults (≥18 years of age) with COVID…
View article: Gene Expression Signatures in Blood that Predict Mortality in a West African Sepsis Cohort Define Host Response Phenotypes
Gene Expression Signatures in Blood that Predict Mortality in a West African Sepsis Cohort Define Host Response Phenotypes Open
Uploaded documents are in support of the manuscript and contain: \n\n\n\tGene-level quantitation values (transcripts per million - TPM) for the 573 subjects described in the study\n\tMetadata with basic information about 573 study subjects…
View article: Evidence of <i>Orientia</i> spp. Endemicity among Severe Infectious Disease Cohorts, Uganda
Evidence of <i>Orientia</i> spp. Endemicity among Severe Infectious Disease Cohorts, Uganda Open
At 3 severe infection cohort sites in Uganda, Orientia seropositivity was common. We identified 4 seroconversion cases and 1 PCR-positive case. These results provide serologic and molecular support for Orientia spp. circulating in sub-Saha…
View article: Sepsis endotypes identified by host gene expression across global cohorts
Sepsis endotypes identified by host gene expression across global cohorts Open
View article: Precision Symptom Phenotyping Identifies Early Clinical and Proteomic Predictors of Distinct COVID-19 Sequelae
Precision Symptom Phenotyping Identifies Early Clinical and Proteomic Predictors of Distinct COVID-19 Sequelae Open
Background Post-COVID conditions (PCC) are difficult to characterize, diagnose, predict, and treat due to overlapping symptoms and poorly understood pathology. Identifying inflammatory profiles may improve clinical prognostication and tria…
View article: Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity — IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, October 18, 2023–March 9, 2024
Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity — IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, October 18, 2023–March 9, 2024 Open
Background Assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severity of SARS-CoV-2 variants can inform public health risk assessments and decisions about vaccine composition. BA.2.86 and its descendants, including JN.1 (referred to collec…
View article: Gene expression signatures in blood from a West African sepsis cohort define host response phenotypes
Gene expression signatures in blood from a West African sepsis cohort define host response phenotypes Open
Our limited understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that operate during sepsis is an obstacle to rational treatment and clinical trial design. There is a critical lack of data from low- and middle-income countries where the seps…
View article: A proof of concept for a targeted enrichment approach to the simultaneous detection and characterization of rickettsial pathogens from clinical specimens
A proof of concept for a targeted enrichment approach to the simultaneous detection and characterization of rickettsial pathogens from clinical specimens Open
Infection with either Rickettsia prowazekii or Orientia tsutsugamushi is common, yet diagnostic capabilities are limited due to the short window for positive identification. Until now, although targeted enrichment had been applied to incre…
View article: Two-Year Longitudinal Study Reveals That Long COVID Symptoms Peak and Quality of Life Nadirs at 6–12 Months Postinfection
Two-Year Longitudinal Study Reveals That Long COVID Symptoms Peak and Quality of Life Nadirs at 6–12 Months Postinfection Open
Background Few longitudinal studies available characterize long COVID outcomes out to 24 months, especially in people with nonsevere acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study sought to prospectively characterize incidence and d…
View article: 1762. Clinical application of handheld ultrasound devices during the 2022 Sudan Virus disease Ebola outbreak in Uganda
1762. Clinical application of handheld ultrasound devices during the 2022 Sudan Virus disease Ebola outbreak in Uganda Open
Background The fluid status and causes of respiratory failure in patients with Ebola disease can be challenging to determine due to concomitant severe diarrhea, vascular leakage, and multiorgan failure. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) cou…
View article: 434. Characteristics and long-term outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 associated myocarditis cases in the Military Health System
434. Characteristics and long-term outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 associated myocarditis cases in the Military Health System Open
Background SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis is a complication of COVID-19 and it is important to clarify the risk, clinical characteristics, and long-term outcomes of this complication. It is uncertain whether subsequent SARS-CoV-2 reinfections or C…
View article: Decreased Self-reported Physical Fitness Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Impact of Vaccine Boosters in a Cohort Study
Decreased Self-reported Physical Fitness Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Impact of Vaccine Boosters in a Cohort Study Open
Background The long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on physical fitness are unclear, and the impact of vaccination on that relationship is uncertain. Methods We compared survey responses in a 1-year study of US military…
View article: Point-of-care biomarker assay for rapid multiplexed detection of CRP and IP-10
Point-of-care biomarker assay for rapid multiplexed detection of CRP and IP-10 Open
Rapid and accurate measurements of immune protein markers are essential for diagnosis and treatment in all clinical settings. The recent pandemic has revealed a stark need for developing new tools and assays that could be rapidly used in d…
View article: Long-term Mortality Among Hospitalized Adults with Sepsis in Uganda: a Prospective Cohort Study
Long-term Mortality Among Hospitalized Adults with Sepsis in Uganda: a Prospective Cohort Study Open
Background Twelve-month mortality in sepsis survivors has not been previously characterized in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Hospitalized adults with ≥ 2 modified systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria (temperature < 36°C or…
View article: Point-of-Care Biomarker Assay for Rapid Multiplexed Detection of CRP and IP-10
Point-of-Care Biomarker Assay for Rapid Multiplexed Detection of CRP and IP-10 Open
Rapid and accurate measurements of immune protein markers are essential for diagnosis and treatment in all clinical settings. The recent pandemic has revealed a stark need for developing new tools and assays that could be rapidly used in d…
View article: Long COVID brain fog and muscle pain are associated with longer time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the upper respiratory tract during acute infection
Long COVID brain fog and muscle pain are associated with longer time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the upper respiratory tract during acute infection Open
Introduction The incidence of long COVID is substantial, even in people with mild to moderate acute COVID-19. The role of early viral kinetics in the subsequent development of long COVID is largely unknown, especially in individuals who we…
View article: Additive value of lung ultrasound to clinical parameters for prognosticating COVID-19
Additive value of lung ultrasound to clinical parameters for prognosticating COVID-19 Open
The inclusion of LUS with simple, point-of-care clinical parameters have potential to improve COVID-19 prognostication above that from standard clinical care delivery. https://bit.ly/3InePYK.